Woking power station
{{Short description|Former coal-fired power station}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Woking power station
| image =
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|19|26|N|00|33|01|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = England
| location = Woking
| status = Decommissioned
| construction_began = 1889
| commissioned = 1890
| decommissioned = 1960
| cost =
| owner = Woking Electricity Supply Company Limited
(1890–1895)
Woking Electric Supply Company Limited
(1895–1948)
British Electricity Authority
(1948–1955)
Central Electricity Authority
(1955–1957)
Central Electricity Generating Board
(1958–1960)
| operator = As owner
| employees =
| th_fuel_primary = Coal
| th_technology = Steam turbines
| ps_cooling_source = Cooling tower
| ps_units_operational = 1 x 2.5 MW, 1 x 2 MW, 2 x 1.25 MW
| ps_units_manu_model = Brush-Ljungstrom
| ps_electrical_capacity = 7 MW
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| ps_annual_generation = 3527 MWh (1946)
}}
Woking power station supplied electricity to the Borough of Woking and the surrounding area from 1890 to 1960. The power station was operated by the Woking Electric Supply Company Limited until the nationalisation of the British electricity industry in 1948. It was redeveloped after the First World War to meet the increased demand for electricity.
History
The Woking Electricity Supply Company obtained a provisional order in 1890 under the Electric Lighting Acts to generate and supply electricity to Borough of Woking. The {{visible anchor|Woking Electric Supply Company Order 1890}} was granted by the Board of Trade and was confirmed by Parliament through the Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 5) Act 1890 (54 & 55 Vict. c. cxc).{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Local Acts 1890|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/changes/chron-tables/local/96|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 January 2021|website=Legislation.gov.uk}} The company built a power station in Board School Road, Woking ({{coord|51|19|26|N|00|33|01|W}})Ordnance Survey 25-inch, Surrey XVII.5 (Horsell; Pyrford; Woking), revised 1912, published 1914. which was commissioned in 1890.{{Cite book|last=Garcke|first=Emile|title=Manual of Electrical Undertakings 1898-99 vol. 3|publisher=P. S. King and Son|year=1898|isbn=|location=London|pages=345}}
The Woking Electric Supply Company Limited was formed on 5 December 1895 to acquire the Woking Electricity Supply Company. The company undertook a major upgrade of the plant in 1918–28.
The British electricity supply industry was nationalised in 1948 under the provisions of the Electricity Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 54).{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Electricity Act 1947|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/54/contents/enacted|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 January 2021|website=Legislation.gov.uk}} The Woking electricity undertaking was abolished, ownership of Woking power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB).{{Cite book|last=Electricity Council|title=Electricity supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology|publisher=Electricity Council|year=1987|isbn=085188105X|location=London|pages=60–61, 73, 76}} At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the Woking electricity undertaking were transferred to the South Eastern Electricity Board (SEEBOARD).
Woking power station was closed in 1959–60.Woking power station is shown in Garrett (1959), but is not shown in CEGB Annual Report 1961
Equipment specification
= Plant in 1898 =
= Plant in 1919 =
In 1919 the generating capacity at Woking power station was 2,100 kW, the maximum load on the feeders was 1,192 kW, and there was 5,950 kW of connections on the circuits.{{Cite book|last=London County Council|title=London Statistics 1920-21 Vol. 27|publisher=London County Council|year=1922|isbn=|location=London|pages=288–9 294–5}}
= Plant in 1923 =
By 1923 the plant comprised boilers delivering 55,000 lb/h (6.93 kg/s) of steam to:{{Cite book|last=Electricity Commissioners|title=Electricity Supply – 1920–23|publisher=HMSO|year=1925|isbn=|location=London|pages=220–223, 508–13}}
- 2 × 150 kW reciprocating engines driving alternating current (AC) alternators
- 2 × 400 kW reciprocating engines AC alternators
- 2 × 1,000 kW steam turbo-alternator (AC)
These machines had a total generating capacity of 3,100 kW.
