Login
Login

World Chess Championship 1993#1993 PCA match

{{Short description|Controversial chess matches}}

{{Infobox chess match

|header = Professional Chess Association World Chess Championship 1993

|comp1 = Garry Kasparov

|comp2 = Nigel Short

|image1 = File:World chess champion Garry Kasparov was beaten by Natan Sharansky, an Ex Soviet dissident and a current Israeli minister, in a simultaneous exhibition in Jerusalem (FL45906648).jpg

|image2 = File:Koploper_Short_(aan_zet_tegen_Hort)%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-5538.jpg

|title1 = Defending champion

|title2 =
Challenger

|flag1 = RUS

|flag2 = GBR

|flag1_variant = 1991

|dob1 = 13 April 1963

|age1 = 30 years old

|dob2 = 1 June 1965

|age2 = 28 years old

|qual1 = Winner of the 1990 World Chess Championship

|qual2 = Winner of the 1993 Candidates Tournament

|elo1 = 2815

|elo2 = 2685

|rank1= 1

|rank2= 10

|prev = 1990

|prev_link = World Chess Championship 1990

|next = 1995 (PCA)

|next_link = Classical World Chess Championship 1995

|score1 = 12½

|score2 = 7½

}}

{{Infobox chess match

|header = FIDE World Chess Championship 1993

|comp1 = Anatoly Karpov

|comp2 = Jan Timman

|image1 = File:Anatoli Karpow.jpg

|image2 = File:IBM-schaaktoernooi in Amsterdam, Jan Timman (nl) in aktie, Bestanddeelnr 931-4894.jpg

|title1 = Defending champion

|title2 = Challenger

|flag1 = RUS

|flag2 = NED

|flag1_variant = 1991

|dob1 = 23 May 1951

|age1 = 42 years old

|dob2 = 14 December 1951

|age2 = 41 years old

|qual1 = Runner-up of the 1990 World Chess Championship (replacement for {{flagicon|RUS|1991}} Garry Kasparov)

|qual2 = Runner-up of the 1993 Candidates Tournament (replacement for {{flagicon|GBR}} Nigel Short)

|elo1 = 2760

|elo2 = 2620

|rank1= 2

|rank2= 33

|prev = 1990

|prev_link = World Chess Championship 1990

|next = 1996 (FIDE)

|next_link = FIDE World Chess Championship 1996

|score1 = 12½

|score2 = 8½

}}

The World Chess Championship 1993 was one of the most controversial matches in chess history, with incumbent World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and official challenger Nigel Short splitting from FIDE, the official world governing body of chess, and playing their title match under the auspices of the Professional Chess Association. In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, and instead held a title match between Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman.

The matches were won by Kasparov and Karpov respectively. For the first time in history, there were two rival World Chess Champions, a situation which persisted until the World Chess Championship 2006.

1990 Interzonal Tournament

For the first time, the Interzonal was held as a Swiss system tournament in Manila in June and July 1990. 64 contestants played 13 rounds; the top 11 qualified for the Candidates Tournament.[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9193$iix.htm 1990 Manila Interzonal Tournament], Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

:

class="wikitable"

|+ 1990 Interzonal Tournament

Rating12345678910111213Total
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 1

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Boris Gelfand|Soviet Union}}2680=26+42+3=14+29=5=2=11+8=12=6=9+169
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 2

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Vasyl Ivanchuk|Soviet Union}}2680−54+41+43+21+8+48=1=6=12=10=5+17=39
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 3

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Viswanathan Anand|India}}2610=32+44−1+49−13=54+47=18=14+29+37+12=28½
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 4

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Nigel Short|England}}2610+20−21−13=46+33+24+7−8+30+18=11=6+128½
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 5

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Gyula Sax|Hungary}}2600=22+64+51+8=48=1=12=9=13=11=2=10=78
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 6

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Viktor Korchnoi|Switzerland}}2630=31+33=7=15+28=30+29=2=11=13=1=4=108
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 7

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Robert Hübner|West Germany}}2585=38+62=6=16=17=18−4+19+48+21=10=11=58
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 8

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Predrag Nikolić|Yugoslavia}}2600+13+58+12−5−2=19+40+4−1=17=21=14+258
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 9

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Leonid Yudasin|Soviet Union}}2615=45+49−29+55+25=14+48=5−21+16=12=1=118
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 10

