Yan (An–Shi)
{{short description|State during the An Lushan rebellion (756–763)}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = {{lang|zh-hant|燕}}
| conventional_long_name = Yan
| image_map = An Lushan Rebellion.png
| map_caption = Map showing the An Lushan Rebellion
| common_name = Yan
| national_motto =
| status =
| government_type = Monarchy
| year_start = 756
| year_end = 763
| era = An Lushan Rebellion
| p1 = Tang dynasty
| s1 = Tang dynasty
| event_start = An Lushan's self-declaration as emperor
| date_start = February 5
| event_end = Shi Chaoyi's suicide
| capital = Luoyang (756–757)
Yecheng (757–759)
Fanyang (759)
Luoyang (759–762)
| common_languages = Chinese
| religion = Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
| currency = Chinese coin, Chinese cash
| leader1 = An Lushan, 1st
| leader2 = An Qingxu, 2nd
| leader3 = Shi Siming, 3rd
| leader4 = Shi Chaoyi, 4th
| year_leader1 = 756–757
| year_leader2 = 757–759
| year_leader3 = 759–761
| year_leader4 = 761–763
| title_leader = Emperor
| today = China
}}
Yan ({{zh|t=燕|p=Yān}}), also known as the Great Yan ({{zh|t=大燕|p=Dà Yān|links=no}}), was a dynastic state of China established in 756 by the former Tang general An Lushan, after he rebelled against Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in 755. The state collapsed in 763 with the death of An Lushan's former subordinate Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming), who was the last person to claim the title as emperor of Yan.
Rulers of Yan
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; "
|+ Great Yan (燕; 756–763) |
| width="12%" | Personal name
! scope="col" width="25%" | Reign{{sfnm|Moule|1957|pp=54–62}} ! scope="col" width="21%" | Era name |
|---|
| An Lushan
(安祿山) | 5 February 756 – 29 January 757 |Shèngwǔ (聖武) 756–758 |
| An Qingxu
(安慶緒) |30 January 757 – 10 April 759 |
|
| Shi Siming
(史思明) |9 May 759 – 18 April 761 |Shùntiān (順天) 759 (?) |
| Shi Chaoyi
(史朝義) |April 761 – February 763 |Xiǎnshèng (顯聖) 761–763 |
An Lushan (10 February 703 – 29 January 757, age 54){{sfn|Moule|1957|pp=54–62 (birth and death dates)}}{{harvnb|Levy|1960|pp=75–95ff}} ruled a Jiedushi under Xuanzong and rebelled on 16 December 755. He proclaimed emperor in Luoyang, the eastern capital. He then captured Chang'an, the western capital, on July 756. An Lushan was likely of Sodgian origins. His rebellion led to one of the bloodiest wars in human history. He was murdered by his son.{{sfnm|1a1=Twitchett|1y=1979|1pp=452–484; 561–571|2a1=Xiong|2y=2009|2p=40}}
An Qingxu, son of An Lushan, succeeded his father. He was murdered by rebels.{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=40|1pp=}}
Shi Siming (703–761, age 58), a lieutenant under An Lushan, succeeded An Qingxu. He was murdered by his son.{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=451|1pp=}}
Shi Chaoyi, son of Shi Siming, succeeded his father. He committed suicide after losing Luoyang to Li Huaixian.{{sfnm|1a1=Xiong|1y=2009|1p=|1pp=448–449}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book |author=Liu Xu (劉昫)|orig-date=945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gLJ47GlBUgC&pg=PA81 |title=Biography of An Lu-shan |series=Old Book of Tang|year=1960|translator-last=Howard S. Levy|ref={{sfnRef|Levy|1960}}}}
- {{cite book |last=Moule |first=Arthur C. |author-link=Arthur Christopher Moule |year=1957 |title=The Rulers of China, 221 BC–AD 1949 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |oclc=223359908 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-rulers-of-china |url-access=limited }}
- {{cite book |author=Yao Ju-n̂eng (姚汝能)|orig-date=8th century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W0vRAAAAMAAJ |title=Histoire de Ngan Lou-chan |year=1962|translator-last=Robert des Rotours |translator-link=:fr:Robert des Rotours|ref={{sfnRef|des Rotours|1962}}}}
- {{cite book |editor-last1=Twitchett |editor-first1=Denis |editor-link1=Denis Twitchett |editor-last2=Fairbank |editor-first2=John K. |editor-link2=John King Fairbank |year=1979 |title=The Cambridge History of China 3: Sui and T'ang China |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-21446-9 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44170345 |ref={{sfnRef|Twitchett|1979}} }}
- {{cite book |last=Xiong |first=Victor Cunrui |year=2009 |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval China |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=978-0-8108-6053-7 |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=UD8Nvn7Ca18C}} }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yan (An-Shi)}}
Category:Former countries in Chinese history
Category:States and territories established in the 750s