Wilson Block (Dallas, Texas)

{{short description|Wilson Block (Dallas) in the National Register of Historic Places}}

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Wilson Block

| nrhp_type = hd

| image = File:2922 Swiss Ave.jpg

| caption = Wilson House in early 1900s

| location = 2902, 2906, 2910 and 2922 Swiss Ave., Dallas, Texas

| coordinates = {{coord|32.788333|N|96.784722|W|display=title,inline|region:US-TX_type:landmark}}

| locmapin = Texas#USA

| map_label = Wilson Block

| locmap_relief = yes

| area = {{convert|2|acre}}

| built = {{Start date|1899}}

| architecture = Queen Anne

| restored = 1980s

| restored_by = The Meadows Foundation

| added = December 15, 1978

| refnum = 78002919{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Texas, 6th Edition|last=Capace|first=Nancy|isbn=0403095999|date=2001|publisher=North American Book Dist LLC }}

| designated_other1 = Dallas Landmark

| designated_other1_date = April 1981{{cite web|title=Ordinance No. 16957|url=https://dallascityhall.com/departments/sustainabledevelopment/historicpreservation/DCH%20documents/pdf/WilsonBlockOrdinance.pdf|date=April 1981|publisher=City of Dallas|access-date=September 7, 2018}}

| designated_other1_number = [https://dallascityhall.com/departments/sustainabledevelopment/historicpreservation/Pages/landmark_districts.aspx H/13]

| designated_other1_num_position = bottom

}}

The Wilson Block is a historic district located in east Dallas, Texas and was one of the first residential developments in Dallas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.{{cite web|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/NR/pdfs/78002919/78002919.pdf|title=Texas Historic Sites Atlas|publisher=Texas Historical Commission|access-date=August 9, 2019}} The houses have been restored and are maintained to preserve their turn-of-the-century Victorian revival style architecture. The Wilson Block includes 4 of the original single-family dwellings located at what is now 2902, 2906, 2910 and 2922 Swiss Ave.{{cite web | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregadvancedsearch.do?searchType=natregadvanced&selectedCollections=NPS%20Digital%20Library&referenceNumber=78002919&natregadvancedsearch=Search | publisher = National Park Service, Department of the Interior | title = Wilson Block | date = December 15, 1978 | accessdate = May 27, 2015}}{{dead link|date=June 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The District encompasses a city block, {{convert|95,000|ft2|m2}}, bounded by Swiss Avenue, Floyd, Oak, and Liberty Streets.{{cite web | url = http://dallascityhall.com/departments/sustainabledevelopment/historicpreservation/Pages/wilson_block.aspx | publisher = City of Dallas, Texas | title = Landmark Districts: Wilson Block Historic District | work = Historic Preservation | date=April 29, 1981 | accessdate = May 27, 2015}}

The houses that became the center of the Wilson Block Historic District were constructed in 1899–1902, the first being the Wilson House at 2922 Swiss Ave., a {{frac|1|1|2}}-story residence. Construction of an additional 6 rental houses followed, 3 of which have been restored and still remain at 2902, 2906 and 2910 Swiss Ave. Each house is unique in layout and character, but all share some of the common characteristics of the revival styles of the late 1800s, including irregularly shaped roofs that are steeply pitched and dominant front-facing gables.

The homes are {{frac|1|1|2}}-story single-family dwellings constructed of wood with milled details. The siding comprises textured shingles and clapboard. Some were built with front porches, while others wrap around to the sides. The back of some of the houses had rear screened porches on both levels. Upstairs porches were commonly used for sleeping, while the porches downstairs provided an open space to conduct household chores; all had cisterns on each porch. The Wilson House was the only house on the block with servant's quarters and a carriage house.

