Wrangelia
{{Short description|Genus of algae}}
{{Distinguish|Wrangellia}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Wrangelia penicillata.JPG
| image_caption = Wrangelia penicillata
| taxon = Wrangelia
| authority = C. Agardh, 1867
| type_species = Wrangelia penicillata
| type_species_authority = J.Agardh, 1842
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = Bracebridgea {{Au|J.Agardh, 1894}} unaccepted
Haliacantha {{Au|J.Agardh, 1899}}
}}
Wrangelia is a genus of red algae in the family Wrangeliaceae.{{cite journal |last1=Gordon |first1=Elizabeth M |title=Comparative Morphology and Taxonomy of the Wrangelieae, Sphondylothamnieae, and Spermothamnieae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) |journal=Australian Journal of Botany |date=1972 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=1–180}}Dr W.H. Harvey {{google books|inw4AQAAMAAJ|The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, Volume 22, (1855)|page=545}}
The genus was circumscribed by Carl Adolf Agardh in his book Species algarum rite cognitae, cum synonymis, differentiis specificis et descriptionibus succinctis. Voluminis secundi. Sectio prior. pp. [i]-lxxvi, [i]-189. in 1828.
The genus name of Wrangelia is in honour of Fredrik Anton von Wrangel (1786–1842),{{cite web |title=Wrangel, Fredrik Anton {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/a/31832-1 |website=www.ipni.org |access-date=5 December 2022}} who was a Danish-Swedish Chamberlain, and also a botanist and alga specialist.{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen |trans-title=Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2022 | isbn=978-3-946292-41-8 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2022|format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2022 |access-date=January 27, 2022}}
The type species, Wrangelia penicillata is also commonly called Pink bush alga. They form bushy plants, growing up to {{convert|20|cm|0|abbr=on}} in height. They have small branches which travel outwards alternately from either side of the main branches in a single plane. They are light pink purple in colour. The species grows in shallow waters to moderate depths, while attached to nearly any hard substrate{{cite web |last1=Kluijver |first1=M. De |last2=Gijswijt |first2=G. |last3=de Leon |first3=R. |last4=da Cunda |first4=I. |title=Pink bush alga - Wrangelia penicillata |url=http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=caribbean_diving_guide&id=485 |website=species-identification.org |publisher=Marine Species Identification Portal |access-date=5 December 2022}}
Generally, the species has 5 whorl branchlets per segment and a cortex that partially or wholly covers their axes.
Distribution
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.{{cite web |title=Wrangelia C.Agardh, 1828 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2657810 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=5 December 2022 |language=en}} Such as Wrangelia penicillata can be found off the coast of Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean. As well as near Mauritius.Paul C. Silva, Philip W. Basson and Richard L. Moe {{google books|vtBdDwAAQBAJ|Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean (1996)|page=432}} It has also been found in the Mediterranean (off the coasts of Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel and Libya) as well as in the Adriatic Sea.James N. Norris {{google books|wsJxHyduyAEC|Articulated Coralline Algae of the Gulf of California, Mexico, Issues 9-11 (1981)|page=46}}
While Wrangelia gordoniae is found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean.{{cite journal |last1=Bucher |first1=Katina E |last2=Ballantine |first2=David L. |last3=Lozada |first3=Chad |last4=Norris |first4=James N |title=Wrangelia gordoniae , a new species of Rhodophyta (Ceramiales, Wrangeliaceae) from the tropical western Atlantic |journal=Botanica Marina |date=July 2014 |volume=4 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1515/bot-2014-0012}} 5 species of Wrangelia are found near Australia.{{cite web |title=Wrangelia, State Herbarium of South Australia |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/Marine_Benthic_Flora_SA/Part_IIIC/Wrangelia.shtml |website=www.flora.sa.gov.au |access-date=5 December 2022}} Species of Wrangelia are also found near Puerto Rico, and Brazil.{{cite journal |last1=Joly |first1=Aylthon B. |last2=Cordeiro |first2=Marilza |title=ADDITIONS TO THE MARINE FLORA OF BRAZIL II |journal=Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo. Botânica |date=1962 |volume=18 |pages=223–228}}
They can often be found growing on limestone (rock or soils) or be epiphytic on seagrass and seaweeds.{{cite web |title=Phycokey - Wrangelia |url=http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/Choices/Rhodophyceae/Macroreds/WRANGELIA/Wrangelia_key.htm |website=cfb.unh.edu |access-date=5 December 2022}}
Species
As accepted by WoRMS;{{cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Wrangelia C.Agardh, 1828 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=143869 |website=www.marinespecies.org |access-date=5 December 2022}}
{{div col}}
- Wrangelia abietina {{Au|Harvey, 1855}}
- Wrangelia anastomosans {{Au|Yamada, 1941}}Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory {{google books|SRAkAQAAIAAJ|Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory Contributions, 1955-1974, Volume 1 (1976)|page=454}}
- Wrangelia argus {{Au|(Montagne) Montagne, 1856}}
- Wrangelia australis {{Au|(J.Agardh) E.M.Gordon, 1972}}
- Wrangelia balakrishnanii {{Au|B.Subramanian, 1985}}
- Wrangelia bicuspidata {{Au|Børgesen, 1916}}
- Wrangelia confluens {{Au|J.Agardh}}
- Wrangelia dumontii {{Au|(E.Y.Dawson) I.A.Abbott, 1979}}
- Wrangelia elegantissima {{Au|R.E.Norris, 1994}}
- Wrangelia galeae {{Au|Sonder, 1881}}
- Wrangelia globifera {{Au|Meneghini}}
- Wrangelia gordoniae {{Au|K.E.Bucher, D.L.Ballantine, C.Lozada-Troche & J.N.Norris, 2014}}
- Wrangelia hainanensis {{Au|C.K.Tseng, 1942}}
- Wrangelia incurva {{Au|J.Agardh}}
- Wrangelia nigrescens {{Au|Meneghini}}
- Wrangelia nobilis {{Au|J.D.Hooker & Harvey, 1847}}
- Wrangelia penicillata {{Au|(C.Agardh) C.Agardh, 1828}}
- Wrangelia penicillta
- Wrangelia plebeja {{Au|J.Agardh, 1852}}
- Wrangelia plumosa {{Au|Harvey, 1844}}
- Wrangelia purpurifera {{Au|J.Agardh, 1863}}
- Wrangelia sceptrifera {{Au|J.Agardh, 1894}}
- Wrangelia sporigera {{Au|Meneghini}}
- Wrangelia sundaralingamii {{Au|B.Subramanian, 1985}}
- Wrangelia tagoi {{Au|(Okamura) Okamura & Segawa, 1936}}
- Wrangelia tanegana {{Au|Harvey, 1860}}
- Wrangelia tenuis {{Au|Noda, 1964}}
- Wrangelia variabilis {{Au|Derb. & Sol.}}
- Wrangelia velutina {{Au|(Sonder) Harvey, 1855}}
- Wrangelia verticillata {{Au|Kützing, 1847}}
{{div col end}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Other sources
- Dawes, C.J. and A.C. Mathieson (2008). Seaweeds of Florida. University Press of Florida (592 pp).
- Gray, Samuel Octavius, British Sea-Weeds: An Introduction to the Study of the Marine Algae of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands, 1867
- Schneider, C. W. (2003). An annotated checklist and bibliography of the marine macroalgae of the Bermuda Islands. Nova Hedwigia, 76(3-4): 275-361
- Silva, P. C.; Basson, P. W.; Moe, R. L. (1996). Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany. 79: 1-1259