Women's football in Scotland

Church documents recorded women playing football in Carstairs, Lanarkshire, in 1628. A Scotland team played in the world's first recorded women's association football match, an international, in May 1881 at Hibernian Park in Edinburgh,{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/no-longer-the-game-of-two-halves.19185657 |title=No longer the game of two-halves |newspaper=The Herald |publisher=Herald & Times Group |date=19 October 2012 |first=Alan |last=Campbell}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24176354 |title=The Honeyballers: Women who fought to play football |work=BBC News |date=26 September 2013 |access-date=5 December 2013}} where the Scotland XI won 3–0 against England.[http://womenofscotland.org.uk/memorials/plaque-first-women-football-internationalists-1881 Plaque to the First Women Football Internationalists 1881], Mapping Memorials to Women in Scotland, 17 December 2019 The Scottish Football Association has records of a women's match that took place in 1892 (according to a 2005 article).{{cite web|title=A Brief History of Women's Football|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=409|publisher=Scottish Football Association|access-date=18 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308172042/http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?curpageid=409|archive-date=8 March 2005}} However, the sport was traditionally seen as a working class and male preserve.

Women's football struggled for recognition during this early period. After a period of growth during and after the First World War, including an Anglo-Scottish women's club game at Celtic Park in 1918, men's clubs who were interested in using their grounds for women's football were subsequently denied permission by the Scottish Football Association (SFA) in 1924–25.

Research has shown that clubs such as Rutherglen Ladies played exhibition matches for charity in front of large crowds during the 1920s and '30s.{{Cite web|title=Women's Football in Interwar Scotland:Sadie Smith and the Legendary Rutherglen Ladies FC {{!}} Part 2 |website=Playing Pasts|url=https://www.playingpasts.co.uk/articles/football/womens-football-in-interwar-scotlandsadie-smith-and-the-legendary-rutherglen-ladies-fcpart-2/|access-date=4 December 2021|date=18 February 2021|author1=Fiona Skillen|author2=Steve Bolton}}[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/in-your-area/lanarkshire/new-exhibition-pay-tribute-rutherglens-25602020.amp New exhibition to pay tribute to Rutherglen's trailblazing female footballers], Jonathan Geddes, Daily Record, 5 December 2021 Rutherglen won 2–0 against the famous English women's football team, Dick, Kerr Ladies, in their match at Shawfield Park in September 1923.

Edinburgh Ladies faced Preston Ladies (the successor to Dick, Kerr Ladies), for a British trophy named the Ladies' Football World Championship, on at least two occasions in the 1930s. Preston won in 1937 by a 5–1 score,{{cite news |title=PRESTON WOMEN CONQUER SCOTTISH FOOTBALLERS |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000711/19370909/221/0007 |work=Lancashire Evening Post |date=9 September 1937 |page=7 |url-access=registration }} but the trophy went to Scotland in 1939, when Edinburgh won the title, beating Preston 5–2 in an apparently longer club competition.{{cite news |title=Preston Sending Strong Team to Scotland |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000711/19390612/153/0007 |work=Lancashire Evening Post |date=12 June 1939 |page=7 |url-access=registration }}{{cite news |last1=Harkness |first1=Jack |title=Scots World Title Lead |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000566/19390618/208/0027 |work=Sunday Post |date=18 June 1939 |page=27 |url-access=registration}}{{cite news |title=EDINBURGH LADIES' TEAM SUPREME |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000728/19390708/499/0031 |work=Daily Record |date=8 July 1939 |page=31 |url-access=registration}}

The sport continued on an unofficial basis until 1971, when UEFA instructed its members to take control of women's football within their territories. The motion was passed 31–1, but Scotland was the only member to vote against it.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/women/4607171.stm |title=How women's football battled for survival |first=Patricia |last=Gregory |work=BBC Sport |date=3 June 2005 |access-date=5 December 2013}}

In 1971 the Scottish Women's Football Association (SWFA) was founded and six teams registered for competition: Aberdeen, Edinburgh Dynamos, Westthorn United, Motherwell AEI, Dundee Strikers and Stewarton Thistle. In 1972–73, Westthorn United won the first league title. With Scotland having played their first official international match and Scottish teams reaching the final of the English WFA Cup in 1971, 1972 and 1973, the SFA lifted the ban and recognised the SWFA in August 1974.{{cite news |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/edna-neillis-forgotten-pioneer-womens-football-3099786 |title=Edna Neillis: The forgotten pioneer of women's football |date=17 March 2017 |work=The Scotsman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404065126/https://www.scotsman.com/news/edna-neillis-forgotten-pioneer-womens-football-3099786 |archive-date=4 April 2022}}