= Plant in 1954 =
By 1954 the plant comprised:{{Cite book|last=Garrett|first=Frederick|title=Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56|publisher=Electrical Press|year=1959|isbn=|location=London|pages=A-109 A-138, B-258}}
- Boilers:
- 2 × Babcock and Wilcox 25,000 lb/h (3.15 kg/s) chain grate stoker boilers, steam conditions were 175 psi and 680 °F (12.1 bar and 360 °C),
- 1 × Babcock and Wilcox 15,000 lb/h (1.9 kg/s) chain grate stoker boiler, steam conditions as above, steam was supplied to:
- Generators:
- 1 × 2.5 MW Brush-Ljungstrom 2 kV single phase turbo-alternator
- 1 × 2.0 MW Brush-Ljungstrom 2 kV single phase turbo-alternator
- 2 × 1.25 MW Brush-Ljungstrom 2 kV single phase turbo-alternators
The total generating capacity was 7 MW.
Condenser water was cooled in a Premier cooling tower with a capacity of 0.24 million gallons per hour (1,091 m3/hour).
Operations
= Operating data 1898 =
= Operating date 1919 =
= Operating data 1921–23 =
The electricity supply data for the period 1921–23 was:
| class="wikitable"
|+Woking power station supply data 1921–23 ! rowspan="2" |Electricity Use ! rowspan="2" |Units ! colspan="3" |Year |
| 1921
!1922 !1923 |
|---|
| Lighting and domestic
|MWh |1,412 |1,469 |1,603 |
| Public lighting
|MWh |0 |0 |0 |
| Traction
|MWh |0 |0 |0 |
| Power
|MWh |828 |659 |668 |
| Bulk supply
|MWh |0 |0 |0 |
| Total use
|MWh |2,240 |2,128 |2,271 |
The electricity Loads on the system were:
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Year |1921 |1922 |1923 |
| Maximum load
!kW |1,337 |1,526 |1,395 |
|---|
| Total connections
!kW |5,929 |6,100 |7,123 |
| Load factor
!Per cent |23.6 |19.5 |22.7 |
Revenue from the sale of current (in 1923) was £45,507; the surplus of revenue over expenses was £27,283.
= Operating data 1931–36 =
In 1931 Woking power station generated 9,663 MWh and sold a total of 7,912 MWh. Woking Electric Supply Company Limited supplied electricity to Woking, Chertsey, Bisley, Byfleet, Pyrford, Ockham, Pirbight, Send, Ripley, Wisley, Littleton, Shepperton and Laleham.{{Cite book|last=London County Council|title=London Statistics 1932-3 Vol. 37|publisher=London County Council|year=1934|isbn=|location=London|pages=335, 348–9}}
In 1933 the company sold 9,826 MWh; in 1934 11,512 MWh; and in 1935 13,597 MWh. In 1936 no electricity was generated by Woking, the undertaking purchased its supply which amounted to 18,989 MWh. In that year there was a load of 33,059 kW connected to the system. There were 15,764 customers.{{Cite book|last=London County Council|title=London Statistics 1936-8 Vol. 41|publisher=London County Council|year=1939|isbn=|location=London|pages=386–7, 392–3}}
= Operating data 1946 =
In 1946 Woking power station supplied 3,527 MWh of electricity; the maximum output load was 5,443 kW.{{Cite book|last=Electricity Commissioners|title=Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31 December 1946|publisher=HMSO|year=1947|isbn=|location=London|pages=15}}
= Operating data 1954–58 =
Operating data for the period 1954–58 was:
| class="wikitable"
|+Woking power station operating data, 1954–58 !Year !Running hours !Max output capacity, MW !Electricity supplied, MWh !Thermal efficiency per cent |
| 1954
|307 |4 |888 |6.28 |
| 1955
|166 |4 |169 |2.23 |
| 1956
|196 |2 |472 |9.86 |
| 1957
|80 |2 |59 |3.27 |
| 1958
|73 |2 |62 |5.03 |
The amount of electricity sold by the Woking Electric Supply Company Limited in MWh was as follows:
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Woking Electricity District
Following nationalisation in 1948 Woking power station became part of the Woking electricity supply district, covering 69 square miles (179 km2) with a population of 110,090 in 1958. The number of consumers and electricity sold in the Woking district was:
| class="wikitable"
|Year |1956 |1957 |1958 |
| Number of consumers
|33,367 |34,822 |36,033 |
| Electricity sold MWh
|126,164 |139,814 |152,414 |
In 1958 the number of units sold to categories of consumers was:
| class="wikitable"
! Type of consumer ! No. of consumers ! Electricity sold MWh |
| Domestic
|32,444 |71,882 |
| Commercial
|2,885 |16,754 |
| Industrial
|517 |61,018 |
| Farms
|179 |1,942 |
| Public lighting
|8 |818 |
| Total
|36,033 |152,414 |