Wimbledon power station
{{Short description|Former coal-fired power station}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Wimbledon power station
| image =
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|25|52|N|00|11|33|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = England
| location = Wimbledon, London
| status = Decommissioned
| construction_began = 1897
| commissioned = 1899
| decommissioned = 1968
| cost =
| owner = Wimbledon Corporation
(1897–1933)
London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority
(1933–1948)
British Electricity Authority
(1948–1955)
Central Electricity Authority
(1955–1957)
Central Electricity Generating Board
(1958–1968)
| operator = As operator
| employees =
| th_fuel_primary = Coal
| th_technology = Steam turbines
| ps_cooling_source = River water
| ps_units_operational = 1 x 1 MW, 1 x 1.5 MW, 4 x 3.75 MW, 1 x 7.5 MW = 25.2 MW (total)
| ps_units_manu_model = British Thomson-Houston, Metropolitan Vickers, Parsons
| ps_electrical_capacity = 25.2 MW
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| ps_annual_generation = 17,509 MWh (1946)
}}
Wimbledon power station supplied electricity to the Borough of Wimbledon and the surrounding area from 1899 to 1968. The power station was developed by the Wimbledon Corporation which operated it up to 1933. The London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority operated the station from 1933 until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. It was redeveloped by the owners several times to meet the increased demand for electricity.
History
Wimbledon Corporation applied in 1897 for a provisional order under the Electric Lighting Acts to generate and supply electricity to Borough of Wimbledon. The {{visible anchor|Wimbledon Electric Lighting Order 1897}} was granted by the Board of Trade and was confirmed by Parliament through the Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1897 (60 & 61 Vict. c. lxii).{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Local Acts 1897|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/changes/chron-tables/local/108|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=19 December 2020|website=legislation.gov.uk}} The power station was built in Durnsford Road, Wimbledon ({{coord|51|25|52|N|0|11|33|W}})Ordnance Survey 25-inch, Surrey VII.11 (Wandsworth Borough; Wimbledon St Mary), revised 1933 to 1934, published 1935 and was commissioned in 1899.{{Cite book|last=Garcke|first=Emile|title=Manual of Electrical Undertakings 1898-99 vol. 3|publisher=P. S. King and Son|year=1898|isbn=|location=London|pages=341}} Further Provisional Orders were granted in 1903 and 1911.
During the general strike in 1926, 113 employees of the Wimbledon electricity undertaking went on strike. Seven of the leaders were refused re-employment, whereas the 60 staff who had not gone on strike were rewarded with a bonus of £368.{{Cite book|last=Hannah|first=Leslie|title=Electricity before Nationalisation|publisher=Macmillan|year=1979|isbn=0333220862|location=London|pages=272–3}}
The British electricity supply industry was nationalised in 1948 under the provisions of the Electricity Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 54).{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Electricity Act 1947|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/54/contents/enacted|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=19 December 2020|website=legislation.gov.uk}} The Wimbledon electricity undertaking and London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority were abolished, ownership of Wimbledon power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB).{{Cite book|last=Electricity Council|title=Electricity supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology|publisher=Electricity Council |year=1987 |isbn=085188105X |location=London |pages=60–61}} At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the Wimbledon electricity undertaking were transferred to the London Electricity Board (LEB).
Wimbledon power station was closed in 1968.{{Cite web|last=Horne|first=Mike|date=|title=London power stations|url=http://www.metadyne.co.uk/pdf_files/electricity.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=19 December 2020|website=metadyne}}
=Equipment specification=
=Plant in 1923=
By 1923 the plant comprised boilers delivering 161,000 lb/h (20.3 kg/s) of steam to:{{Cite book|last=Electricity Commissioners|title=Electricity Supply – 1920–23|publisher=HMSO|year=1925|isbn=|location=London|pages=102–05, 332–37}}
2 × 350 kW reciprocating engines driving alternating current (AC) alternators
1 × 625 kW reciprocating engine AC alternator
2 × 1,000 kW steam turbo-alternators (AC)
1 × 1,500 kW steam turbo-alternator (AC)
These machines had a total generating capacity of 4,825 kW.
Electricity supply to consumers was single phase, 50 Hz, 220 Volt.
A 3,750 kW Metropolitan Vickers set powered from a 50,000 lb/hr Babcock & Wilcox boiler.{{Cite web |title= |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electrical-review_1929-01-18_104_2667/page/92/mode/2up}}
= Plant in 1954 =
By 1954 the plant comprised:{{Cite book|last=Garrett|first=Frederick|title=Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56|publisher=Electrical Press|year=1959|isbn=|location=London|pages=A-108 A-138}}
- Boilers:
- 2 × Babcock & Wilcox 60,000 lb/h (7.56 kg/s) chain grate stoker boilers
- 2 × Spearing 26,000 lb/h (3.28 kg/s) boilers
- 1 × Spearing 50,000 lb/h (6.3 kg/s) boiler
Total evaporative capacity 222,000 lb/h (27.97 kg/s)), steam conditions were 250 psi and 600 °F and 700 °F (17.2 bar and 316 °C and 371 °C), steam was supplied to:
- Generators:
- 1 × 1.0 MW British Thomson-Houston – Curtis turbo-alternator
- 1 × 1.5 MW British Thomson-Houston – Curtis turbo-alternator
- 4 × 3.75 MW Metropolitan Vickers turbo-alternators, single phase
- 1 × 7.5 MW Parsons turbo-alternator, 2-phase (installed 1930)
The total generating capacity was 25.2 MW with an output capacity of 18 MW.
