Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Biology and health sciences/Biology#Basics
{{Vital articles navigation/level 5/Biology}}
Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.
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:See also: Agriculture and Biotechnology in Technology
Quota 1,100 articles.
Total 1,122 articles.
class="wikitable sortable" | |
Class | #Articles |
---|---|
{{Icon|FA}} FA | 14 |
{{Icon|GA}} GA | 105 |
{{Icon|B}} B | 272 |
{{Icon|C}} C | 529 |
{{Icon|FFA}} FFA | 10 |
{{Icon|DGA}} DGA | 16 |
{{Icon|Start}} Start | 196 |
{{Icon|Stub}} Stub | 5 |
=Biology basics =
{{Vital article count|70}}
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
- {{Icon|GA}} Life (Level 1)
- {{Icon|B}} Death (Level 2)
- {{Icon|C}} Decomposition
- {{Icon|GA}} Suicide (Level 3)
- {{Icon|GA}} Abiogenesis (Level 3)
- {{Icon|GA}} Organism (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Earliest known life forms
- {{Icon|B}} Model organism (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Microorganism
- {{Icon|B}} Bacteriophage
- {{Icon|Start}} Carbon-based life
- {{Icon|Start}} Non-cellular life
- {{Icon|B}} Artificial life
- {{Icon|GA}} Biology (Level 2)
- {{Icon|Start}} Human biology
- {{Icon|C}} Microbiology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Microbiological culture
- {{Icon|C}} Mycology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Synthetic biology
- {{Icon|FA}} Evolution (Level 2)
- {{Icon|GA}} History of life (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Introduction to evolution
- {{Icon|B}} Neuroscience (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Brain–computer interface
- {{Icon|Start}} Clinical neuroscience
- {{Icon|C}} Neural network (biology)
- {{Icon|B}} Neuroplasticity
- {{Icon|B}} Sense (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Organic matter
- {{Icon|B}} Amber (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Ivory (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Pearl (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Paleontology (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Fossil (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Living fossil
- {{Icon|GA}} Transitional fossil
- {{Icon|B}} Trace fossil
- {{Icon|Start}} Petrified wood
- {{Icon|B}} Micropaleontology
- {{Icon|C}} Paleobotany
- {{Icon|Start}} Paleoecology
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Bioinformatics
- {{Icon|C}} Computational biology
- {{Icon|C}} Proteomics
- {{Icon|C}} Biomechanics (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Systems biology
- {{Icon|C}} Ethnobiology
{{Div col end}}
Phylogenetics and taxonomy
{{Vital article count|23}}
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
- {{Icon|B}} Phylogenetics (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Binomial nomenclature (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Taxonomy (biology) (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} Cladistics
- {{Icon|C}} Clade
- {{Icon|C}} Crown group
- {{Icon|C}} Incertae sedis
- {{Icon|C}} Synonym (taxonomy)
- {{Icon|Start}} Taxon
- {{Icon|C}} Taxonomic rank
- {{Icon|B}} Domain (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Kingdom (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Phylum
- {{Icon|Start}} Class (biology)
- {{Icon|C}} Order (biology)
- {{Icon|Start}} Family (biology)
- {{Icon|Start}} Type genus
- {{Icon|Start}} Tribe (biology)
- {{Icon|C}} Genus
- {{Icon|Start}} Type species
- {{Icon|GA}} Species (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Infraspecific name
- {{Icon|C}} Subspecies
{{Div col end}}
=Anatomy and morphology =
{{Vital article count|386}}
For anatomy and physiology articles specific to or mostly about human anatomy, see Medical basics -- Human anatomy.
Basic anatomy
{{Vital article count|17}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|GA}} Anatomy (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Anatomical variation
- {{Icon|B}} Dissection (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Morphology (biology)
- {{Icon|C}} Organ (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Organ system
- {{Icon|C}} Tissue (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Histology
- {{Icon|B}} Sexual dimorphism (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Bacterial cell structure
- {{Icon|Start}} Bacterial capsule
- {{Icon|B}} Endospore
- {{Icon|C}} Pilus
- {{Icon|B}} Biofilm
- {{Icon|B}} Bird anatomy
- {{Icon|B}} Fish anatomy
- {{Icon|B}} Insect morphology
{{Div col end}}
Animal anatomy and morphology
{{Vital article count|313}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|Start}} Body (biology)
- {{Icon|C}} Head (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Beak
- {{Icon|Start}} Cheek
- {{Icon|Start}} Proboscis
- {{Icon|Stub}} Snout
- {{Icon|C}} Neck
- {{Icon|C}} Thorax (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Thorax (arthropod anatomy)
- {{Icon|Start}} Digit (anatomy)
- {{Icon|C}} Abdomen (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Navel
- {{Icon|C}} Peritoneum
- {{Icon|C}} Body cavity
- {{Icon|C}} Abdominal cavity
- {{Icon|Start}} Body fluid
- {{Icon|C}} Buttocks
- {{Icon|C}} Extracellular fluid
- {{Icon|Start}} Claw
- {{Icon|Start}} Hoof
- {{Icon|C}} Fin
- {{Icon|C}} Bird wing
- {{Icon|B}} Fish fin
- {{Icon|GA}} Insect wing
- {{Icon|Start}} Limb (anatomy)
- {{Icon|Stub}} Flipper (anatomy)
- {{Icon|B}} Webbed foot
- {{Icon|C}} Arthropod leg
- {{Icon|Start}} Gland
- {{Icon|Start}} Tail
- {{Icon|Start}} Torso
=Circulatory system =
{{Vital article count|29}}
- {{Icon|C}} Circulatory system (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Blood (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Blood plasma
- {{Icon|C}} Blood cell
- {{Icon|B}} Platelet
- {{Icon|B}} Red blood cell (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} White blood cell (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Neutrophil
