William de Berkeley, 1st Marquess of Berkeley

William of Berkley was born to James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley, and Lady Isabel Mowbray{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p1695.htm#i16949 |title= Lady Isabel Mowbray |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}} at Berkeley Castle{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/pd76.htm#i5169 |title= pd76.htm#i5169 |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}} in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, in 1426.{{harvnb|Lundy|2011|p=2795}} cites {{harvnb|Cokayne|2000|p=133}}. His first marriage was in 1466 to Elizabeth West,{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p4171.htm#i41707 |title=Elizabeth West |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}} daughter of Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, but he obtained a divorce on 20 November 1467.{{harvnb|Lundy|2011|p=2795}} cites {{harvnb|Cokayne|2000|p=134}}. In November 1468, he married Joan Strangeways,{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p12965.htm#i129641 |title= Joan Strangeways |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}} daughter of Sir Thomas Strangeways and Lady Katherine Neville. After the death of his second wife, he married Anne Fiennes,{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p12965.htm#i129643 |title= Anne Fiennes |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}} sister of Thomas Fiennes, 8th Baron Dacre, in {{circa|1486}}.

William was invested as a knight {{circa|1438}}. William assumed the title of Baron Berkeley by writ after the death of his father James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley on 22 October 1463.Burke, Bernard. A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire. London: Harrison, 1866. (p. 44) [https://books.google.com/books?id=1ysWkXKSrpIC&pg=PA44&dq=James+Berkeley,+1st+Baron+Berkeley#PPA45,M1 googlebooks.com] Accessed 7 July 2007

He was invested as a Knight Bachelor on 18 April 1475. He was styled as Viscount of Catherlough (now known as County Carlow, Ireland) between 1481 and 10 February 1485.Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 1, page 348.

William was created Viscount Berkeley on 21 April 1481, as a Privy Counsellor (PC) on 5 March 1482/83, and as Earl of Nottingham on 28 June 1483. He assumed the life office of Earl Marshal and Great Marshal of England on 19 February 1485/86. Finally, he was created Marquess of Berkeley on 28 January 1488/89.

He had no surviving male issue, thus the marquessate and his other non-inherited titles became extinct on his death, but he had a younger brother, Maurice Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley. He disinherited Maurice, as having brought shame on the noble House of Berkeley by marrying, beneath his status, to Isabel Mead, daughter of Philip Mead of Wraxall, an alderman and mayor of Bristol in 1459, 1462 and 1469.{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Council-Democracy/Democracy-Elections/mayors-of-bristol-since-1216.en|title=Mayors of Bristol since 1216|publisher=Bristol City Council|access-date=6 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010175605/http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Council-Democracy/Democracy-Elections/mayors-of-bristol-since-1216.en|archive-date=10 October 2009}}

In order to achieve this, the castle, lands and lordships composing the Barony of Berkeley he settled on King Henry VII and his heirs male, failing which to descend to his own rightful heirs. Thus, in 1553 on the death of King Edward VI, the unmarried grandson of Henry VII, the Berkeley inheritance returned to the family. Therefore, on the death of the 1st Marquis, only the de jure barony title was passed on to his younger brother Maurice, that is to say, he was Baron Berkeley by right, if not actually in possession of the baronial property. The 4th, 5th and 6th barons were also de jure only, with Henry (d. 1613) becoming de facto 7th Baron in 1553.Debrett's Peerage 1968, p. 139, Berkeley, Baroness, Predecessors

On 20 March 1469/70, he was challenged by Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle, to settle the claims to his great-uncle Thomas's estates by combat. Thomas was killed in the combat. The battle, known as the Battle of Nibley Green, is notable for being the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates.{{sfn|Cooke|loc=Chapter V}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• {{cite book |editor-first=G.E. |editor-last=Cokayne |year=2000 |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant |edition=new ed., 12 volumes in 13 (1910–1959) |location=London |publisher=St. Catharine's Press|volume=II |pages=133}}
• {{cite book |last=Cooke |first=James Herbert |url=http://www.rotwang.co.uk/hob_chapter_05.html |chapter=Chapter V. The Battle of Nibley Green |title=A Sketch of the History of Berkeley, Its Castle, Church, and the Berkeley Family |publisher=Gloucester: John Bellows; Bristol and Clifton: R. W. Bingham; Berkeley: G. Sinderby |access-date=24 August 2012}}
• {{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |date=2 February 2011 |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p2795.htm#i27950 |title= William de Berkeley, 1st and last Marquess of Berkeley |publisher= The Peerage |page=2795|access-date=24 August 2012}}

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{{succession box | title=Earl Marshal | before=The Duke of Norfolk | after=The Duke of York | years=1486–1492}}

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{{s-ttl | title = Marquess of Berkeley | years = 1489–1492 }}

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{{s-ttl | title = Earl of Nottingham | creation = 4th creation | years = 1483–1492 }}

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{{s-ttl | title = Viscount Berkeley | years = 1481–1492 }}

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{{s-ttl | title = Viscount of Catherlough
probably only as style | years = 1481–1485 }}

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{{British marquessates}}

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Category:1426 births

Category:1492 deaths

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41

Category:Marquesses in the Peerage of England

Category:Members of the Privy Council of England

Category:Earls Marshal

Category:People of the Tudor period

Category:15th-century English nobility

William

Category:People from Berkeley, Gloucestershire

Category:Burials at Austin Friars, London

Category:Knights Bachelor