Xenurolebias
{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Xenurolebias
| authority = W. J. E. M. Costa, 2006
| type_species = Simpsonichthys myersi
| type_species_authority = Carvalho, 1971{{Cof record|genid=10901|title=Xenurolebias|access-date =16 September 2019}}
}}
Xenurolebias is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to temporary pools in the Atlantic forest near the coast in southeast Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil.Costa, W.J.E.M. & Amorim, P.F. (2014): Integrative taxonomy and conservation of seasonal killifishes, Xenurolebias (Teleostei: Rivulidae), and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12 (3): 350-365.
They are small fish, up to {{cvt|6|cm}} in total length.{{FishBase genus | genus=Xenurolebias | month=November | year=2018 }} As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.
Species
Xenurolebias was formerly regarded as a subgenus of Simpsonichthys.{{cite journal | author=Costa, W.J.E.M. | year=2016 | title=Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids | journal=Vertebrate Zoology | volume=66 | issue=2 | pages=125–140 | doi=10.3897/vz.66.e31538 | doi-access=free }}{{cite journal | author1=Loureiro, M. | author2=R. De Sá | author3=S.W. Serra | author4=F. Alonso | author5=L.E.K. Lanés | author6=M.V. Volcan | author7=P. Calviño | author8=D. Nielsen | author9=A. Duarte | author10=G. Garcia | year=2018 | title=Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998 | journal=Neotropical Ichthyology | volume=16 | issue=3 | page=e180007 | doi=10.1590/1982-0224-20180007 | doi-access=free | hdl=20.500.12008/26301 | hdl-access=free }}