- {{Icon|C}} Eosinophil
- {{Icon|C}} Basophil
- {{Icon|B}} Mast cell
- {{Icon|C}} Blood vessel
- {{Icon|C}} Artery (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Arteriole
- {{Icon|B}} Capillary (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Vein (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Venule
- {{Icon|C}} Endothelium
- {{Icon|GA}} Heart (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Aorta
- {{Icon|C}} Atrium (heart)
- {{Icon|C}} Heart valve
- {{Icon|C}} Ventricle (heart)
- {{Icon|B}} Lymphatic system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Lymph
- {{Icon|C}} Lymph node
- {{Icon|C}} Lymphatic vessel
- {{Icon|C}} Spleen (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Blood–brain barrier
=Endocrine system =
{{Vital article count|7}}
- {{Icon|C}} Endocrine system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Adrenal gland (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Hypothalamus
- {{Icon|GA}} Parathyroid gland
- {{Icon|B}} Pineal gland
- {{Icon|C}} Pituitary gland
- {{Icon|GA}} Thyroid (Level 4)
=Exocrine system =
{{Vital article count|6}}
- {{Icon|Start}} Exocrine gland
- {{Icon|C}} Lacrimal gland
- {{Icon|B}} Mucus
- {{Icon|GA}} Sebaceous gland
- {{Icon|B}} Sweat gland
- {{Icon|C}} Perspiration
=Gastrointestinal tract =
{{Vital article count|33}}
- {{Icon|Start}} Anus
- {{Icon|B}} Appendix (anatomy)
- {{Icon|C}} Cloaca
- {{Icon|GA}} Esophagus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Feces
- {{Icon|GA}} Gallbladder
- {{Icon|C}} Large intestine (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Cecum
- {{Icon|C}} Rectum
- {{Icon|B}} Liver (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Bile
- {{Icon|C}} Mouth (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Cephalopod beak
- {{Icon|Start}} Insect mouthparts
- {{Icon|C}} Lip
- {{Icon|Start}} Palate
- {{Icon|B}} Saliva
- {{Icon|B}} Salivary gland
- {{Icon|B}} Tongue (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Tooth
- {{Icon|B}} Dentition
- {{Icon|Start}} Fang
- {{Icon|C}} Gums
- {{Icon|Start}} Tusk
- {{Icon|C}} Vocal sac
- {{Icon|GA}} Pancreas (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Pharynx
- {{Icon|C}} Small intestine (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Duodenum
- {{Icon|C}} Jejunum
- {{Icon|C}} Ileum
- {{Icon|C}} Stomach (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Throat
=Immune system =
{{Vital article count|11}}
- {{Icon|FA}} Immune system (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Adaptive immune system
- {{Icon|B}} Innate immune system
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Antibody (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Antigen
- {{Icon|C}} B cell
- {{Icon|C}} Dendritic cell
- {{Icon|B}} Macrophage
- {{Icon|C}} Natural killer cell
- {{Icon|B}} T cell
- {{Icon|GA}} Thymus
=Integumentary system =
{{Vital article count|20}}
- {{Icon|C}} Integumentary system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Mammary gland
- {{Icon|B}} Breast (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Nipple
- {{Icon|Start}} Udder
- {{Icon|B}} Feather (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Fingerprint (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Hair (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Body hair
- {{Icon|C}} Fur (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Hair follicle
- {{Icon|C}} Pubic hair
- {{Icon|C}} Whiskers
- {{Icon|C}} Nail (anatomy) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Scale (zoology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Skin (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Epidermis
- {{Icon|C}} Dermis
- {{Icon|Start}} Spine (zoology)
- {{Icon|Start}} Stinger
=Muscular system =
{{Vital article count|6}}
- {{Icon|C}} Muscular system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Cardiac muscle
- {{Icon|B}} Muscle cell (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Sarcomere (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Skeletal muscle (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Smooth muscle
=Nervous system =
{{Vital article count|85}}
- {{Icon|B}} Nervous system (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Central nervous system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Peripheral nervous system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Ganglion
- {{Icon|C}} Antenna (zoology)
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Brain (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Brainstem (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Medulla oblongata
- {{Icon|C}} Midbrain
- {{Icon|C}} Pons
- {{Icon|C}} Thalamus
- {{Icon|FA}} Cerebellum (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Cerebral cortex (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Cerebrum (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Frontal lobe
- {{Icon|Start}} Occipital lobe
- {{Icon|C}} Parietal lobe
- {{Icon|C}} Temporal lobe
- {{Icon|C}} Amygdala
- {{Icon|FA}} Hippocampus
- {{Icon|GA}} Cerebrospinal fluid
- {{Icon|B}} Glia
- {{Icon|C}} Nerve
- {{Icon|GA}} Cranial nerves
- {{Icon|C}} Spinal nerve
- {{Icon|B}} Neuron (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Axon
- {{Icon|C}} Dendrite
- {{Icon|C}} Myelin
- {{Icon|C}} Synapse
- {{Icon|C}} Spinal cord (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Autonomic nervous system
- {{Icon|C}} Parasympathetic nervous system
- {{Icon|C}} Sympathetic nervous system
- {{Icon|C}} Sensory nervous system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Synesthesia
- {{Icon|C}} Auditory system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Ear (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Outer ear
- {{Icon|C}} Eardrum
- {{Icon|C}} Ossicles
- {{Icon|B}} Cochlea
- {{Icon|C}} Hair cell
- {{Icon|C}} Hearing (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Auditory cortex
- {{Icon|GA}} Lateral line