Early history

File:Stockyards (1895).jpg

File:Texas Voter Registration Receipt 1918.jpg

File:Buttons and surrey.jpg

J.B. Wilson (1847–1920) and his younger brother Frederick P. Wilson (1863–1923) emigrated to the US from Canada, and established themselves as successful cattlemen and entrepreneurs of the 19th century.{{cite web | url=https://casetext.com/case/munger-v-munger | publisher = Case Text Inc. | title = Munger v. Munger | work = Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Dallas - NO. 9903 - 298 S.W. 470 (Tex. Civ. App. 1927)| date = May 8, 1927 | accessdate = May 27, 2015}} In 1894, Frederick married Henrietta M. Frichot (1864–1953). In 1898, according to Atlas record #5113006922, it states "This historic neighborhood is located on land patented in 1838 to Illinois native John Grigsby. Dallas businessman Frederick P. Wilson and his wife Henrietta Frichot Wilson acquired the site in 1898 and built their residence (2922 Swiss Avenue) and six other houses. Owned by the Wilsons for almost eighty years, the houses became the nucleus of the Wilson Block."{{cite web | title=Atlas Number 5113006922 | website=Atlas: Texas Historical Commission | url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5113006922/ | access-date=2024-10-31}}{{cite web|title=Wilson Block|website=Texas Historical Markers on Waymarking.com |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMJXBM_Wilson_Block|access-date=2018-09-06}} However, the actual inscription on Marker Number 6922 reads: "Swiss native Jacob Nussbaumer, a colonist in the pioneer La Reunion settlement of the Dallas area, purchased this land prior to the Civil War. In 1898 his wife Dorothea and children sold it to her niece Henrietta Frichot Wilson (1864-1953), the daughter of La Reunion settlers." According to Preservation Dallas, "In addition to a lot for their own home, Henrietta Frichot Wilson and her husband Frederick Wilson also acquired an entire city block from Henrietta’s uncle, Jacob Nussbaumer. An early Dallas settler, Nussbaumer came to North Texas as part of the utopian La Reunion colony established just west of Dallas in the 1850s.{{cite web | title=Wilson Block Historic District | website=Preservation Dallas | date=2020-09-18 | url=https://preservationdallas.org/about/wilson-block | access-date=2024-10-31}}

Frederick and Henrietta had a son, Laurence Frederick (1895–1981), and a daughter, Irma (1897–1918). Irma attended Highland Park Academy, and was among the first Texas women registered to vote in the July 1918 primary election. Primary suffrage did not require a state constitutional amendment; therefore, it could be passed by a simple act of the Texas legislature. State Representative Charles B. Metcalfe introduced the woman suffrage primary bill to allow women the right to vote in primary elections in Texas, and it passed both the House and Senate.{{cite web | title=WOMAN SUFFRAGE - Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) | website=The Handbook of Texas Online | date=2010-08-31 | url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/viw01 | access-date=2018-08-30}}

Laurence also attended Highland Park Academy, and continued to live in the Wilson house with his first wife Era Craft (1901–1962) until she died. Wilson then married Venna Lee Burnett (1910–1992), and they lived in the house until 1977. Wilson retained all of the original homes.{{cite web|url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/1982/november/vintage-victorian/ |title=Vintage Victorian|publisher=D Magazine | last=Fitzgibbons|first=Ruth Miller|date= November 1982 | accessdate=June 21, 2017}} The property had remained in the Wilson family for close to 80 years.{{cite web | url=http://openplaques.org/search?utf8=✓&phrase=2922+Swiss+Avenue | publisher = Open Plaques | title = Series Texas Historical Marker | page = 579 | series = 6922 | accessdate = May 27, 2015}} The carriage house is being utilized by Preservation Dallas for educational programs.

File:Jacob Nussbaumer.jpg|Jacob Nussbaumer, uncle to Henrietta Frichot

File:Christopher Desire Frichot.jpg|Christopher Desire Frichot, father of Henrietta

File:Cleofea "Susan" Boll.png|Cleofea "Susan" Boll, wife of C.D. Frichot, mother of Henrietta

File:Henrietta Frichot Wilson.jpg|Henrietta Frichot Wilson

File:Frederick P. Wilson.jpg|Frederick P. Wilson, standing in his yard, 2922 Swiss Ave.