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Sergey Dolmatov|Soviet Union}}2615=24=23+27=11+39=29+30−12+15=2=7=5=68
style="background:#ccffcc;"

| 11

align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Alexey Dreev|Soviet Union}}2615=44=32+22=10=21+13+14=1=6=5=4=7=98
12align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Mikhail Gurevich|Soviet Union}}2640+43+36−8+37=14+34=5+10=2=1=9−3−47½
13align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Branko Damljanovic|Yugoslavia}}2515−8+53+4=51+3−11+34+16=5=6−17=19=157½
14align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Kiril Georgiev|Bulgaria}}2580+57=16+17=1=12=9−11=31=3=15+28=8=207½
15align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Ljubomir Ljubojević|Yugoslavia}}2600+40=29=16=6=18=17=21+22−10=14+36=25=137½
16align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Jaan Ehlvest|Soviet Union}}2655+56=14=15=7=30=23+19−13+31−9+22+21−17½
17align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Alexander Khalifman|Soviet Union}}2615=33+31−14+24=7=15+23=21=29=8+13−2=197½
18align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Yasser Seirawan|United States}}2635=42=26=30+56=15=7=31=3+40−4=27=24+227½
19align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Alexei Shirov|Soviet Union}}2580=55=35=23=33+42=8−16−7+32+50+29=13=177½
20align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Jóhann Hjartarson|Iceland}}2520−4+61−37−40+38−36+45=47+54=39+42+34=147½
21align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Nick de Firmian|United States}}2560+61+4=48−2=11+37=15=17+9−7=8−16=287
22align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Gad Rechlis|Israel}}2505=5=28−11+27=47=25+46−15+41+48−16+37−187
23align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Vasil Spasov|Bulgaria}}2495=34=10=19+36=51=16−17=44−39+43=35=26+497
24align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Igor Štohl|Czechoslovakia}}2525=10−34+45−17+58−4+43+39=50−37+44=18=277
25align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Michael Adams|England}}2590+46=63+50−29−9=22=39=49+44=27+30=15−87
26align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Roman Dzindzichashvili|United States}}2560=1=18+38−30=31=46=63=34=36=42=39=23+417
27align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Ľubomír Ftáčnik|Czechoslovakia}}2550−51+59−10−22+64=32+57=37+34=25=18=36=247
28align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Boris Gulko|United States}}2600=64=22=32+58−6=47=41=36=33+31−14+45=217
29align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Joël Lautier|France}}2570+60=15+9+25−1=10−6+50=17−3−19=39=356½
30align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Smbat Lputian|Soviet Union}}2575+59=51=18+26=16=6−10=48−4+33−25=41=366½
31align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Miguel Illescas|Spain}}2535=6−17=64+38=26+51=18=14−16−28=32+44=376½
32align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Božidar Ivanović|Yugoslavia}}2520=3=11=28−50=36=27=53=54−19+55=31=48+566½
33align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Eugenio Torre|Philippines}}2530=17−6+62=19−4=49=42+46=28−30−45+51+486½
34align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Simen Agdestein|Norway}}2600=23+24+63−48+50−12−13=26−27+52+40−20=396½
35align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Mihail Marin|Romania}}2485=37=19=36−39=49=42−56+55+47=40=23=50=296½
36align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Mikhail Tal|Soviet Union}}2580+52−12=35−23=32+20=37=28=26+56−15=27=306½
37align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Tony Miles|England}}2595=35=55+20−12+43−21=36=27+49+24−3−22=316½
38align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Jaime Sunye Neto|Brazil}}2465=7=39−26−31−20=60=59+58=53+47=48=42+506½
39align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Andrei Sokolov|Soviet Union}}2570=62=38=54+35−10=41=25−24+23=20=26=29=346½
40align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Petar Popović|Yugoslavia}}2520−15=60=42+20+63=50−8+56−18=35−34=49=456
41align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Goran Čabrilo|Yugoslavia}}2485−48−2=59+60+56=39=28=42−22+49=50=30−266
42align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Kevin Spraggett|Canada}}2540=18−1=40+64−19=35=33=41+51=26−20=38=466
43align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Alonso Zapata|Colombia}}2545−12+52−2+53−37=57−24−51+61−23+58=54+556
44align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Ye Rongguang|China}}2525=11−3−49+62−55+58+51=23−25+57−24−31+546
45align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Eric Lobron|West Germany}}2535=9−50−24=59+52−56−20=57+60+54+33−28=406
46align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Stuart Rachels|United States}}2475−25+47=58=4=54=26−22−33−57+62=56+52=426
47align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Margeir Petursson|Iceland}}2550−63−46+57+52=22=28−3=20−35−38+60=56+596
48align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Lajos Portisch|Hungary}}2590+41+54=21+34=5−2−9=30−7−22=38=32−335½
49align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Ian Rogers|Australia}}2535=50−9+44−3=35=33+55=25−37−41+53=40−235½
50align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Rafael Vaganian|Soviet Union}}2630=49+45−25+32−34=40+54−29=24−19=41=35−385½
51align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Gata Kamsky|United States}}2650+27=30−5=13=23−31−44+43−42=53=52−33+605½
52align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Lin Ta|China}}2435−36−43+61−47−45+64+62=53=56−34=51−46+585½
53align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Vasily Smyslov|Soviet Union}}2570−58−13+60−43−57+59=32=58=38=51−49=62+615½
54align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Murray Chandler|New Zealand}}2560+2−48=39=63=46=3−50=32−20−45+61=43−445
55align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Rico Mascariñas|Philippines}}2465=19=37=56−9+44−63−49−35+59−32+62=61−435
56align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Walter Arencibia|Cuba}}2555−16+57=55−18−41+45+35−40=52−36=46=47−325
57align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Herman Claudius van Riemsdijk|Brazil}}2440−14−56−47+61+53=43−27=45+46−44=59−60=625
58align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Fouad El Taher|Egypt}}2375+53−8=46−28−24−44=60−38=62=61−43+59−524
59align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Carlos Armando Juárez Flores|Guatemala}}2425−30−27=41=45=62−53=38=61−55+60=57−58−474
60align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Leon David Piasetski|Canada}}2410−29=40−53−41=61=38=58=62−45−59−47+57−513½
61align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Slaheddine Hmadi|Tunisia}}2335−21−20−52−57=60=62+64=59−43=58−54=55−533½
62align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Assem Afifi|Egypt}}2400=39−7−33−44=59=61−52=60=58−46−55=53=573½
63align=left|{{flagathlete|GM Valery Salov|Soviet Union}}2655+47=25−34=54−40+55=26------3½
64align=left|{{flagathlete|IM Praveen Thipsay|India}}2490=28−5=31−42−27−52−61------1