- {{Icon|C}} Taste (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Bitter taste evolution
- {{Icon|C}} Pungency
- {{Icon|B}} Sweetness
- {{Icon|B}} Umami
- {{Icon|C}} Olfactory system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Nose (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Nostril
- {{Icon|C}} Sense of smell (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Somatosensory system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Pain (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Proprioception
- {{Icon|C}} Visual system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Eye (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Compound eye
- {{Icon|B}} Cornea
- {{Icon|C}} Eye color
- {{Icon|C}} Eyelid
- {{Icon|C}} Iris (anatomy)
- {{Icon|C}} Lens (vertebrate anatomy)
- {{Icon|C}} Optic nerve
- {{Icon|C}} Photoreceptor cell
- {{Icon|C}} Cone cell
- {{Icon|Start}} Rod cell
- {{Icon|C}} Pupil
- {{Icon|B}} Retina
- {{Icon|C}} Simple eye in invertebrates
- {{Icon|Start}} Tears
- {{Icon|C}} Vitreous body
- {{Icon|C}} Visual perception (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Accommodation (vertebrate eye)
- {{Icon|B}} Visual acuity
- {{Icon|C}} Color vision (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Monochromacy
- {{Icon|Start}} Dichromacy
- {{Icon|C}} Trichromacy
- {{Icon|C}} Tetrachromacy
- {{Icon|C}} Purkinje effect
- {{Icon|C}} Visual cortex
=Reproductive system =
{{Vital article count|20}}
- {{Icon|C}} Reproductive system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Sex organ (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Female reproductive system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Clitoris (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Fallopian tube
- {{Icon|C}} Ovary (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Placenta (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Pouch (marsupial)
- {{Icon|B}} Uterus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Cervix
- {{Icon|GA}} Vagina (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Hymen
- {{Icon|C}} Male reproductive system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Penis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Foreskin
- {{Icon|C}} Glans penis
- {{Icon|GA}} Prostate
- {{Icon|B}} Testicle (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Scrotum
- {{Icon|Start}} Genitourinary system
=Respiratory system =
{{Vital article count|8}}
- {{Icon|B}} Respiratory system (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Gill (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Lung (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Bronchus
- {{Icon|C}} Pulmonary alveolus
- {{Icon|B}} Larynx
- {{Icon|C}} Thoracic diaphragm
- {{Icon|GA}} Trachea
=Skeletal system =
{{Vital article count|38}}
- {{Icon|C}} Skeleton (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Bone (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Bone marrow
- {{Icon|C}} Antler
- {{Icon|C}} Carpal bones
- {{Icon|C}} Clavicle
- {{Icon|C}} Femur
- {{Icon|C}} Fibula
- {{Icon|C}} Horn (anatomy)
- {{Icon|C}} Humerus
- {{Icon|C}} Hyoid bone
- {{Icon|C}} Jaw (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Joint (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Ankle
- {{Icon|C}} Elbow
- {{Icon|C}} Knee
- {{Icon|C}} Wrist
- {{Icon|C}} Maxilla
- {{Icon|C}} Metacarpal bones
- {{Icon|C}} Metatarsal bones
- {{Icon|C}} Patella
- {{Icon|B}} Pelvis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Phalanx bone
- {{Icon|C}} Radius (bone)
- {{Icon|C}} Rib cage
- {{Icon|C}} Rib
- {{Icon|C}} Sternum
- {{Icon|C}} Sacrum
- {{Icon|B}} Scapula
- {{Icon|C}} Skull (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Tarsus (skeleton)
- {{Icon|C}} Tibia
- {{Icon|C}} Ulna
- {{Icon|C}} Spinal column (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Intervertebral disc
- {{Icon|C}} Vertebra
- {{Icon|C}} Exoskeleton
- {{Icon|C}} Mollusc shell
=Tissues =
{{Vital article count|12}}
- {{Icon|C}} Connective tissue (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Adipocyte
- {{Icon|B}} Adipose tissue
- {{Icon|C}} Cartilage (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Hyaline cartilage
- {{Icon|C}} Fibroblast
- {{Icon|Start}} Ligament (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Tendon (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Epithelium (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Basement membrane
- {{Icon|C}} Muscle (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Nervous tissue (Level 4)
=Urinary system =
Plant anatomy and morphology
{{Vital article count|49}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
=Plant anatomy and morphology: General=
{{Vital article count|32}}
- {{Icon|Start}} Plant anatomy (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Plant morphology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Plant nutrition
- {{Icon|Start}} Bulb
- {{Icon|GA}} Flower (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Gynoecium
- {{Icon|Start}} Petal
- {{Icon|Start}} Sepal
- {{Icon|Start}} Stamen
- {{Icon|C}} Fruit (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Berry (botany) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Nut (fruit) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Herbaceous plant
- {{Icon|C}} Leaf (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Rhizome
- {{Icon|B}} Root (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Aerial root
- {{Icon|C}} Taproot
- {{Icon|B}} Seed (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Seedling
- {{Icon|Start}} Cotyledon
- {{Icon|Start}} Hypocotyl
- {{Icon|Start}} Radicle
- {{Icon|C}} Shrub (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Stolon
- {{Icon|B}} Stoma (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Strobilus
- {{Icon|GA}} Tree (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Tuber
- {{Icon|Start}} Vine
- {{Icon|Start}} Liana
- {{Icon|B}} Tendril
=Plant stem =
