William Chapple (New Zealand politician)

{{Infobox officeholder

|honorific-prefix =

|name = William Chapple

|honorific-suffix =

|image = William Allan Chapple, 1908.jpg

|imagesize =

|alt =

|caption = William Chapple in 1908

|constituency_MP = Tuapeka

|parliament = New Zealand

|term_start = 5 June 1908

|term_end = 29 October 1908

|predecessor = James Bennet

|successor = Robert Scott

|majority =

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|birth_date = 14 July 1864

|birth_place = Alexandra, New Zealand

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1936|10|19|1864|07|14|df=yes}}

|death_place = Paddington, England

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|spouse = Sarah Douglas Chapple

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}}{{Eugenics sidebar|activists}}

William Allan Chapple (14 July 1864 – 19 October 1936){{rayment-hc|d|4|date=March 2012}} was a member of both the New Zealand House of Representatives and the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

Early life

Chapple was born in Alexandra in Central Otago, New Zealand.{{cite web |title=William Allan CHAPPLE |url=https://www.ccdhb.org.nz/about-us/history/wellington-hospital-smo-archive/appointments-made/1881-1900/physicians/chapple-william-a/ |access-date=8 February 2012 |publisher=Capital & Coast District Health Board}} His parents were the farmer John Cole Chapple and Elizabeth McEwan Chapple (née AllanNote that the source spells her maiden name 'Allen', but given that sons commonly adopted their mother's maiden name at that time, the spelling is presumably a mistake).{{cite web|title=Marriages Solemnized at St Johns Presbyterian Church, Willis St, Wellington|url= http://www.stjohnsinthecity.org.nz/about/documents/MarriagesatStJohns1890-1892.doc |publisher=St Johns Presbyterian Church|access-date=8 February 2012}} He received his early education at Alexandra Primary School. He commenced a medical degree at Otago University and in 1888 went to King's College Hospital for one year. He returned to Otago in the following year to complete his degree, and graduated in 1890 with MB ChB.{{cite web|last=Philson|first=Marianne|title=UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO - LIST OF GRADUATES FOR THE PERIOD CIRCA 1870 - 1919 (A-G)|url= http://www.reocities.com/wlorac/nzotago1.txt |access-date=8 February 2012|location=Auckland|date=29 October 1993}} He was first registered as a medical professional on 10 May 1890 and went to Motueka, where he became Public Vaccinator and Native Medical Attendant for the Nelson district.{{cite book |title=The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District |year=1897 |url= http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc01Cycl-t1-body-d4-d27-d1.html#name-036648-mention |publisher=The Cyclopedia of New Zealand |author=Cyclopedia Company Limited |access-date= 7 February 2012 |location=Wellington |chapter=Physicians and Surgeons}} He became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1897, became MRCP&S in Ireland in 1897 and obtained further qualifications in Dublin (Dip State Med, DPH). He obtained his Doctor of Medicine (MD) from Otago University in 1899.

Chapple married Sarah Douglas Turnbull on 1 January 1891 at St Johns Presbyterian Church in Willis Street, Wellington. His wife, five years younger than him, was born in San Francisco. Her father was the Wellington architect Thomas Turnbull. At the time, Chapple was still living in Motueka, but later that year, his father-in-law designed him a large house to be built on the corner of Willis and Dixon Streets in Wellington.{{cite web |title=Residence, Willis Street for Dr Chapple |url= http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Residence,_Willis_Street_for_Dr_Chapple_02.jpg |publisher=National Library of New Zealand|access-date=8 February 2012}} He moved to Wellington in 1892, where he continued to practice medicine. He was interested in issues of education and was a philanthropist. He was the president of the Wellington Swimming Club. He served on the Victoria College Council (these days the Victoria University of Wellington) until 1907.

Member of Parliament

{{NZ parlbox

|start={{By-election link year|Tuapeka|1908}}

|end=

|term=16th

|electorate={{NZ electorate link|Tuapeka}}

|party=Independent Liberal

}}

Chapple was associated with the New Zealand Liberal Party.{{Cite book |last=Hamer |first=David A. |author-link=D. A. Hamer |title=The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891–1912 |year=1988 |place=Auckland |publisher=Auckland University Press |isbn=1-86940-014-3 |oclc=18420103 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newzealandlibera0000hame |page=362 }} He unsuccessfully stood as an Independent Liberal against William Henry Peter Barber in the Newtown electorate in the 1902 and 1905 general elections.{{cite book

|last=Whitcher

|first=G.F.

|author-link=

|title= The New Liberal Party 1905

|edition=

|year=1966

|publisher=MA Thesis-University of Canterbury

|location=Christchurch

|id=

|page=267

}}{{cite web|title=The General Election, 1902 |url= https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1903-I.2.3.2.48 |publisher=National Library|access-date=8 February 2012|page=2|year=1903}}

William Chapple represented the Tuapeka electorate in the New Zealand House of Representatives from June to October 1908 after a by-election, but was defeated in the 1908 general election by Robert Scott.{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |orig-year= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher=V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc=154283103 |page=188}}

Later, Chapple was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons at Westminster. He represented Stirlingshire from January 1910 until the constituency was abolished at the 1918 general election.{{cite book

|last=Craig

|first=F. W. S.

|author-link= F. W. S. Craig

|title=British parliamentary election results 1885–1918

|orig-year=1974

|edition= 2nd

|year=1989

|publisher=Parliamentary Research Services

|location=Chichester

|isbn= 0-900178-27-2

|page=561

}} On the reorganisation of constituencies in 1918, he was unsuccessful in Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire,{{cite book

|last=Craig

|first=F. W. S.

|author-link= F. W. S. Craig

|title=British parliamentary election results 1918–1949

|orig-year=1969

|edition= 3rd

|year=1983

|publisher=Parliamentary Research Services

|location=Chichester

|isbn= 0-900178-06-X

|pages=647, 621

}} but returned at the 1922 general election as MP for Dumfriesshire, holding that seat until his defeat at the 1924 general election.

Later life

Chapple strongly advocated Eugenics.[https://www.jstor.org/pss/4027015 "The rhetoric of eugenics: expert authority and the Mental Deficiency Bill", BJHS, 1991, 24, 45-60][https://books.google.com/books?id=M7bpqZp3yiMC Eugenics and Politics in Britain, 1900-1914 by Geoffrey Russell Searle] {{ISBN|90-286-0236-4}} He was the author of Fertility of the Unfit, in which he advocated enforced sterilization in certain cases.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95848243 |title=The Recorder |work=The Recorder (Port Pirie) |issue=9,108 |location=South Australia |date=20 July 1928 |access-date=11 May 2016 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} He also published How to Impress the Evils of Alcohol, First Principles in the Art of Physical Development and Cases and Comments from a Doctor's Practice.

In 1912, Chapple made large investments in property in the Canadian city of Vancouver.{{cite news |title=News Epitomised |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ST19121030.2.20 |access-date=1 January 2019 |work=The Southland Times |issue=17182 |date=30 October 1912 |page=5}}

Chapple died on 19 October 1936 in Paddington, London.