Salov and Thipsay withdrew after seven rounds.

1991–93 Candidates Tournament

The final four players from the 1988–90 Candidates tournament—Karpov, Timman, Yusupov and Speelman—were seeded directly into the Candidates. They were joined by the top 11 finishers from the Interzonal. These 15 players played a series of Candidates matches.[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9193$cix.htm 1991–93 Candidates Matches], Mark Weeks' Chess Pages If matches were tied after the allotted games, extra pairs of rapid chess games were played until one player had the lead.[http://groups.google.com.au/group/rec.games.chess/browse_thread/thread/f715c526588ac4/0de4332b5e271c70 World Championships 1/4-finals, round 8], Usenet rec.games.chess, August 24, 1991

The preliminary matches were played in Sarajevo (Timman-Hübner and Gelfand-Nikolić), Wijk aan Zee (Korchnoi-Sax and Yusupov-Dolmatov), Riga (Ivanchuk-Yudasin), London (Short-Speelman), and Madras (Anand-Dreev) in January and February 1991. All four quarterfinals were played in Brussels in August 1991, both semifinals in Linares in April 1992, and the final in San Lorenzo del Escorial in January 1993.

{{16TeamBracket | RD1=Round of 16 (best of 8)

| RD2=Quarterfinals (best of 8)

| RD3=Semifinals (best of 10)

| RD4=Final (best of 14)

| group1=

| group2=

| group3=

| RD1-seed01=

| RD1-team01={{flagicon|NED}} Jan Timman

| RD1-score01=4½

| RD1-seed02=

| RD1-team02={{flagicon|GER}} Robert Hübner

| RD1-score02=2½

| RD1-seed03=

| RD1-team03={{flagicon|SUI}} Victor Korchnoi

| RD1-score03=5½

| RD1-seed04=

| RD1-team04={{flagicon|HUN}} Gyula Sax

| RD1-score04=4½

| RD1-seed05=

| RD1-team05={{flagicon|URS}} Artur Yusupov

| RD1-score05=6½

| RD1-seed06=

| RD1-team06={{flagicon|URS}} Sergey Dolmatov

| RD1-score06=5½

| RD1-seed07=

| RD1-team07={{flagicon|URS}} Vasyl Ivanchuk

| RD1-score07=4½

| RD1-seed08=

| RD1-team08={{flagicon|URS}} Leonid Yudasin

| RD1-score08=½

| RD1-seed09=

| RD1-team09={{flagicon|ENG}} Nigel Short

| RD1-score09=5½

| RD1-seed10=

| RD1-team10={{flagicon|ENG}} Jon Speelman

| RD1-score10=4½

| RD1-seed11=

| RD1-team11={{flagicon|URS}} Boris Gelfand

| RD1-score11=5½

| RD1-seed12=

| RD1-team12={{flagicon|YUG}} Predrag Nikolić

| RD1-score12=4½

| RD1-seed13=

| RD1-team13={{flagicon|IND}} Viswanathan Anand

| RD1-score13=4½

| RD1-seed14=

| RD1-team14={{flagicon|URS}} Alexei Dreev

| RD1-score14=1½

| RD1-seed15=

| RD1-team15=(no opponent)

