Wilkesia gymnoxiphium

{{Short description|Species of plant}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Wilkesia gymnoxiphium2.jpg

| image_caption = Wilkesia gymnoxiphium growing near Waimea Canyon

| status = EN

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Wolkis, D. |date=2018 |title=Wilkesia gymnoxiphium |volume=2018 |page=e.T97910910A97911062 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T97910910A97911062.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}

| genus = Wilkesia

| species = gymnoxiphium

| authority = A.Gray, 1852{{GRIN | accessdate=2009-10-31}}

}}

Wilkesia gymnoxiphium (Hawaiian iliau), is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is endemic to the island of Kaua{{Okina}}i in Hawai{{Okina}}i. It is classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List.{{Cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/97910910/97911062|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-23}} Wilkesia is one of three genera, with Argyroxiphium (silverswords and greenswords) and Dubautia (a larger group with many varied species) that are believed to be descendant from a single species related to the North American tarweed.{{cite book|last=Carlquist

|first=Sherwin|title=Hawaii, a natural history: geology, climate, native flora and fauna above the shoreline|publisher=Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden|location=Lawai|year=1980|pages=250–266}} The members of these three genera constitute what is called the silversword alliance, a group whose exceedingly close genetic heritage is not reflected in their exceptionally diverse morphologies.{{cite web|title= Adaptive Radiation and Hybridization in the Hawaiian Silversword Alliance |url= http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/habit.htm |publisher=University of Hawaii Botany Department|access-date=December 8, 2009}}