Yaka language (Congo–Angola)

{{Short description|Bantu language spoken in Angola and DRC}}

{{For|other languages with the name spoken in Congo|Yaka language (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Yaka

|altname=Iyaka

|nativename=Kiyaka

|states=Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola

|ethnicity=Yaka

|speakers={{sigfig|912,780|1}}

|date=2000

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Niger-Congo

|fam2=Atlantic–Congo

|fam3=Volta-Congo

|fam4=Benue–Congo

|fam5=Bantoid

|fam6=Southern Bantoid

|fam7=Bantu (Zone H)

|fam8=Kongo-Yaka

|fam9=Yaka languages

|lc1=yaf |ld1=Kiyaka

|lc2=noq |ld2=Ngoongo

|lc3=ppp |ld3=Pelende (duplicate code)

|lc4=lnz |ld4=Lonzo (duplicate code)

|glotto=yaka1269

|glottorefname=Yaka-Pelende-Lonzo

|guthrie=H.31

}}

Yaka, also spelled Iaca and Iyaka, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. There are two dialects, Yaka proper, which comprises 99% of speakers, and Ngoongo (distinguish West Ngongo language). The alleged varieties Pelende and Lonzo are political rather than ethnolinguistic entities.Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

colspan="2" |Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

|

|

|

rowspan="4" |Plosive

!voiceless

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

|

| {{IPA link|k}}

|

aspirated

| {{IPA link|pʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʰ}}

|

| {{IPA link|kʰ}}

|

prenasal

| {{IPA link|ᵐb}}

| {{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|

| {{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

|

voiced

| {{IPA link|b}}

|

|

|

|

rowspan="2" |Affricate

!voiceless

| {{IPA link|p͡f}}

|{{IPA link|t͡s}}

|

|

|

prenasal

| {{IPA link|ᶬb͡v}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿd͡z}}

|

|

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

| {{IPA link|f}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|h}}

voiced

| {{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|z}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

| {{IPA link|w}}

| {{IPA link|l}}

| {{IPA link|j}}

|

|

  • The following consonants when preceding /w/ may also be labialized; /tʷ, kʷ, bʷ, ᵐbʷ, ⁿd͡zʷ, ᵑɡʷ, fʷ, sʷ, hʷ, vʷ, mʷ, nʷ, lʷ/.
  • The following consonants when preceding /j/ may also be palatalized; /tʲ, kʲ, bʲ, dʲ, t͡sʲ, sʲ, hʲ, zʲ, mʲ, nʲ/.{{Cite book |last=Kidima |first=Lukowa |title=Tone and accent in KiYaka |publisher=Ann Arbor: University of California at Los Angeles |year=1991}}

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

| {{IPAlink|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

| {{IPAlink|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Mid

| {{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}

|

| {{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}

Open

|

| {{IPAlink|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yaka language (Congo-Angola)}}

Category:Yaka languages

Category:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Category:Languages of Angola