Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale

Goodman and his colleagues have developed the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale—Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II) in an effort to modify the original scale which, according to Goodman, "[has become] the gold standard measure of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom severity". In creating the Y-BOCS-II, changes were made "to the Severity Scale item content and scoring framework, integrating avoidance into the scoring of Severity Scale items, and modifying the Symptom Checklist content and format". After reliability tests, Goodman concluded that "Taken together, the Y-BOCS-II has excellent psychometric properties in assessing the presence and severity, of obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Although the Y-BOCS remains a reliable and valid measure, the Y-BOCS-II may provide an alternative method of assessing symptom presence and severity."{{cite journal | last1 = Storch | first1 = E. A. | last2 = Larson | first2 = M. J. | last3 = Goodman | first3 = W. K. | last4 = Rasmussen | first4 = S. A. | last5 = Price | first5 = L. H. | last6 = Murphy | first6 = T. K. | year = 2010 | title = Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale–Second Edition | journal = Psychological Assessment | volume = 22 | issue = 2| pages = 223–232 | doi = 10.1037/a0018492 | pmid=20528050| s2cid = 37768563 }}

Studies have been conducted by members of the Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology to determine the accuracy of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (specifically as it appears in its Persian format). The members applied the scale to a group of individuals and, after ensuring a normal distribution of data, a series of reliability tests were performed. According to the authors, "[the] results supported satisfactory validity and reliability of translated form of Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale for research and clinical diagnostic applications".{{cite journal | last1 = Esfahani | first1 = S. | last2 = Motaghipour | first2 = Y. | last3 = Kamkari | first3 = K. | last4 = Zahiredin | first4 = A. | last5 = Janbozorgi | first5 = M. | year = 2012 | title = Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). (English) | journal = Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology | volume = 17 | issue = 4| pages = 297–303 }}

The children's version of the Y-BOCS, or the Children's Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scales (CY-BOCS), is a clinician-report questionnaire designed to assess symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder from childhood through early adolescence.{{cite journal|last2=Price|first2=LH|last3=Rasmussen|first3=SA|last4=Mazure|first4=C|last5=Fleischmann|first5=RL|last6=Hill|first6=CL|last7=Heninger|first7=GR|last8=Charney|first8=DS|date=November 1989|title=The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability.|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=46|issue=11|pages=1006–11|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007|pmid=2684084|last1=Goodman|first1=WK}}

The CY-BOCS contains 70 questions and takes about 15 to 25 minutes. Each question is designed to ask about symptoms of obsessive–compulsive behavior, though the exact breakdown of questions is unknown{{how|date=December 2018}}. For each question, children rate the degree to which the question applies on a scale of 0–4. Based on research, this assessment has been found to be statistically valid and reliable,{{cite journal|last2=Storch|first2=EA|last3=Merlo|first3=LJ|last4=Ricketts|first4=ED|last5=Geffken|first5=GR|last6=Goodman|first6=WK|last7=Murphy|first7=TK|date=December 2008|title=Convergent and discriminant validity of the Children's Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Symptom Checklist.|journal=Journal of Anxiety Disorders|volume=22|issue=8|pages=1369–76|doi=10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.017|pmid=18329843|last1=Gallant|first1=J}} but not necessarily helpful with moderate accuracy for identifying children who may require further evaluation for OCD.{{Cite report |url=https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/research |title=Diagnosis and Management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review |last=Steele |first=Dale W. |last2=Caputo |first2=Eduardo L. |last3=Kanaan |first3=Ghid |last4=Zahradnik |first4=Michael L. |last5=Brannon |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Freeman |first6=Jennifer B. |last7=Balk |first7=Ethan M. |last8=Trikalinos |first8=Thomas A. |last9=Adam |first9=Gaelen P. |date=2024-12-06 |publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) |doi=10.23970/ahrqepccer276|url-access=subscription }}

The CY-BOCS has been adapted into several self- and parent-report versions, designed to be completed by parent and child working together, although most have not been psychometrically validated. However, these versions still ask the child to rate the severity of their obsessive–compulsive behaviors and the degree to which each has been impairing. While this measure has been found to be useful in a clinic setting, scores and interpretations are taken with a grain of salt, given the lack of validation.{{cite book|title=Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Childhood OCD: It's Only a False Alarm Therapist Guide|last2=Langley|first2=A|last3=Roblek|first3=T|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195310511|last1=Piacentini|first1=J}}

Another version, which is parent-focused, is similar to the original CY-BOCS and is administered to both parent and child by the clinician. This version was distributed by Solvay Pharmaceuticals in the late 1990s, creating an association between the measure and a number of pharmaceutical groups that has caused it to be avoided by most clinicians. Severity cutoff scores for this version have not been empirically determined.{{cite journal|last2=Bergman|first2=RL|last3=Chang|first3=S|last4=Langley|first4=A|last5=Peris|first5=T|last6=Wood|first6=JJ|last7=McCracken|first7=J|date=November 2011|title=Controlled comparison of family cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoeducation/relaxation training for child obsessive–compulsive disorder.|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=50|issue=11|pages=1149–61|doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2011.08.003|pmid=22024003|last1=Piacentini|first1=J|pmc=3205429}}

• List of diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite journal |last1=Geller |first1=Daniel A. |last2=March |first2=John |author3=AACAP Committee on Quality Issues |date=January 2012 |title=Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=98–113 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.019 |doi-access=free |pmid=22176943 |url=http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(11)00882-3/fulltext }}

{{Wikiversity|Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150807093653/http://icahn.mssm.edu/static_files/MSSM/Files/Departments/Psychiatry/RatingScales-YBOCS.pdf Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale] – archived official paper version of Y-BOCS
• [http://www.ocd.yale.edu Yale OCD Research Clinic] – link to clinic where the Y-BOCS was developed
• [http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp Tables of screening tools and rating scales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927153032/http://www2.massgeneral.org/schoolpsychiatry/screeningtools_table.asp |date=2015-09-27 }}
• [http://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/fdscontent/uscompanion/us/pdf/treatments/protected/cybocsselfreport.pdf Self-report version of the CY-BOCS]
• [http://www.div12.org/psychological-treatments/disorders/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/exposure-and-response-prevention-for-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/ Exposure and response prevention for OCD]
• [http://www.div12.org/psychological-treatments/treatments/cognitive-therapy-for-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/ Cognitive behavioral therapy for OCD]
• [http://www.div12.org/psychological-treatments/treatments/acceptance-and-commitment-therapy-for-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/ Acceptance and commitment therapy for OCD]
• [https://sccap53.org Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology]
• [http://effectivechildtherapy.org/concerns-symptoms-disorders/disorders/self-injurious-thoughts-and-behaviors/ EffectiveChildTherapy.Org information on rule-breaking, defiance, and acting out]

{{Obsessive–compulsive disorder}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale}}

Category:Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Category:Mental disorders screening and assessment tools