Xestia alpicola

{{Italic title}}

{{short description|Species of moth}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Northern dart

| image = Xestia alpicola.jpg

| image_caption =

| taxon = Xestia alpicola

| authority = (Humphreys & Westwood, 1843){{Verify source|date=January 2011}}

| synonyms =Agrotis alpina Humphreys & Westwood, 1843

Agrotis carnica Hering, 1846

Agrotis iveni Hüber, 1870

Hadena alpicola Zetterstedt, 1839

Hadena aquilonaris Zetterstedt, 1839

Hadena hyperborea Zetterstedt, 1839

Orthosia glacialis Herrich-Schäffer, 1849

Xestia hyperborea Zetterstedt 1839

}}

Xestia alpicola, the northern dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from northern Europe across the Palearctic to central Siberia and in the Alps.

Technical description and variation

{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}

The wingspan is 35–40 mm. Forewing grey shaded with fuscous, with only a slight reddish tint in the middle, the stigmata, which are large, and the lines, fairly distinct; hindwing fuscous with pale fringe; the female smaller than the male; — ab. hyperborea Zett. has the grey ground more varied with reddish and fuscous, the markings clearer; — in ab. aquilonaris Zett., grey clouded with brownish fuscous, the markings are blurred; all these greyer forms are from Lapland; — ab. alpina Humphr. & Westw., is buff grey varied with red, occurring in the North of Scotland and Ireland; — ab. coerulescens Tutt is the rich red-brown form with lilac-grey markings and blackish wedge-shaped streaks, found in the Shetland isles; — ab. carnica Hering is the rufous insect taken in the Carinthian Alps.Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914

Image:Buckler W The larvæ of the British butterflies and moths PlateLXXX.jpg

Biology

Adults are on wing from June to August. It has a two-year life cycle, the larvae overwintering twice.

Larva brown-red; dorsum with dark striae forming a row of V-shaped marks; dorsal and subdorsal lines ochreous, partially black-edged; spiracular pale and obscure. The larvae mainly feed on Empetrum nigrum, but have also been recorded from other plants, including Calluna

File:Graubünden Umbrailpass 16.JPG

Subspecies

  • Xestia alpicola alpicola (Zetterstedt, 1839) (northern Europe to central Siberia)
  • Xestia alpicola alpina (northern British Isles)
  • Xestia alpicola carnica (Hering, 1846) (Alps)
  • Xestia alpicola ryffelensis (Oberthür, 1904) (Alps)

References

{{Reflist}}