File:Irma Wilson.jpg|Irma Wilson, posing in the back yard by the porch, 2922 Swiss Ave.

File:Laurence F. Wilson (1913).jpg|(1913) Laurence Wilson

File:Venna Lee and L.F. Wilson (1970s).jpg|(1975) Venna Lee and Laurence Wilson

Restoration

By the late 1970s, old East Dallas was on the decline,{{cite web|url=http://lakewood.advocatemag.com/2012/04/24/longtime-swiss-avenue-residents-share-stories/|title=Advocate|publisher=Advocate Magazine Inc. | date=April 24, 2012|accessdate=June 21, 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://lakehighlands.advocatemag.com/2014/10/crime-report/|title=A History Of Violence And The DPD's Effort To Thwart It|publisher=Advocate Magazine|date=October 27, 2014|accessdate=June 21, 2017}} and Laurence Wilson's health was also failing. Wilson established several trusts with former Arlington Bank & Trust in Arlington, TX, which included the L.F. Wilson Charitable Trust, the L.F. Wilson Real Property Trust, and the L.F. Wilson Marital Trust. The real property trust included his family homestead and rental houses on Swiss Avenue. Laurence donated his Swiss Avenue property with stipulations that the transfer of any part of his father's original purchase be preserved as a historical site. The Wilson Trust executives worked in cooperation with Fox and Jacobs, real estate developers that were involved in the preservation and restoration of historic districts in Dallas.

In 1980, the Dallas Historic Preservation League (DHPL) raised money for their restoration efforts but they needed help. It was then that the Meadows Foundation became involved and acquired all of the Wilson Block except for the largest rental house known as the Arnold house which became DHPL headquarters. The Meadows Foundation established their offices in the original Wilson home at 2922 Swiss Avenue, and completed restoration of the block. They offered use of the homes rent-free to non-profit organizations under the conditions set forth in the transfer by Laurence Wilson. In 1982, the organizations that initially moved in were the Suicide and Crisis Center, Greater Dallas Council of Churches and the Center for Nonprofit Management.

Expansion and preservation efforts

The Wilson House became the center of the Wilson Block Historic District which was expanded to include other Victorian houses from the area that were moved to Swiss Avenue and restored.{{cite web | url = http://www.preservationdallas.org/who-we-are/visit-us/wilson-house/ | publisher = Preservation Dallas | title=Who We Are: The Wilson House | accessdate=May 27, 2015}}{{cite web | title=Wilson Block – Preservation Dallas | website=Preservation Dallas | url=https://www.preservationdallas.org/who-we-are/visit-us/wilson-block/ | access-date=2018-09-07}} The Meadows Foundation, in partnership with the City of Dallas, restored Central Square Park which holds historical significance as the second public park built in Dallas. It is located on the corner of Swiss Avenue and Oak Street. The Historic District also includes a few buildings and various facilities that were constructed by the Meadows Foundation for meetings and support purposes.

In 1993, the Meadows Foundation built a large facility near Swiss Avenue to house their headquarters. Shortly thereafter, and with help from the Meadows Foundation, the Historic Preservation League (HPL) moved its headquarters into the Wilson House. The following year, they changed their name to Preservation Dallas (PD), a nonprofit membership organization that focuses on protecting the history and culture of Dallas neighborhoods and historic buildings.{{cite web | url = http://www.preservationdallas.org/who-we-are/visit-us/wilson-block/ | publisher =Preservation Dallas | title=Who We Are: The Wilson Block Historic District | accessdate=May 27, 2015}} They provide preservation services, research and conduct tours of the Wilson Block which is home to thirty-nine non-profit agencies that occupy rent-free office space in the district.