William White (architect)

File:WilliamWhiteFSA.JPG

William White, FSA (15 May 1825 – 1900) was an English architect, noted for his part in 19th-century Gothic Revival architecture and church restorations.

William White was born in Blakesley, Northamptonshire, England on 15 May 1825.https://architecture.arthistoryresearch.net/architects/white-william#:~:text=William%20White%20was%20born%20in,Warwick%20from%201840%20to%201845. He was the son of a clergyman, and great nephew of the writer and naturalist Gilbert White of Selborne. After a five-year apprenticeship in Leamington Spa he moved to London as an improver in George Gilbert Scott's practice, where he remained for two years before setting up his own practice in Truro, Cornwall in 1847. In 1851 he returned to London and worked out of Wimpole Street. His style was close to that of William Butterfield and he built many churches.

Works

= Cornwall =

File:The disused church of St Michael and All Angels, Baldhu - geograph.org.uk - 69096.jpg, Baldhu]]

St Michael's parish church, Baldhu (new build), 1848{{sfn|Hunter|2010|p=}}
Maryfield House, Antony, near Torpoint (school, house and vicarage), 1848{{NHLE |num=1159513 |desc=Maryfield House |access-date=3 November 2005}}
Bank and Solicitors Offices, Truro (new commercial premises for the Cornish Bank and solicitors offices), 1849.{{sfn|Hunter|2010|p=}} Now Charlotte's Tea House and Pizza Express.
St Gerrent, Gerrans (rebuild apart from tower and spire), 1850{{sfn|Hunter|2010|p=}}
St Felicitas and St Piala's Church, Phillack, 1856–1857
St Philip and St James parish church, Antony, near Torpoint
House at Lower Town, Colan, Mountjoy, circa 1875
St Peter's parish church, Mithian, near St Agnes, 1861
Bank House, at St Columb Major, circa 1857{{NHLE |num=1144073 |desc=Bank House |fewer-links=yes |access-date=3 November 2005}}
House at Denzell, near St Columb Major
The Old Rectory, St Columb Major{{NHLE |num=1144096 |desc=St Columb Major Rectory |fewer-links=yes |access-date=3 November 2005}}
Penmellyn House, St Columb Major
Rosemellyn House, St Columb Major, 1871{{NHLE |num=1144095 |desc=Rosemellyn House |fewer-links=yes |access-date=3 November 2005}}
St Hilary's parish church, rebuilt on the old foundations in 1855
Rectory for Canon Reginald Hobhouse at St Ive, 1852–54{{NHLE |num=1137118 |desc=St Ive Rectory |fewer-links=yes |access-date=3 November 2005}}
St Moren parish church, Lamorran, 1845, restoration{{sfn|Hunter|2010|p=}}
St Petroc's parish church, Little Petherick, 1858{{NHLE |num=1212675 |desc=Little Petherick Church |fewer-links=yes |access-date=3 November 2005}}
St Peter's parish church, Mithian, 1861
Trewan Hall, alterations and additions, 1870

= Devon =

File:The tower of The Holy Trinity Church, Barnstaple - geograph.org.uk - 1576926.jpg]]

Bishop's Court, Sowton. This former bishop's palace was remodelled in the 1860s and is considered by English Heritage{{National Heritage List for England |num=1097577 |desc=Bishop's Court |access-date=28 June 2013}} to be one of White's most important domestic buildings; he carefully designed the fittings and much of the furniture, with exceptional attention to detail, specifically for the house.{{cite web |url= https://www.angelfire.com/on/bishopstock/history.html |title=Bishops Court - About the House |publisher=Angelfire.com |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Michael's parish church, Clyst Honiton
St Nicholas & St Giles parish church, Sidmouth
Holy Trinity parish church, Barnstaple, 1867
St Mary's parish church, Upton Pyne, alterations 1874–75{{NHLE |num=1334009 |desc=Church of St Mary |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Michael and All Angels parish church, Cadbury, Devon, restoration in 1857{{NHLE |num=1261589 |desc=Church of St Michael and All Angels |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St John the Baptist parish church, Instow, restored 1872–73{{NHLE |num=1107600 |desc=Church of St John the Baptist, Rectory Lane |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Peter's parish church, Shirwell, heavily restored 1880s{{NHLE |num=1107134 |desc=Church of St Peter |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
Holy Trinity parish church, West Down, restored 1874{{NHLE |num=1366233 |desc=Church of Holy Trinity, Churchpool |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
Dartington Hall, South Hams, remodelled and extended again in about 1860{{NHLE |num=1219732 |desc=Old Postern, Dartington, South Hams, Devon |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
Winscott House, Peters Marland, 1865, for John Curzon Moore-Stevens, Esq.{{sfn|Lauder|2005|pp=54–55}}
St Peter's parish church, Peters Marland, 1865, financed by John Curzon Moore-Stevens, Esq., of Winscott House. Rebuilding of nave and chancel, ancient tower unaltered.{{sfn|Lauder|2005|pp=54–55}}