The Scottish Women's Football League (SWFL) was formed by the SWFA and clubs in November 1999,{{cite web |title=Scottish Women's Football League |url=http://www.scottishwomensfootball.com/ |website=SWFA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021129050514/http://www.scottishwomensfootball.com/ |archive-date=29 November 2002}} from the existing national league. In 2002–03, the SWFL Premier Division broke away to form the Premier League (SWPL).{{cite book|last1=Jonathan Magee, Sheila Scraton, Jayne Caudwell, Katie Liston|title=Women, Football and Europe: Histories, Equity and Experience|date=30 January 2008|publisher=Meyer & Meyer Verlag|pages=3–27|isbn=9781841262253|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yo2ZnpOQc7AC}} The SWFA was renamed Scottish Women's Football Ltd (SWF) in 2001, and in 2007 was taken over by the SFA.{{cite news |title=Women's football: SFA in charge as Celts join up |url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792786.womens-football-sfa-in-charge-as-celts-join-up/ |work=Glasgow Times |date=9 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205140523/https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/12792786.womens-football-sfa-in-charge-as-celts-join-up/ |archive-date=5 Dec 2020}}

The following clubs are known to have won the Scottish Women's FA National League (1972–1999), Scottish Women's Football League championship (1999–2002) and Scottish Women's Premier League (2002–present):

{{Main|Scottish Women's Football League}}

{{Main|Scottish Women's Football League First Division}}

{{Main|Scottish Women's Premier League}}

In 2016, the Premier League was reduced from 12 to 8 eight teams but expanded to a second level. In 2017, the SWFL 2 changed from 4 to 3 regions. In 2020, clubs in SWFL 1 became members of a new Championship and SWFL 2 became a separate system.

The current (since 2022) pyramid is over 4 tiers, plus leagues outside of the pyramid:

The team that wins the Premier League title qualifies for the following season's UEFA Champions League, with the runners-up generally also qualifying depending on the nation's coefficient.

The pre-2020 third-tier regional divisions under the Scottish Women's Football League became a separate 'Recreational' setup no longer linked by merit to the 'Performance' levels above (although individual clubs can still apply to join the Championship). Until 2019, reserve and youth squads could compete in the senior pyramid as long as they were not in the same division as the titular club – this was then changed with the introduction of a 'National Performance League' structure for under-16 and under-19 leagues featuring age group teams of the top clubs.

File:Rhonda.Jones2.jpg of Hibernian and Scotland with the Scottish Women's Cup trophy in 2010]]

{{main|Scottish Women's Cup}}

{{expand section|date=April 2022}}

The Scottish Women's Cup is the primary national knockout cup competition, is owned and managed by SWF, and is open to all senior teams affiliated with the SWF. The competition was first held in 1970–71.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65594966 Women's Scottish Cup: From Prima Donnas and Hooverettes to Hampden], Clive Lindsay, BBC Sport, 26 May 2023

The winner of the first competition was Stewarton Thistle. They played against the Aberdeen Prima Donnas and won 4–2.{{Cite web|url=https://shekicks.net/2016/05/25/stewartons-first-star-remembered/|title=Stewarton's First Star Remembered|date=25 May 2016}}{{Cite web |date=2016-08-22 |title=SFA women's chief says hails good times for Scots - Edinburgh Evening News |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/sfa-women-s-chief-says-hails-good-times-for-scots-1-3148224 |access-date=2022-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822100254/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/sfa-women-s-chief-says-hails-good-times-for-scots-1-3148224 |archive-date=22 August 2016 }} Stewarton later became F.C. Kilmarnock, the Cup-winners in 2001 and 2002.

The Cup has been won the most times by Glasgow City (nine times) and Hibernian (eight times).{{cite web|title=Scotland (Women) - List of Cup Winners|website=RSSSF|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/scot-womcuphist.html}} In the 2022 final, Celtic defeated Glasgow City to win the trophy for the first time; Rangers won their first in 2024.

{{Main|Scotland women's national football team}}

{{See also|Scotland at the FIFA Women's World Cup}}

{{expand section|date=October 2013}}

Scotland's first official match, a 3–2 defeat to England, took place in November 1972. The team was managed by Rab Stewart. The Scottish Women's Football Association was not recognised by the SFA until 1974. The SFA assumed direct responsibility for Scottish women's football in 1998.

The Scottish government in 2013 promised to increase funding for the Women's national team.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24668309 |title= Funding boost for Scotland women |publisher=BBC |access-date=28 October 2013}} Scotland women's national football team qualified for their first major tournament Euro 2017.{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37363402 |title= Euro 2017: Scotland's women qualify for first major tournament |publisher=BBC |access-date=17 September 2016}} The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup was the first time the Women's team qualified for a world cup.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45395657|title=Scotland Women qualify for World Cup with 2-1 win against Albania|date=4 September 2018|access-date=7 September 2018|website=Bbc.co.uk}}

• Football in Scotland
• Scottish football league system
• Scottish Women's Premier League
• Scottish Women's Football (Association)

{{Reflist}}

{{Women's Football in Scotland}}

{{Women's football in Europe}}

Category:Football in Scotland