Condenser water was taken from the River Wandle.
Operations
=Operating data 1912–20=
Wimbledon operating data 1912–3.{{Cite book|last=London County Council|title=London Statistics 1913-14 vol. 24|publisher=LCC|year=1915|isbn=|location=London|pages=547}}{{Cite book|last=London County Council|title=London Statistics 1920-21 vol. 27|publisher=LCC|year=1922|isbn=|location=London|pages=288}}
| class="wikitable"
!Year !Capacity of plant, MW !Maximum load, MW !Electricity sold, MWh !No. of customers |
| 1912
|3.325 |1.70 |2,903 |5,589 |
| 1920
|4.825 |1.988 |3,310 |7,805 |
=Operating data 1921–23=
The electricity supply data for the period 1921–23 was:
| class="wikitable"
|+Wimbledon power station supply data 1921–23 ! rowspan="2" |Electricity Use ! rowspan="2" |Units ! colspan="3" |Year |
| 1921
!1922 !1923 |
|---|
| Lighting and domestic
|MWh |1,873 |2,023 |2,799 |
| Public lighting
|MWh |447 |403 |436 |
| Traction
|MWh |0 |0 |0 |
| Power
|MWh |1,694 |1,852 |2,922 |
| Bulk supply
|MWh |0 |0 |0 |
| Total use
|MWh |4,013 |4,278 |6,157 |
Electricity Loads on the system were:
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Year !1921 !1922 !1923 |
| Maximum load
|kW |2,501 |2,725 |3,600 |
| Total connections
|kW |13,955 |15,369 |17,168 |
| Load factor
|Per cent |25.5 |24.4 |244.9 |
Revenue from the sale of current (in 1923) was £96,316; the surplus of revenue over expenses was £52,963.
=Operating data 1934–37=
Wimbledon operating data 1934–37, this includes electricity purchased from the national grid.{{Cite book|last=London County Council|title=London Statistics 1936-38 vol. 41|publisher=London County Council|year=1939|isbn=|location=London|pages=382}}
| class="wikitable"
!Year !Electricity sold, MWh |
| 1934
|43,609 |
| 1935
|47,357 |
| 1936
|60,042 |
| 1937
|68,852 |
=Operating data 1946=
In 1946 Wimbledon power station supplied 17,509 MWh of electricity; the maximum output load was 18,080 kW. The load factor was 11.1%, and the thermal efficiency was 10.94%.{{Cite book|last=Electricity Commissioners|title=Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31 December 1946|publisher=HMSO|year=1947|isbn=|location=London|pages=15 & 20}}
=Operating data 1954–67=
Operating data for the period 1954–67 was:CEGB Annual Report 1961–63, CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1966, 1967
| class="wikitable"
|+Wimbledon power station operating data, 1954–67 !Year !Running hours or load factor (per cent) !Max output capacity MW !Electricity supplied MWh !Thermal efficiency per cent |
| 1954
|511 |18 |2,697 |6.80 |
| 1955
|724 |18 |6,209 |9.64 |
| 1956
|1039 |18 |7,984 |10.49 |
| 1957
|336 |18 |1,978 |8.79 |
| 1958
|623 |18 |4,533 |10.59 |
| 1961
|2.0 % |18 |3,131 |9.52 |
| 1962
|2.7 % |18 |4,189 |10.24 |
| 1963
|6.06 % |18 |9,550 |12.01 |
| 1966
|3.6 % |18 |5,716 |9.31 |
| 1967
|2.1 % |10 |2,380 |6.94 |
Th electricity sold by Wimbledon power station in MWh was as shown:
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Railway power station
In addition to the statutory public-supply Wimbledon power station, the Southern Railway constructed an electricity generating station at Wimbledon to supply traction current for the railway. This private supply power station was built in Durnsford Road in 1913. It was initially equipped with 5 x 5,000 kW turbo alternators supplying power at 11,000 Volts 25 Hz to the trackside substations. {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electrical-review_1915-09-24_77_1974/page/890/mode/2up?view=theater |title=The Electrical Review 1915-09-24: Vol 77 Iss 1974 |date=1915-09-24 |publisher=St. John Patrick Publishers |others=Internet Archive |language=English}}
In 1957 it comprised 20 chain-grate boilers with a total evaporative capacity of 430,000 lb/hr (54 kg/s).{{Cite book|last=Electrical Journal|title=Electricity Undertakings of the World|publisher=Benn Brothers|year=1957|location=London|pages=242–3}} These supplied steam to:
- 4 × 12.5 MW generators
- 2 × 5.0 MW generators
- 2 × 0.4 MW generators
Giving a total capacity of 60.8 MW.
Cooling water was abstracted from the River Wandle and cooled by five wooden cooling towers. The circulating capacity was 1,333,600 gallons per hour (1.68 m3/s).
In 1946 the station generated 158,441 MWh of electricity. The maximum load was 45.2 MW, the load factor was 40 percent and the thermal efficiency was 18.7 percent.