William Leslie (British Army officer)
{{Short description|British army officer (1751–1777)}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= William Leslie
|birth_date= {{Birth date|df=yes|1751|08|08}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|1777|01|03|1751|08|08}}
|birth_place= Fife, Scotland
|death_place= Princeton, New Jersey, United States
|placeofburial=St. Paul's Lutheran Church graveyard
Pluckemin, New Jersey, United States
|image= William Leslie (1751-1777), by British School of the 18th century.jpg
|caption= Miniature portrait, {{circa|1780}}
|allegiance= {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
|branch= British Army
|serviceyears=
|rank= Captain
|commands=
|unit=
|battles=American War of Independence
}}
The Honourable William Leslie (8 August 1751 – 3 January 1777) was a British nobleman and soldier. He was the second son of the Earl of Leven and Melville from Scotland and a captain in the 17th Foot of the British Army during the American War of Independence. He was mortally wounded during the Battle of Princeton and buried with military honours by American General George Washington at Pluckemin, New Jersey.
Early life
Leslie was born on 8 August 1751 to David Leslie, 6th Earl of Leven and Wilhelmina Nisbet.{{sfnp|Fraser|1890|pp=350–351}} He was the nephew of General Alexander Leslie.{{sfnp|Fischer|2006|p=311}}
During the summer of 1767, he became a friend of Benjamin Rush, who was then studying medicine at University of Edinburgh and had visited the estate of the Earl of Leven.{{sfnp|Fischer|2006|p=311}}{{sfnp|Hawke|1971|p=51}}
Military career
In 1771, he joined the 42nd Highlanders; then switched to the 17th Foot and was promoted to lieutenant in 1773, and to captain in 1776.{{sfnp|Fraser|1890|pp=350–351}} Sent to America in 1776, he served in the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of Fort Washington.{{sfnp|Fraser|1890|pp=350–351}}
Leslie was one of many who died during the Battle of Princeton on 3 January 1777.{{sfnp|Fischer|2006|p=331}} According to Lieutenant William Armstrong of the 17th Regiment, Leslie "fell in the first fire."{{sfnp|Cohen|1990|p=74}} Surgeon Andrew Wardrop, also of the 17th, stated that "no sooner [he'd] received the shots than he instantly expired without a groan." The British put his body in a wagon that was later taken by the Americans, Leslie's body was identified by General Thomas Mifflin.{{sfnp|Cohen|1990|p=74}} The following day his friend Benjamin Rush learned of Leslie's death from British Captain John McPherson while treating the wounded at Princeton.{{sfnp|Hawke|1971|p=180}} On 5 January at Pluckemin, General George Washington ordered military honors for the burial when he learned Leslie was a friend of Rush.{{sfnp|Hawke|1971|p=180}}{{cite book|title=Diary of Captain Thomas Rodney|publisher=Historical Society of Delaware|date=1776–1777|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diarycaptaintho00rodngoog/page/n50 39]–40|url=https://archive.org/details/diarycaptaintho00rodngoog|last1=Rodney|first1=Thomas}} The gravestone is in the graveyard of the former St. Paul's Lutheran Church (built 1757), where the Pluckemin Presbyterian Church is now located.{{cite web| url={{NRHP url|id=82003303}}| title=NRHP Nomination: Pluckemin Village Historic District|last1=Ashton|first1=Charles H.|date=26 July 1982|page=17| publisher=National Park Service}}
Legacy
In The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777, the painter John Trumbull displays several events of the battle. At the centre, General Hugh Mercer, with his dead horse beneath him, is mortally wounded. At the left, Captain Daniel Neil{{sfnp|Fischer|2006|p=333}} is bayoneted against a cannon. At the right, Leslie is shown mortally wounded. In the background, Washington and Rush enter the scene.{{cite web|title=The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 (Descriptive data)|url=http://search.openlibrary.artstor.org/object/AYALEARTIG_10312577019|publisher=Yale University Art Gallery}}
After the war, Dr. Benjamin Rush placed a gravestone in Leslie's memory at the Pluckemin graveyard. As the original had crumbled, a replacement with the same inscription was erected {{circa|1836}} by Professor Ogilby of Rutgers University{{cite book|editor1-last=Honeyman|editor1-first=A. Van Doren|title=Somerset County Historical Quarterly|chapter=The Leslie Tombstone at Pluckemin|year=1919|pages=230–1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUMVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA230|volume=8|number=3}} at the request of David Leslie-Melville, 8th Earl of Leven.{{sfnp|Fraser|1890|pp=350–351}} His gravestone is honoured by both British and Scottish flags.
| {{center| In Memory of the Hon.{{smallsup|ble}} Capt.{{smallsup|n}} WILL.{{smallsup|M}} LESLIE, of the 17th British Regiment, Son of the Earl of Leven, in Scotland. He fell Jan.{{smallsup|y}} 3.{{smallsup|d}}, 1777 Aged 26 years, at the battle of Princeton His friend, Benj. Rush, M.D., of Philadelphia hath caused this Stone to be erected as a mark of his esteem for his {{small-caps|worth}} and of his respect for his noble family |
Gallery
File:The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton January 3 1777.jpeg| The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 by John Trumbull, with Leslie, shown on the right, mortally wounded
File:William Leslie Gravestone, Pluckemin, NJ.jpg|Leslie gravestone at Pluckemin, New Jersey
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|authorlink=David Hackett Fischer|title=Washington's Crossing |title-link=Washington's Crossing (book)|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-517034-2}}
- {{cite book|last=Fraser|first=William|title=The Melvilles, Earls of Melville, and the Leslies, Earls of Leven|url=https://archive.org/details/melvillesearlsv100fras|year=1890|chapter=Hon. William Leslie|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/melvillesearlsv100fras/page/350|volume=First–Memoirs|hdl=2027/mdp.39015035548141}}
- {{cite book|last=Hawke|first=David Freeman|title=Benjamin Rush: Revolutionary Gadfly|publisher=Ardent Media|year=1971|url=https://archive.org/details/benjaminrushrevo0000hawk|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/benjaminrushrevo0000hawk/page/180 180]}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Sheldon S |title=Captain William Leslie's Paths of Glory |journal=New Jersey History |date=1990 |volume=108 |issue=Spring/Summer 1990|pages=54-81}}
External links
- {{cite web|title=Pluckemin Cemetery Captain William Leslie's Grave |url=http://www.revolutionarynj.org/road-to-morristown/1320415467f0ad4dd6b8f0cf5e9e2a96de8d60a446/|publisher=Crossroads of the American Revolution}}
- {{cite web|title=Captain William Leslie|url=http://www.silverwhistle.co.uk/lobsters/will_leslie.html|publisher=The Silver Whistle}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leslie, William}}
Category:Military personnel from Fife
Category:British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Category:Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers
Category:British military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War