Xanthoma

The term xanthoma stems from Greek ξανθός (xanthós) 'yellow', and -ωμα -oma, a suffix forming nouns indicating a mass or tumor.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

{{Main|Xanthelasma}}

File:Xanthoma histology.jpg]]

A xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, being called a xanthoma only when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.{{cite book | vauthors = Shields C, Shields J |title=Eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7817-7578-6 }} Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/xanthelasma thefreedictionary.com > xanthelasma] Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009

Xanthoma tuberosum (also known as tuberous xanthoma) is characterized by xanthomas located over tuberosity of the joints.{{rp|530}}

Xanthoma tendinosum (also tendon xanthoma or tendinous xanthoma{{cite book | vauthors = Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=1415–16 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 }}) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands, feet, and heel.{{rp|531}} Also associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).{{cite journal | vauthors = van den Bosch HC, Vos LD | title = Achilles'-Tendon Xanthoma in Familial Hypercholesterolemia| journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 338 | issue = 22 | pages = 1591 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9603797 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199805283382205 }}

Eruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.220) is clinically characterized by small, yellowish-orange to reddish-brown papules surrounded by an erythematous halo that appear suddenly all over the body, especially the hands, buttocks, and the extensor surfaces of the extremities.{{rp|531}} It tends to be associated with elevated triglycerides.{{cite journal | vauthors = Digby M, Belli R, McGraw T, Lee A | title = Eruptive xanthomas as a cutaneous manifestation of hypertriglyceridemia: a case report | journal = The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–46 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21278899 | pmc = 3030216 }}

Xanthoma planum (ILDS D76.370), also known as plane xanthoma, is clinically characterized by bands or rectangular plates (macules) and plaques in the dermis spread diffusely over large areas of the body.{{rp|531}}

Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers.{{rp|531}} Palmar xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They occur in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with biliary cirrhosis. The presence of palmar xanthomata, like the presence of tendinous xanthomata, is indicative of hypercholesterolaemia.{{cn|date=March 2022}}

Tuberoeruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.210) is clinically characterized by red papules and nodules that appear inflamed and tend to coalesce.{{rp|532}} Tuberous xanthomata are considered similar, and within the same disease spectrum as eruptive xanthomata.

Other types of xanthoma identified in the Medical Dictionary include:{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/medical_dictionary/x_xerography.html#xanthoma |title=Xanthoma |work=Medical Dictionary - Dictionary of Medicine and Human Biology |access-date=2015-02-05}}

• Xanthoma diabeticorum: a type of eruptive xanthoma, often with severe diabetes.
• Xanthoma disseminatum: a rare xanthoma consisting of non-X histiocytes on flexural (folded) surfaces, associated with diabetes insipidus.
• Verrucous xanthoma, or histiocytosis Y: a papilloma of the oral mucosa and skin whereby the connective tissue under the epithelium contains histiocytes.

• Xanthelasma
• List of xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes

{{reflist}}

{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB = 28524

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|78|2|e|70}} (ILDS E78.280), {{ICD10|K|13|4|k|00}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|272.2}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM =

| MedlinePlus = 001447

| eMedicineSubj = derm

| eMedicineTopic = 461

| MeshID = D014973

| SNOMED CT = 63103006

}}

{{Wiktionary}}

• {{commons-inline}}
• {{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001447| Xanthoma}}

{{Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology}}

{{Lipidemias}}

Category:Medical signs

Category:Hepatology

Category:Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism