Xanthophryne koynayensis

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}

{{Italic title}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Xanthophryne koynayensis, an adult male.jpg

| image_caption = Adult male

| status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Robert Inger |date=2004 |title=Xanthophryne koynayensis |volume=2004 |page=e.T54684A11173845 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54684A11173845.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}

| taxon = Xanthophryne koynayensis

| authority = (Soman, 1963)

| synonyms = Bufo koynayensis Soman, 1963

Bufo sulphureus Grandison and Daniel, 1964

}}

Xanthophryne koynayensis (common names: Humbali Village toad, chrome-yellow toad, Koyna toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India where it is known from Koyna (including Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary) in the Maharashtra state.{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Xanthophryne/Xanthophryne-koynayensis |title=Xanthophryne koynayensis (Soman, 1963) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=24 July 2014}} Formerly included in the genus Bufo it has been since made the type species for the genus Xanthophryne and is a sister species of Xanthophryne tigerina.{{cite journal |last1=Biju|first1=S.D.|last2=Van Bocxlaer|first2=Ines|last3=Giri|first3=Varad B.|last4=Loader|first4=Simon P.|last5=Bossuyt|first5=Franky |title=Two new endemic genera and a new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats of India |journal=BMC Research Notes |year=2009 |volume=2 |page=241 |doi=10.1186/1756-0500-2-241|pmid=19968866|pmc=2797014|citeseerx=10.1.1.356.3062 |doi-access=free }}

History

Xanthophryne koynayensis has been described twice using the same materials collected in connection with the Koyna Hydroelectric Project: first as Bufo koynayensis by Soman in 1963, and then as Bufo sulphureus by Grandison and Daniel in 1964.

Description

Xanthophryne koynayensis are relatively small toads: adult males measure {{convert|24|-|32|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. The body is covered by small warts with black tips and dark brown in colour; there are yellow patches on the flanks, thighs, and shoulders. The tympanum is indistinct.

Habitat and conservation

Xanthophryne koynayensis is a rare species. Its natural habitats are moist to wet evergreen forest and dry riparian grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and clear cutting of forests.

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite journal |last1=Grandison |first1=A. G. C. |last2=Daniel |first2=J. C. |year=1964 |title=Description of a new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from Satara district, Maharashtra, India |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=61 |pages=192–194 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48072728#page/236/mode/1up }}

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1390810}}

koynayensis

Category:Frogs of India

Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Category:Amphibians described in 1963