= Essex =

St Giles parish church, Great Maplestead
St Laurence and All Saints Church, Eastwood, restoration, 1873–75{{cite web |title=The impact of the proposed expansion of Southend Airport on nearby parish churches |url= http://www.churchcare.co.uk/pdf_view.php?id=55 |work=The impact of airport expansion proposals on parish churches |publisher=Church Buildings Council of the Church of England |access-date=16 January 2011 |pages=53–59|date=July 2009}}

= Hampshire =

Christ Church, Freemantle, Southampton, consecrated 1865{{cite web|url=http://www.hants.gov.uk/christ-church-freemantle/history.html |title=Christ Church, Freemantle, Southampton |publisher=Hampshire County Council |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Mark's parish church, Woolston, consecrated 17 November 1863
St Mary's parish church, Selborne, restoration, 1856{{cite web |url= http://www.astoft.co.uk/selbornechurch.htm |title=Selborne, Hampshire - St Mary's Church |work=The Astoft Collection of Buildings of England |publisher=Astoft |year=2001 |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Michael and All Angels church, Lyndhurst, between 1890 and 1892{{cite web |url=http://www.southernlife.org.uk/lyndchur.htm |title=lyndchur |publisher=Southernlife.org.uk |access-date=16 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517094152/http://www.southernlife.org.uk/lyndchur.htm |archive-date=17 May 2011}}

=Lincolnshire=

File:Heydour House - geograph.org.uk - 139860.jpg

Heydour. The Old Vicarage, 1857. Nikolaus Pevsner: "Picturesque and asymmetrical, varied roof lines, tile hung gables and pointed arches picked out in red brick".Pevsner N and Harvey J , 2nd Ed. revised Antram N (1989) Buildings of England:Lincolnshire Yale pg 381. The vicarage is a precursor to the Queen Anne style of architecture.

= London =

File:St Mark's, Battersea Rise Church - Diliff.jpg

St Mark's parish church, Battersea Rise, 1872–74{{NHLE |num=1065551 |desc=Church of St Mark, Battersea Rise, SW11 |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Saviour's parish church, Aberdeen Park, Islington, 1865–66{{NHLE |num=1195443 |desc=Church of St Saviour, Aberdeen Park |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
All Saints parish church, Kensington{{NHLE |num=1080701 |desc=All Saints Church, Clydesdale Road W11 |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
Forest School Chapel, College Place, Waltham Forest, built 1857 and enlarged 1875
St Michael's parish church, Wandsworth Common, 1881{{NHLE |num=1183811 |desc=Church of St Michael, Cobham Close SW11 |fewer-links=yes |access-date=16 January 2011}}
St Dionis Vicarage, 18 Parsons Green, Fulham, 1898–99{{National Heritage List for England |num=1412867 |desc=St Dionis Vicarage |fewer-links=yes |access-date=7 September 2014}}

= Oxfordshire =

All Saints parish church, Mollington, restoration, 1856{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=711}}
St James parish church, Claydon, restoration, 1860{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=548}}
St Lawrence's parsonage, Milcombe, 1861–62{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=705}}
All Saints parish church, Great Bourton, almost completely rebuilt, 1863{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=617}}
Holy Trinity Vicarage, Finstock, 1864{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=605}}
St Giles parish church, Wigginton, restoration of chancel and south aisle, 1870{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=842}}{{National Heritage List for England |num=1052175 |desc=Church of Saint Giles, Main Street |fewer-links=yes |access-date=28 June 2013}}
Belfried gate tower for All Saints parish church, Great Bourton, 1882{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=617}}

= Surrey =

St John the Divine parish church, Felbridge, 1865{{sfn|Nairn|Pevsner|Cherry|1971|p=244}}
St John's Vicarage, Felbridge{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}

= Sussex =

St Mary the Virgin parish church, Littlehampton, West Sussex, new chancel and restoration, 1899{{sfn|Elleray |2004|p=39}}
St Peter and St Paul parish church, West Wittering, West Sussex{{National Heritage List for England |num=1354665 |desc=The Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul |grade=I |fewer-links=yes |access-date=28 June 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://www.sussexparishchurches.org/content/view/462/33/ |title=Littlehampton - St Mary |publisher=sussexparishchurches.org |date=April 2013 |access-date=28 June 2013}}