{{Vital article count|8}}
- {{Icon|Start}} Plant stem (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Bark (botany) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Branch
- {{Icon|Start}} Cortex (botany)
- {{Icon|Start}} Pith
- {{Icon|B}} Stele (biology)
- {{Icon|GA}} Trunk (botany) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Twig
=Plant tissues =
{{Vital article count|9}}
- {{Icon|C}} Epidermis (botany) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Endodermis
- {{Icon|C}} Ground tissue (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Meristem (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Vascular tissue (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Primary vein
- {{Icon|B}} Phloem
- {{Icon|C}} Xylem
- {{Icon|Start}} Vascular cambium (Level 4)
{{Div col end}}
Fungal morphology and anatomy
{{Vital article count|7}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|Start}} Ascus
- {{Icon|C}} Basidium
- {{Icon|Start}} Conidium
- {{Icon|C}} Hypha (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Mycelium (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Sporangium
- {{Icon|Start}} Thallus
{{div col end}}
=Biological processes and physiology =
{{Vital article count|132}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
Basics
{{Vital article count|54}}
- {{Icon|B}} Physiology (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Plant physiology
- {{Icon|C}} Blinking
- {{Icon|C}} Breathing (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Cardiac cycle
- {{Icon|C}} Chemosynthesis
- {{Icon|B}} Circadian rhythm (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Digestion (Level 3)
- Regurgitation (digestion)
- {{Icon|Start}} Excretion (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Burping
- {{Icon|C}} Defecation
- {{Icon|B}} Flatulence
- {{Icon|B}} Urination
- {{Icon|Start}} Healing
- {{Icon|B}} Coagulation
- {{Icon|C}} Hemostasis
- {{Icon|B}} Wound healing
- {{Icon|C}} Homeostasis
- {{Icon|C}} Acid–base homeostasis
- {{Icon|C}} Blood sugar level (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Osmoregulation
- {{Icon|FA}} Metabolism (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Biosynthesis
- {{Icon|Stub}} Bradymetabolism
- {{Icon|Start}} Catabolism
- {{Icon|C}} Gluconeogenesis
- {{Icon|C}} Metabolomics
- {{Icon|Start}} Secondary metabolite
- {{Icon|B}} Muscle contraction (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Photosynthesis (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Light-dependent reactions
- {{Icon|C}} Calvin cycle
- {{Icon|C}} Biological carbon fixation
- {{Icon|Start}} C3 carbon fixation
- {{Icon|C}} C4 carbon fixation
- {{Icon|Start}} Crassulacean acid metabolism
- {{Icon|Start}} Respiration (physiology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Thermoregulation (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Warm-blooded
- {{Icon|C}} Thermogenesis
- {{Icon|Start}} Ectotherm
- {{Icon|C}} Endotherm
- {{Icon|Start}} Eurytherm
- {{Icon|C}} Poikilotherm
- {{Icon|Start}} Mesotherm
- {{Icon|Start}} Homeothermy
- {{Icon|Start}} Heterothermy
- {{Icon|Stub}} Stenotherm
- {{Icon|B}} Kleptothermy
- {{Icon|Start}} Gigantothermy
- {{Icon|Start}} Thermostability
- {{Icon|Start}} Thermolabile
- {{Icon|C}} Transpiration (Level 4)
Development
{{Vital article count|2}}
- {{Icon|C}} Developmental biology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Development of the human body (Level 4)
Animal ontogeny
{{Vital article count|15}}
- {{Icon|C}} Cuticle (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Embryo (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Embryology
- {{Icon|C}} Fetus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Imago (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Larva (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Longevity (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Metamorphosis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Moulting (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Nymph (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Ontogeny (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Puberty (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Pupa (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Tadpole (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Umbilical cord
Biological reproduction
{{Vital article count|12}}
- {{Icon|B}} Reproduction (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Offspring
- {{Icon|C}} Asexual reproduction (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Parthenogenesis
- {{Icon|B}} Sex (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Sexual reproduction (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Female (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Male (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Gamete
- {{Icon|C}} Germline
- {{Icon|C}} Microbial cyst (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Spore (Level 4)
Animal reproduction
{{Vital article count|19}}
- {{Icon|C}} Egg (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Oogenesis
- {{Icon|C}} Egg white
- {{Icon|C}} Yolk
- {{Icon|C}} Birth (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Lactation
- {{Icon|Start}} Pregnancy (mammals)
- {{Icon|C}} Pregnancy in fish
- {{Icon|C}} Semen (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Ejaculation
- {{Icon|C}} Insemination
- {{Icon|C}} Sperm (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Spermatogenesis
- {{Icon|C}} Animal embryonic development
- {{Icon|Start}} Zygote
- {{Icon|C}} Cleavage (embryo)
- {{Icon|Start}} Blastulation
- {{Icon|C}} Gastrulation
- {{Icon|C}} Germ layer
Human reproduction
{{Vital article count|17}}
- {{Icon|C}} Human reproduction
- {{Icon|B}} Pregnancy (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Human embryonic development
- {{Icon|C}} Human fertilization
- {{Icon|B}} Miscarriage
- {{Icon|B}} Childbirth (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Breech birth
