Yale, Kansas

Yale was a mining town on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00chic | title=A Twentieth Century History and Biographical Record of Crawford County, Kansas | publisher=The Lewis Publishing Company | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00chic/page/51 51]}} Founded by the Western Coal and Mining Company, Yale served as a primarily African American mining camp from 1890 to 1930.{{Cite web |title=Yale African American Cemetery Collection {{!}} Pittsburg State University Research {{!}} Pittsburg State University Digital Commons |url=https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/yale_cemetery/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=digitalcommons.pittstate.edu}} In the 1890s, Yale was involved in the Big Four Strikes in 1893 and 1899.{{Cite journal |last=Rietcheck |first=Chase |date=2009 |title=The Major Strike in Pittsburg Kansas: Strike of 1899 on the Major Coal Mining Strike of 1899 |url=https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=hist |journal=Theory and Practice: HIST430 |volume=Fall 2009 |pages=10-13 |via=Pittsburg State University Digital Commons}} Both strikes resulted in many non-union black miners being brought to the area to work in the mines.{{Cite web |title=Yale African American Cemetery Collection {{!}} Pittsburg State University Research {{!}} Pittsburg State University Digital Commons |url=https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/yale_cemetery/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=digitalcommons.pittstate.edu}} Black miners were recruited from Alabama to provide labor during the mining strikes.{{Cite web |title=African American Residents in Kansas - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society |url=https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/african-american-residents-in-kansas/17878 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.kshs.org}} In 1893, 375 black miners settled in Yale and in 1899, the first importation included 175 black miners. During both strikes, black miners were brought to Yale via the Missouri Pacific Railroad by the Western Coal Mining Company. In 1899, black miners arriving at Yale were shuttled into a stockade to protect them from white striking miners who were not pleased with their arrival.{{Cite journal |last=Robb |first=John |date=1969 |title=The Black Coal Miner of Southeast Kansas |url=https://cdm16884.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16884coll50/id/58 |journal=History of Minority Groups in Kansas |issue=2 |pages=5,9,13 |via=Kansas Government Information Online Library}} After the second strike ended in September 1899, coal mining companies continued to recruit African American Miners.

By 1900, Yale had grown into a town with a post office, stores, schools, churches, a doctor, and several buildings and homes for the miners and their families. A post office was opened in Yale in 1892, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1914.{{cite web |title=Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961, page 2 (archived) |url=http://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_postoffices/search/page:2/county:CR |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009175340/http://www.kshs.org/geog/geog_postoffices/search/page:2/county:CR |archive-date=October 9, 2013 |access-date=6 June 2014 |publisher=Kansas Historical Society}} Newly arriving black miners had to live in a skating rink that was converted into a boarding house. In 1900, the “Big Colored* Band from Yale,” serenaded president Theodore Roosevelt’s arrival in Pittsburg. Additionally, in February and March of that year, there were two mild outbreaks of smallpox.

Due to the black migration, racial violence and anti-black sentiment started to grow in the area that was typical during the American Nadir.{{Cite book |last=Loewen |first=James |title=Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism |date=July 17, 2018 |publisher=The New Press |isbn=9781620974346 |edition=2nd |pages=161}} A local cemetery, now called the Yale African American Cemetery, is located north of Mindenmines, a sundown town east of Yale, in Barton County, Missouri. It is estimated that 248 individuals are buried in the cemetery. By the early 1930s, most of the African American residents had been forced out of their homes, taking part in the Great Migration, moving north to Kansas City.   

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{{See also|Crawford County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Crawford County, Kansas}}

• Crawford County maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/crawford.PDF Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/bureaus/burtransplan/maps/PastPublishedCounty.asp Historic], KDOT

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Category:Census-designated places in Crawford County, Kansas

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