William Vandever

{{Infobox military person

|name= William Vandever

|birth_date= {{birth date|1817|3|31}}

|death_date= {{death date and age|1893|7|24|1817|3|31}}

|birth_place= Baltimore, Maryland

|death_place= Ventura, California

|placeofburial= Ventura Cemetery, Ventura, California

|placeofburial_label= Place of burial

|image= File:William Vandever - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg

|image_size=

|caption= William Vandever

|allegiance= United States of America
Union

|branch= United States Army
Union Army

|serviceyears=

|rank= 35px Brevet Major General

|commands=

|unit=

|battles=American Civil War

|awards=

|laterwork=

}}

William Vandever (March 31, 1817 – July 23, 1893) was a United States representative from Iowa and later from California, and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Biography

=Early life=

Vandever was born in Baltimore, Maryland, where he attended the common schools and pursued an academic course. He moved to Illinois in 1839 and to Iowa in 1851. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Dubuque, Iowa. He was of Dutch descent.{{Cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Douglas|date=2014-01-01|title=William Vandever: Presbyterian, Congressman, General|url=https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/history_faculty/5|journal=Faculty Publications|access-date=2020-01-30|archive-date=2022-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703063133/https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/history_faculty/5/|url-status=live}}

= Congress =

In 1858 he was elected as a Republican to represent Iowa's 2nd congressional district in the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was re-elected in 1860 to represent it in the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was a member of the peace conference of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending war.

=Civil War=

In 1861, Vandever was mustered into the Union Army as colonel of the 9th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He commanded the 2nd Brigade in Eugene A. Carr's 4th Division at the battle of Pea Ridge. He was promoted to brigadier general of Volunteers on November 29, 1862, and sent to command a brigade in the XIII Corps of the Army of the Tennessee. He returned to the Trans-Mississippi Theater to command the 2nd Division in the Army of the Frontier at the Battle of Chalk Bluff. He reverted to brigade command under Francis J. Herron during the siege of Vicksburg. He returned to Iowa as a recruiting officer in January 1864. He joined up with William T. Sherman's army in command of the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XVI Corps and fought at the battles of Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Ezra Church. He commanded the Post of Marietta during the fall of 1864 then rejoined Sherman's army in command of the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, XIV Corps and fought at the battle of Bentonville. He was brevetted to major general in 1865.

= Congressional vacancy =

Although his official congressional biography states that Vandever only served in Congress until September 24, 1861 (early in his second term), he never resigned his seat. Iowa's only other congressional seat (in the First District) was vacant from August 4 to October 8, 1861, because Representative Samuel Curtis had resigned his seat after receiving command of the 2nd Iowa Infantry, so for a time Iowa was effectively unrepresented in the U.S. House. In May 1862, Democratic Congressman George H. Browne of Rhode Island raised a challenge to the constitutionality of Vandever holding a military commission and commanding a regiment while remaining a member of Congress, but consideration by the House on that issue was deferred until December 1862."[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1862/05/09/78688269.pdf House of Representatives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222139/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1862/05/09/78688269.pdf |date=2021-11-04 }}," New York Times, 1862-05-09 at p. 5. On March 4, 1863, the day after Vandever's second House term ended, his appointment as a brigadier general was confirmed by the Senate."[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1863/04/05/80279841.pdf The New Generals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105042110/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1863/04/05/80279841.pdf |date=2021-11-05 }}," New York Times, 1863-04-05 at p. 5.

= Later life =

He resumed the practice of law in Dubuque and was appointed United States Indian inspector by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1873, and served until 1877. Vandever moved to San Buenaventura, California in 1884. He was elected as a Republican to represent California's 6th congressional district in the House in the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891). At the time, the Sixth District included more than half of the area of the state, extending from San Diego County to Mono County. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1890.