- {{Icon|C}} Multiple birth
- {{Icon|C}} Preterm birth
- {{Icon|C}} Postterm pregnancy
- {{Icon|C}} Stillbirth
- {{Icon|FA}} Menstrual cycle (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Menstruation
- {{Icon|B}} Ovulation
- {{Icon|B}} Premenstrual syndrome
- {{Icon|B}} Menopause (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Hot flash
Plant reproduction
{{Vital article count|13}}
- {{Icon|C}} Plant reproduction (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Alternation of generations (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Gametophyte (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Antheridium
- {{Icon|Start}} Archegonium
- {{Icon|B}} Germination
- {{Icon|Start}} Oogonium
- {{Icon|Start}} Plant embryonic development
- {{Icon|C}} Plant reproductive morphology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Pollen (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Pollination (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Sporophyte (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Vernalization
{{Div col end}}
=Biochemistry and molecular biology =
{{Vital article count|181}}
Biochemistry
{{Vital article count|144}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|C}} Biochemistry (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Chemical biology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Biomolecule (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Structural biology
=Alkaloids =
=Biological pigments =
{{Vital article count|8}}
- {{Icon|C}} Biological pigment (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Carotenoid (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Β-Carotene
- {{Icon|B}} Lutein
- {{Icon|C}} Chlorophyll (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Melanin (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Rhodopsin
- {{Icon|GA}} Structural coloration
=Carbohydrates =
{{Vital article count|19}}
- {{Icon|B}} Carbohydrate (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Monosaccharide
- {{Icon|Start}} Deoxyribose
- {{Icon|B}} Fructose (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Galactose
- {{Icon|B}} Glucose (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Glyceraldehyde
- {{Icon|B}} Ribose
- {{Icon|Start}} Disaccharide
- {{Icon|C}} Lactose (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Maltose
- {{Icon|B}} Sucrose
- {{Icon|C}} Polysaccharide
- {{Icon|B}} Agar
- {{Icon|B}} Cellulose (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Chitin (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Glycogen (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Pectin
- {{Icon|C}} Starch (Level 4)
=Coenzymes=
{{Vital article count|2}}
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Adenosine triphosphate (Level 4)
- {{Icon|FA}} Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
=Hormones =
{{Vital article count|30}}
- {{Icon|C}} Hormone (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Adrenaline (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Androgen
- {{Icon|B}} Testosterone (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Aldosterone
- {{Icon|B}} Cortisol
- {{Icon|GA}} Dopamine (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Endorphins
- {{Icon|B}} Estrogen (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Glucocorticoid
- {{Icon|B}} Growth hormone
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Insulin (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Leptin
- {{Icon|B}} Melatonin
- {{Icon|B}} Oxytocin (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Progestogen
- {{Icon|B}} Progesterone
- {{Icon|C}} Secretin
- {{Icon|C}} Thyroid hormones
- {{Icon|B}} Vasopressin
- {{Icon|B}} Plant hormone (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Abscisic acid
- {{Icon|B}} Auxin
- {{Icon|Start}} Brassinosteroid
- {{Icon|C}} Cytokinin
- {{Icon|Start}} Florigen
- {{Icon|Start}} Gibberellin
- {{Icon|Start}} Jasmonate
- {{Icon|C}} Salicylic acid
- {{Icon|C}} Strigolactone
=Lipids =
{{Vital article count|8}}
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Lipid (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Fat (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Fatty acid (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Omega-3 fatty acid
- {{Icon|B}} Omega-6 fatty acid
- {{Icon|C}} Lipopolysaccharide
- {{Icon|B}} Lipoprotein
- {{Icon|C}} Phospholipid
=Nucleic acids =
{{Vital article count|14}}
- {{Icon|C}} Nucleic acid (Level 4)
- {{Icon|FA}} DNA (Level 3)
- {{Icon|GA}} RNA (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Messenger RNA
- {{Icon|B}} Transfer RNA
- {{Icon|B}} Ribosomal RNA
- {{Icon|C}} Nucleic acid structure
- {{Icon|C}} Base pair
- {{Icon|C}} Nucleotide
- {{Icon|Start}} Adenine
- {{Icon|Start}} Cytosine
- {{Icon|B}} Guanine
- {{Icon|C}} Thymine
- {{Icon|B}} Uracil
=Neurotransmitters =
{{Vital article count|5}}
- {{Icon|C}} Neurotransmitter
- {{Icon|B}} Acetylcholine
- {{Icon|Start}} Catecholamine
- {{Icon|C}} γ-Aminobutyric acid
- {{Icon|B}} Glutathione
=Proteins =
{{Vital article count|39}}
- {{Icon|GA}} Protein (Level 3)
- {{Icon|GA}} Amino acid (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Proteinogenic amino acid
- {{Icon|C}} Essential amino acid
- {{Icon|C}} Alanine
- {{Icon|B}} Arginine
- {{Icon|Start}} Asparagine
- {{Icon|Start}} Aspartic acid
- {{Icon|B}} Cysteine
- {{Icon|C}} Glutamic acid
- {{Icon|C}} Glutamine
- {{Icon|B}} Glycine
- {{Icon|C}} Histidine
- {{Icon|Start}} Isoleucine
- {{Icon|C}} Leucine
- {{Icon|B}} Lysine
- {{Icon|B}} Methionine
- {{Icon|B}} Phenylalanine
- {{Icon|Start}} Proline
- {{Icon|Start}} Serine
- {{Icon|Start}} Threonine
- {{Icon|C}} Tryptophan
- {{Icon|C}} Tyrosine
- {{Icon|Start}} Valine
- {{Icon|C}} Collagen
- {{Icon|FA}} Enzyme (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Gelatin
- {{Icon|Start}} Glycoprotein