| RD1-score15=

| RD1-seed16=

| RD1-team16={{flagicon|URS}} Anatoly Karpov

| RD1-score16=

| RD2-seed01=

| RD2-team01={{flagicon|NED}} Jan Timman

| RD2-score01=4½

| RD2-seed02=

| RD2-team02={{flagicon|SUI}} Victor Korchnoi

| RD2-score02=2½

| RD2-seed03=

| RD2-team03={{flagicon|URS}} Artur Yusupov

| RD2-score03=5½

| RD2-seed04=

| RD2-team04={{flagicon|URS}} Vasyl Ivanchuk

| RD2-score04=4½

| RD2-seed05=

| RD2-team05={{flagicon|ENG}} Nigel Short

| RD2-score05=5

| RD2-seed06=

| RD2-team06={{flagicon|URS}} Boris Gelfand

| RD2-score06=3

| RD2-seed07=

| RD2-team07={{flagicon|IND}} Viswanathan Anand

| RD2-score07=3½

| RD2-seed08=

| RD2-team08={{flagicon|URS}} Anatoly Karpov

| RD2-score08=4½

| RD3-seed01=

| RD3-team01={{flagicon|NED}} Jan Timman

| RD3-score01=6

| RD3-seed02=

| RD3-team02={{flagicon|RUS|1991}} Artur Yusupov

| RD3-score02=4

| RD3-seed03=

| RD3-team03={{flagicon|ENG}} Nigel Short

| RD3-score03=6

| RD3-seed04=

| RD3-team04={{flagicon|RUS|1991}} Anatoly Karpov

| RD3-score04=4

| RD4-seed01=

| RD4-team01={{flagicon|NED}} Jan Timman

| RD4-score01=5½

| RD4-seed02=

| RD4-team02={{flagicon|ENG}} Nigel Short

| RD4-score02=7½

}}

1993 PCA match

Before the match could take place, both Kasparov and Short complained of corruption and a lack of professionalism within FIDE and split from FIDE to set up the Professional Chess Association (PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. The event was orchestrated largely by Raymond Keene. Keene brought the event to London (FIDE had planned it for Manchester), and England was whipped up into something of a chess fever: Channel 4 broadcast some 81 programmes on the match, the BBC also had coverage, and Short appeared in television beer commercials. The Kasparov–Short final was best of 24 games, played in London in September and October 1993.[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9193pwix.htm 1993 Kasparov–Short PCA Title Match], Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+PCA World Chess Championship Match 1993

Rating1234567891011121314151617181920Total
align=left | {{flagathlete|Garry Kasparov|Russia|1991}}2815

| 1

style="background:black; color:white"| ½1style="background:black; color:white"| 1½style="background:black; color:white"| ½1style="background:black; color:white"| ½1style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½1style="background:black; color:white"| 0½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½12½
align=left | {{flagathlete|Nigel Short|Great Britain}}2665

|style="background:black; color:white"| 0

½style="background:black; color:white"| 00style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| 0½style="background:black; color:white"| 0½

|style="background:black; color:white"| ½

½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| 01style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½7½

After the actual match, the players filled out the last four days of the playing schedule by playing a series of seven exhibition games (with openings chosen by the arbiter) that Kasparov won 5–2 (+4−1=2). There was also a game in which Kasparov and Short teamed up to play against the commentary team (which lost). In the wake of the decisive victory by Kasparov, interest in chess in the UK soon died down.

1993 FIDE match

As a result of the unauthorized PCA match, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, removed him and Short from their rating lists, and arranged an "official" match between Timman and Karpov, whom Short had beaten in the Candidates final and semifinal respectively. The FIDE match was played in Zwolle, Arnhem, Amsterdam, and Jakarta in September to November 1993.

:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+FIDE World Chess Championship Match 1993

Rating123456789101112131415161718192021Total
align=left | {{flagathlete|Jan Timman|Netherlands}}2620

| 0

style="background:black; color:white"| 1½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| 0½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| 0½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| 00style="background:black; color:white"| 0½style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| 1½8½
align=left | {{flagathlete|Anatoly Karpov|Russia|1991}}2760

|style="background:black; color:white"| 1

0style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½1style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½1

|style="background:black; color:white"| ½

½style="background:black; color:white"| ½1style="background:black; color:white"| 11style="background:black; color:white"| ½½style="background:black; color:white"| ½0style="background:black; color:white"| ½12½

Karpov won the best-of-24 match and thus regained the FIDE championship title that he had previously held from 1975 to 1985 before losing it to Kasparov.[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9193fwix.htm 1993 Karpov–Timman FIDE Title Match], Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

References

{{reflist}}

{{World Chess Championships|state=expanded}}

1993

Category:1993 in chess

Category:Garry Kasparov