= Wiltshire =

St Michael's church, Axford, 1856{{cite web|title=Church of St. Michael, Axford, Ramsbury|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Church/Details/847|access-date=28 November 2019|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council}}
School and master's house, Chute, 1857–8 (now village hall){{National Heritage List for England|num=1067556|desc=Village School and Master's House|access-date=20 December 2020|fewer-links=yes}}
St Michael the Archangel, Brixton Deverill, refenestrated and chancel extended, 1862{{Cite book |last1=Orbach |first1=Julian |title=Wiltshire |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |last3=Cherry |first3=Bridget |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-300-25120-3 |series=The Buildings Of England |location=New Haven, US and London |pages=183–184 |oclc=1201298091 |author-link2=Nikolaus Pevsner |author-link3=Bridget Cherry}}
Church of the Holy Saviour, Westbury Leigh: nave and chancel 1876–7; south aisle, 1888–9; tower, 1899{{National Heritage List for England|num=1036321|desc=Church of the Holy Saviour|access-date=20 December 2020|fewer-links=yes}}

= Other counties of England =

Holy Innocents parish church, Adisham, Kent, restoration, 1869
Quy Hall, Stow-cum-Quy, Cambridgeshire, rebuilding, 1869–71
St. James and St. John parish church, Derwent, Derbyshire
Holy Trinity parish church, Elvington, York, East Riding of Yorkshire, 1876–77{{sfn|Baggs|Kent|Purdy|1976|pp=12–17}}
Holy Cross & St. Mary's parish church, Quainton, Buckinghamshire, 1877
St Leonard's parish church, Sandridge, Hertfordshire, comprehensive restoration, 1886–87{{cite book |last=Nutton |first=V |year=2009 |title=St Leonard's Church Sandridge, A Tour of the Building and its History }}{{page needed|date=June 2013}}
Stained glass in Holy Trinity, Touchen End, Berkshire
The Old Vicarage, Irton, Holmrook, Cumbria, 1864

= Ireland =

Humewood Castle, Wicklow Mountains, Ireland {{efn|Professor Mark Girouard acknowledges Humewood as "the finest and most important 19th century castellated mansion in Ireland"{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} }}

= South Africa =

St, Batholomew's Church,{{sfn|Demissie|2012|p=257}} Grahamstown
Armstrong House and Espin House, St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown{{sfn|Poland|2018|p=20}}

= Madagascar =

St. Lawrence Anglican Cathedral Ambohimanoro,{{Cite web|url=http://madagascar-destination.mg/voyage-madagascar/monuments-touristiques/cathedrale-saint-laurent-ambohimanoro.html|title=Madagascar Destination - Cathedrale Saint Laurent Ambohimanoro|website=madagascar-destination.mg|access-date=2018-01-09}} Antananarivo

White's contemporaries in the Gothic Revival

Notes and references

{{cite book |editor-last=Allison |editor-first=K.J.|last1=Baggs |first1=A.P. |last2=Kent |first2=G.H.R. |last3=Purdy |first3=J.D. |year=1976 |chapter=Elvington |title=A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 3: Ouse and Derwent wapentake, and part of Harthill wapentake |work=Victoria County History |pages=12–17 |url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22997 |access-date=2011-01-16}}
{{cite book|last=Demissie|first=Fassil|title=Colonial Architecture and Urbanism in Africa: Intertwined and Contested Histories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwewUdsdQx8C&pg=PA257|year=2012|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-7512-9}}
{{Cite book |last=Elleray |first=D. Robert |year=2004 |title=Sussex Places of Worship |location=Worthing |publisher=Optimus Books |isbn=0-9533132-7-1 |page=39}}
{{cite book |last=Girouard |first=Mark |title=The Victorian Country House |year=1979 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0-300-03472-5 }}{{page needed|date=June 2013}}
{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Gill |title=William White: Pioneer Victorian Architect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqfnSgAACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Spire|isbn=978-1-904965-26-8}}
{{cite book|last=Lauder|first=Rosemary |title=Vanished Houses of North Devon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hp5EnwEACAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Winscott House|location=Tiverton|isbn=978-0-9528645-2-3}}
{{cite book |last1=Nairn|first1=Ian |author1-link=Ian Nairn |last2=Pevsner|first2=Nikolaus |author2-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |last3=Cherry |first3=Bridget (revision) |series=The Buildings of England |title=Surrey |orig-year=1962 |year=1971 |edition=2nd |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Harmondsworth |id=SBN 14-071021-3 |page=244}}
{{cite book|last=Poland|first=Marguerite|author-link=Marguerite Poland|title=The St Andrew's College Chapel - A history: 1855 - 2018|date=2018|publisher= St Andrew's College|location=Grahamstown}}
{{cite book |last1=Sherwood |first1=Jennifer |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |author-link2=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=The Buildings of England |title=Oxfordshire |year=1974 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Harmondsworth |isbn=0-14-071045-0 }}

Category:1825 births

Category:1900 deaths

Category:19th-century English architects

Category:English ecclesiastical architects

Category:Gothic Revival architects

Category:Architects from Warwickshire