- {{Icon|B}} Hemoglobin (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Glycated hemoglobin
- {{Icon|C}} Histone
- {{Icon|C}} Keratin
- {{Icon|C}} Peptide
- {{Icon|C}} Peptidoglycan
- {{Icon|C}} Protein (nutrient) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Protein biosynthesis
- {{Icon|B}} Protein structure
- {{Icon|C}} Proteome
- {{Icon|B}} Gluten
=Steroids =
{{Vital article count|3}}
- {{Icon|C}} Steroid (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Cholesterol (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Steroid hormone
{{Div col end}}
=Metabolic processes=
{{Vital article count|7}}
- {{Icon|C}} Cellular respiration (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Anaerobic respiration
- {{Icon|C}} Citric acid cycle
- {{Icon|B}} Electron transport chain
- {{Icon|B}} Glycolysis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|FA}} Oxidative phosphorylation
- {{Icon|C}} Fermentation (Level 4)
Molecular biology
{{Vital article count|37}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|C}} Molecular biology (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Gene expression (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Central dogma of molecular biology
- {{Icon|GA}} Genetic code (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} DNA replication (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} DNA polymerase
- {{Icon|Start}} DNA ligase
- {{Icon|C}} Helicase
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|FFA}} DNA repair
- {{Icon|C}} Transposable element
- {{Icon|C}} Non-coding DNA
- {{Icon|B}} Transcription (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Enhancer (genetics)
- {{Icon|B}} Operon
- {{Icon|Start}} Promoter (genetics)
- {{Icon|B}} RNA polymerase
- {{Icon|Start}} Terminator (genetics)
- {{Icon|B}} Transcription factor
- {{Icon|B}} Transcriptome
- {{Icon|Start}} Post-transcriptional modification
- {{Icon|C}} RNA splicing
- {{Icon|C}} Exon
- {{Icon|C}} Intron
- {{Icon|B}} MicroRNA
- {{Icon|FA}} RNA interference
- {{Icon|B}} Translation (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Post-translational modification
- {{Icon|C}} Protein folding
- {{Icon|Start}} Ubiquitin
- {{Icon|C}} Regulation of gene expression
- {{Icon|C}} Non-coding RNA
- {{Icon|B}} Reverse transcriptase
- {{Icon|Start}} Complementary DNA
- {{Icon|C}} Restriction enzyme
- {{Icon|C}} Cloning vector
- {{Icon|C}} Expression vector
- {{Icon|C}} Telomere
{{Div col end}}
=Zoology =
{{Vital article count|59}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
=Basics =
{{Vital article count|12}}
- {{Icon|B}} Zoology (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Entomology
- {{Icon|C}} Herpetology
- {{Icon|C}} Ichthyology
- {{Icon|Start}} Malacology
- {{Icon|Start}} Mammalogy
- {{Icon|B}} Ornithology
- {{Icon|GA}} Animal (Level 2)
- {{Icon|B}} Animal consciousness
- {{Icon|GA}} Animal coloration (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Camouflage (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Mimicry
=Ethology =
{{Vital article count|47}}
- {{Icon|B}} Ethology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Intelligence (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Sleep (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Sleep in animals
- {{Icon|B}} Rapid eye movement sleep
- {{Icon|Start}} Siesta
- {{Icon|Start}} Wakefulness
- {{Icon|C}} Yawn
- {{Icon|C}} Dormancy
- {{Icon|C}} Hibernation (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Aestivation
- {{Icon|C}} Diapause
- {{Icon|B}} Carnivore (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Hematophagy
- {{Icon|Start}} Hypercarnivore
- {{Icon|C}} Insectivore
- {{Icon|GA}} Predation (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Scavenger (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Herbivore (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Grazing (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Browsing (herbivory)
- {{Icon|Start}} Omnivore
- {{Icon|Start}} Hypocarnivore
- {{Icon|Start}} Mesocarnivore
- {{Icon|C}} Imprinting (psychology)
- {{Icon|B}} Animal locomotion (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Aquatic locomotion
- {{Icon|C}} Arboreal locomotion
- {{Icon|B}} Bipedalism (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Facultative bipedalism
- {{Icon|C}} Quadrupedalism
- {{Icon|C}} Terrestrial locomotion
- {{Icon|Start}} Tripedalism
- {{Icon|Start}} Unipedalism
- {{Icon|B}} Flying and gliding animals
- {{Icon|GA}} Animal migration (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Bird migration
- {{Icon|C}} Animal sexual behaviour
- {{Icon|Start}} Copulation (zoology)
- {{Icon|Start}} Mating
- {{Icon|C}} Fight-or-flight response
- {{Icon|C}} Instinct (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Sociality (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Eusociality
- {{Icon|B}} Swarm behaviour
- {{Icon|Stub}} Flock (birds)
- {{Icon|Start}} Herd
{{Div col end}}
=Botany =
{{Vital article count|4}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|GA}} Botany (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Carnivorous plant (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Weed (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Plant pathology
{{Div col end}}
=Cell biology =
{{Vital article count|83}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
=Basics =
{{Vital article count|6}}
- {{Icon|C}} Cell biology (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Antibiotic sensitivity testing
- {{Icon|C}} Staining
- {{Icon|C}} Gram stain
- {{Icon|C}} Endospore staining
- {{Icon|C}} Ziehl–Neelsen stain
=Cell processes =
{{Vital article count|28}}
- {{Icon|C}} Cell death
- {{Icon|B}} Necrosis
- {{Icon|C}} Programmed cell death (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Apoptosis
- {{Icon|B}} Autophagy
- {{Icon|C}} Cell migration
- {{Icon|C}} Cell polarity
- {{Icon|B}} Cell signaling (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Cytokine
