Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township
{{Infobox settlement
| unit_pref = Metric
| name = Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township
| native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|zh-hans|下露河朝鲜族乡|italics=off}}|{{native name|ko|하로하조선족향|italics=off}}}}
| settlement_type = Ethnic township
| coor_pinpoint = Xialuhe Township government
| coordinates = {{coord|40.8931|N|125.5147|E|type:city_region:CN-21_dim:10000_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| pushpin_map = Liaoning
| pushpin_label = Xialuhe
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Liaoning
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = China
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Liaoning
| subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city
| subdivision_name2 = Dandong
| subdivision_type3 = Autonomous county
| subdivision_name3 = Kuandian
| area_total_km2 = 269.84
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_total = 10,887
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| timezone1 = China Standard
| utc_offset1 = +8
}}
Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township ({{zh|labels=|s=下露河朝鲜族乡|t=下露河朝鮮族鄉|p=Xiàlùhé Cháoxiǎnzú Xiāng}}), also known as Haroha Korean Ethnic Township ({{Korean|hangul=하로하조선족향|hanja=下露河朝鮮族鄕|rr=Haroha Joseonjok Hyang|mr=Haroha Chosŏnjok Hyang}}),{{Cite web|script-title=ko:하로하조선족향|trans-title=Haroha Korean Ethnic Township|url=http://www.okpedia.kr/Contents/ContentsView?contentsId=GC05305795&localCode=krcn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628183045/http://www.okpedia.kr/Contents/ContentsView?contentsId=GC05305795&localCode=krcn|archive-date=2021-06-28|website=www.okpedia.kr|language=ko}} is an ethnic township in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2009-04-28 |script-title=zh:下露河朝鲜族乡|trans-title=Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township|url=http://xzqh.org/html/show/ln/3997.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708155023/http://xzqh.org/html/show/ln/3997.html|archive-date=2020-07-08|access-date=2020-07-08|website=xzqh.org|language=zh}} Located {{Convert|63.8|km|mi}} east of the county center, the township spans an area of {{Convert|269.84|km2|mi2}},{{Cite book |title= |date=May 2020 |publisher=中国统计出版社, 国家统计局农村社会经济调查司 |isbn=9787503791390 |editor-last= |location=Beijing |page=118 |language=zh |script-title=zh:中国县域统计年鉴·2019（乡镇卷）}} and is home to 10,887 people as of 2018.
History
Throughout the 1920s on through the 1940s, the area of present-day Xialuhe was a hotbed of Korean independence armies, who often sparred with occupying Japanese forces.{{Cite web|date=2018-07-04|title=|script-title=ko:진통을 겪는 하로하 9년일관제학교 조선족반|url=http://www.iybtv.com/p/160194.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628184157/http://www.iybtv.com/p/160194.html|archive-date=2021-06-28|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.iybtv.com|publisher={{ill|Yanbian Radio and Television Broadcasting Station|zh|延边广播电视台|ko|연변라지오텔레비죤방송}}|language=ko}}
In 1958, Xialuhe Township was created. Xialuhe was re-designated from a township to an ethnic township in 1987.
Administrative divisions
Xialuhe is divided into 6 administrative villages.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019|script-title=zh:2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/21/06/24/210624212.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708160314/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/21/06/24/210624212.html|archive-date=2020-07-08|access-date=2020-07-08|website=stats.gov.cn|language=zh}}
- Majiazi/Magaja ({{zh|labels=no|s=马架子村|t=|p=}}, {{Korean|hangul=마가자촌|labels=no}})
- Lianjiang ({{zh|labels=no|s=连江村|t=|p=}})
- Tongjiang/Tonggang ({{zh|labels=no|s=通江村|t=|p=}}, {{Korean|hangul=통강촌|labels=no}})
- Chuangou/Cheongu ({{zh|labels=no|s=川沟村|t=|p=}}, {{Korean|hangul=천구촌|labels=no}})
- Shuanglian ({{zh|labels=no|s=双联村|t=|p=}})
- Shuangguang ({{zh|labels=no|s=双广村|t=|p=}})
Demographics
Xialuhe Korean Ethnic Township has a population of 10,887 as of 2018.
As of 2010, the ethnic township had a population of 10,370, of which there are 5,371 males and 4,999 females.{{Cite web|title=Xiàlùhé Cháoxiānzú Xiāng|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/dandong/ku%C4%81ndi%C3%A0n_m%C4%83nz%C3%BA_z%C3%ACzh/210624212__xi%C3%A0l%C3%B9h%C3%A9_ch%C3%A1oxi%C4%81nz%C3%BA_/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627233739/https://citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/dandong/ku%C4%81ndi%C3%A0n_m%C4%83nz%C3%BA_z%C3%ACzh/210624212__xi%C3%A0l%C3%B9h%C3%A9_ch%C3%A1oxi%C4%81nz%C3%BA_/|archive-date=2021-06-27|access-date=2021-06-27|website=www.citypopulation.de}} That year, there were 1,327 people aged 14 and under, 7,941 people aged 15 to 64, and 1,102 people aged 65 and up.{{Cite web|title=Xiàlùhé Cháoxiānzú Xiāng|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/dandong/ku%C4%81ndi%C3%A0n_m%C4%83nz%C3%BA_z%C3%ACzh/210624212__xi%C3%A0l%C3%B9h%C3%A9_ch%C3%A1oxi%C4%81nz%C3%BA_/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627233739/https://citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/dandong/ku%C4%81ndi%C3%A0n_m%C4%83nz%C3%BA_z%C3%ACzh/210624212__xi%C3%A0l%C3%B9h%C3%A9_ch%C3%A1oxi%C4%81nz%C3%BA_/|archive-date=2021-06-27|access-date=2021-06-27|website=www.citypopulation.de}}
A 2009 estimate placed Xialuhe's population at about 11,200.
As of 2007, there were approximately 1,100 ethnic Koreans living in Xialuhe, however, Xialuhe's ethnic Korean population has declined in recent years, largely due to low birth rates, migration to urban areas, and emigration to South Korea. By the 2010s, a local Korean language newspaper reported that many schoolchildren in Xialuhe cannot speak Korean.
Education
Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, a number of bilingual schools teaching in both Mandarin Chinese and Korean have been established in Xialuhe. However, due to the decline in the local ethnic Korean population, a number of these schools have been closed or merged in recent years.