- {{Icon|B}} Ligand (biochemistry)
- {{Icon|B}} Receptor (biochemistry)
- {{Icon|B}} G protein-coupled receptor
- {{Icon|B}} Signal transduction
- {{Icon|C}} Biochemical cascade
- {{Icon|Start}} Second messenger system
- {{Icon|C}} Cellular differentiation
- {{Icon|Start}} Somatic cell
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Stem cell (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Embryonic stem cell
- {{Icon|C}} Hematopoietic stem cell
- {{Icon|C}} Membrane transport
- {{Icon|C}} Passive transport
- {{Icon|Start}} Facilitated diffusion
- {{Icon|C}} Active transport (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} ATPase
- {{Icon|C}} Endocytosis
- {{Icon|Start}} Exocytosis
- {{Icon|Start}} Protein targeting
=Cellular division =
{{Vital article count|6}}
- {{Icon|C}} Cell division
- {{Icon|B}} Cell cycle (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Fission (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Meiosis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Mitosis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Plasmid (Level 4)
=Cell parts =
{{Vital article count|17}}
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Cell (biology) (Level 2)
- {{Icon|C}} Cell junction
- {{Icon|C}} Biological membrane
- {{Icon|C}} Cell membrane (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Lipid bilayer
- {{Icon|C}} Membrane potential
- {{Icon|C}} Membrane protein
- {{Icon|C}} Cilium
- {{Icon|C}} Cytoplasm (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Cytosol
- {{Icon|C}} Cytoskeleton (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Microfilament
- {{Icon|B}} Actin
- {{Icon|C}} Myosin
- {{Icon|B}} Microtubule
- {{Icon|C}} Flagellum (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Symbiogenesis (Level 4)
=Organelles =
{{Vital article count|19}}
- {{Icon|B}} Organelle (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Endomembrane system
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Cell nucleus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Chromatin
- {{Icon|B}} Chromosome (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Nuclear envelope
- {{Icon|Start}} Nucleolus
- {{Icon|C}} Centriole (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Centrosome
- {{Icon|B}} Endoplasmic reticulum (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Golgi apparatus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Lysosome (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Mitochondrion (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Mitochondrial DNA
- {{Icon|B}} Peroxisome
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Proteasome
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Ribosome (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Vacuole (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
=Plant cells =
{{Vital article count|7}}
- {{Icon|C}} Plant cell (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Cell wall (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Chloroplast (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Chloroplast DNA
- {{Icon|B}} Thylakoid
- {{Icon|B}} Plastid (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Plasmodesma
{{Div col end}}
=Ecology =
{{Vital article count|65}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|GA}} Ecology (Level 2)
- {{Icon|C}} Autotroph
- {{Icon|C}} Biome (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Biodiversity (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Biodiversity loss
- {{Icon|Start}} Biogeography
- {{Icon|C}} Biogeographic realm
- {{Icon|C}} Bioindicator
- {{Icon|Start}} Biological dispersal
- {{Icon|C}} Seed dispersal
- {{Icon|C}} Biological interaction
- {{Icon|C}} Colony (biology)
- {{Icon|C}} Competition (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Symbiosis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Commensalism
- {{Icon|C}} Mutualism (biology)
- {{Icon|GA}} Parasitism (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Biological life cycle
- {{Icon|Start}} Biomagnification
- {{Icon|C}} Biosphere (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Carrying capacity
- {{Icon|Start}} Community (ecology)
- {{Icon|B}} Conservation biology
- {{Icon|C}} Detritivore
- {{Icon|Start}} Decomposer
- {{Icon|Start}} Biodegradation
- {{Icon|B}} Disturbance (ecology)
- {{Icon|C}} Ecological niche (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Niche construction
- {{Icon|C}} Ecological resilience
- {{Icon|Start}} Ecological succession
- {{Icon|B}} Ecosystem (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Ecosystem collapse
- {{Icon|Start}} Ecosystem model
- {{Icon|C}} Ecosystem service
- {{Icon|C}} Endangered species (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Endemism
- {{Icon|Start}} Energy flow (ecology)
- {{Icon|C}} Extinction (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Extremophile (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Food chain
- {{Icon|B}} Food web
- {{Icon|GA}} Habitat (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Habitat destruction
- {{Icon|C}} Habitat fragmentation
- {{Icon|Start}} Heterotroph
- {{Icon|Start}} Insular biogeography
- {{Icon|GA}} Invasive species (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Keystone species
- {{Icon|B}} Landscape ecology
- {{Icon|C}} Land change science
- {{Icon|B}} Lotka–Volterra equations
- {{Icon|Start}} Maternity den
- {{Icon|Start}} Microbial ecology
- {{Icon|GA}} Microbiome
- {{Icon|C}} Population (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Population growth
- {{Icon|B}} Primary production
- {{Icon|C}} r/K selection theory
- {{Icon|B}} Ecological restoration
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Sustainability (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Trophic cascade
- {{Icon|C}} Urban ecology
- {{Icon|B}} Wildlife conservation (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Wildlife
{{Div col end}}
=Genetics =
{{Vital article count|43}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|FA}} Genetics (Level 3)
- {{Icon|B}} Introduction to genetics
- {{Icon|GA}} {{Icon|FFA}} Gene (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Heredity (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Mendelian inheritance (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Allele
- {{Icon|C}} Dominance (genetics)
- {{Icon|Start}} Genotype
- {{Icon|C}} Penetrance
- {{Icon|C}} Phenotype
- {{Icon|C}} Zygosity
- {{Icon|C}} Ploidy
- {{Icon|C}} Sex-determination system
- {{Icon|Start}} Sex linkage
- {{Icon|B}} Genetic linkage
- {{Icon|Start}} Extranuclear inheritance
- {{Icon|B}} Mutation (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Chromosome abnormality
- {{Icon|Start}} Chromosomal translocation
- {{Icon|C}} Point mutation
- {{Icon|C}} Mutagen
- {{Icon|C}} Genetic recombination
- {{Icon|GA}} Homologous recombination
- {{Icon|C}} Horizontal gene transfer
- {{Icon|C}} Quantitative genetics
- {{Icon|C}} Heritability
- {{Icon|Start}} Reverse genetics
- {{Icon|C}} Molecular genetics
- {{Icon|C}} Genome
- {{Icon|B}} Genomics
- {{Icon|C}} {{Icon|DGA}} Human genome (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} DNA sequencing
- {{Icon|B}} Human Genome Project
- {{Icon|GA}} Metagenomics
- {{Icon|C}} Molecular evolution
- {{Icon|B}} Epigenetics (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Epigenomics
- {{Icon|Start}} Epigenome
- {{Icon|GA}} Hybrid (biology) (Level 4)
- {{Icon|C}} Heterosis
- {{Icon|C}} Inbreeding
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|DGA}} Eugenics
- {{Icon|Start}} Dysgenics
{{Div col end}}
=Evolutionary biology =
{{Vital article count|99}}
Basics
{{Vital article count|40}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
- {{Icon|C}} Evolutionary biology
- {{Icon|GA}} Evolutionary developmental biology
- {{Icon|Start}} Divergent evolution
- {{Icon|GA}} Convergent evolution
- {{Icon|Start}} Parallel evolution
- {{Icon|B}} Phylogenetic tree
- {{Icon|C}} Population genetics
- {{Icon|C}} Hardy–Weinberg principle
- {{Icon|GA}} {{Icon|FFAC}} Natural selection (Level 3)
- {{Icon|Start}} Gene flow
- {{Icon|C}} Genetic diversity
- {{Icon|GA}} Genetic drift (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Genetic admixture
- {{Icon|C}} Haplogroup
- {{Icon|C}} Founder effect
- {{Icon|C}} Population bottleneck
- {{Icon|C}} Sociobiology
- {{Icon|C}} Systematics
- {{Icon|GA}} Adaptation (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Coevolution
- {{Icon|B}} Fitness (biology)
- {{Icon|GA}} Homology (biology)
- {{Icon|GA}} Last universal common ancestor
- {{Icon|B}} Macroevolution
- {{Icon|C}} Microevolution
- {{Icon|C}} Reproductive isolation
- {{Icon|B}} Speciation
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of bacteria
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of birds
- {{Icon|Start}} Evolution of brachiopods
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of fish
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of fungi
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of insects
- {{Icon|B}} Evolution of mammals
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of molluscs
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of reptiles
- {{Icon|Start}} Evolution of spiders
- {{Icon|C}} Evolution of tetrapods
- {{Icon|B}} Evolutionary history of plants
- {{Icon|C}} Viral evolution
{{Div col end}}
Human evolution
{{Vital article count|59}}
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
=Human evolution: General=
{{Vital article count|3}}
- {{Icon|C}} Human evolution (Level 3)
- {{Icon|C}} Hominini
- {{Icon|Start}} Missing link (human evolution)
=Australopithecines =
{{Vital article count|23}}
- {{Icon|C}} Australopithecine
- {{Icon|C}} Graecopithecus
- {{Icon|B}} Sahelanthropus
- {{Icon|B}} Orrorin
- {{Icon|C}} Australopithecus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|B}} Australopithecus anamensis
- {{Icon|GA}} Australopithecus afarensis
- {{Icon|B}} Lucy (Australopithecus)
- {{Icon|GA}} Australopithecus africanus
- {{Icon|C}} Taung Child
- {{Icon|GA}} Australopithecus bahrelghazali
- {{Icon|GA}} Australopithecus deyiremeda
- {{Icon|GA}} Australopithecus garhi
- {{Icon|GA}} Australopithecus sediba
- {{Icon|B}} Ardipithecus
- {{Icon|C}} Ardipithecus kadabba
- {{Icon|GA}} Ardipithecus ramidus
- {{Icon|Start}} Ardi
- {{Icon|GA}} Kenyanthropus
- {{Icon|GA}} Paranthropus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Paranthropus aethiopicus
- {{Icon|GA}} Paranthropus boisei
- {{Icon|GA}} Paranthropus robustus
{{Col-break}}
=Homo =
{{Vital article count|33}}
- {{Icon|B}} Homo
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo ergaster
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Homo floresiensis
- {{Icon|C}} Homo gautengensis
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo habilis (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo luzonensis
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo rudolfensis
- {{Icon|C}} Penghu 1
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo erectus (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Dmanisi hominins
- {{Icon|GA}} Java Man
- {{Icon|GA}} Lantian Man
- {{Icon|C}} Nanjing Man
- {{Icon|GA}} Peking Man
- {{Icon|FA}} Solo Man
- {{Icon|GA}} Tautavel Man
- {{Icon|GA}} Yuanmou Man
- {{Icon|GA}} Denisovan (Level 4)
- {{Icon|FA}} Homo antecessor
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo longi
- {{Icon|Start}} Ceprano Man
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo heidelbergensis
- {{Icon|GA}} Homo naledi
- {{Icon|GA}} Neanderthal (Level 4)
- {{Icon|Start}} Homo rhodesiensis
- {{Icon|B}} Early modern human
- {{Icon|GA}} Cro-Magnon (Level 4)
- {{Icon|GA}} Herto Man
- {{Icon|C}} Manot 1
- {{Icon|Start}} Red Deer Cave people
- {{Icon|B}} {{Icon|FFA}} Mitochondrial Eve
- {{Icon|C}} Y-chromosomal Adam
- {{Icon|B}} Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
{{Col-end}}
{{Core topics}}