Yazoo River
{{Short description|River in the United States}}
{{About|an individual river|type of tributary|Yazoo stream}}
{{Coord|32|20|8|N|90|53|50|W|rwgion:US-MS_type:river|display=title}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Yazoo River
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| image =
Yazoo River control structure.jpg
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| image_caption = A control structure on the Yazoo River
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| map = {{maplink|from=Yazoo River.map |type=line |frame=yes |plain=yes |frame-align=center |frame-width=270 |frame-height=200}}
| map_size =
| map_caption = Yazoo River
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = United States
| subdivision_type2 = States
| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist |Mississippi |Louisiana}}
| subdivision_type3 = Counties
| subdivision_name3 = {{hlist |Leflore |Holmes |Humphreys |Yazoo |Sharkey |Issaquena |Warren}}
| subdivision_type4 = Parish
| subdivision_name4 = Madison
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| length = {{convert |188|mi|km}}
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| source1 = Confluence of Tallahatchie and Yalobusha rivers
| source1_location = Greenwood, Mississippi
| source1_coordinates= {{coord |33.5564|N|90.1835|W|format=dms}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = Mississippi River
| mouth_location = Vicksburg, Mississippi
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord |32.3339|N|90.9029|W|format=dms|display=inline}}
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| river_system = Mississippi River
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| cities = {{hlist |Greenwood |Belzoni |Yazoo City|Vicksburg}}
}}
The Yazoo River is a river primarily in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is considered by some to mark the southern boundary of what is called the Mississippi Delta, a broad floodplain that was cultivated for cotton plantations before the American Civil War. It has continued to be devoted to large-scale agriculture.
History
The Yazoo River was named by French explorer La Salle in 1682 as "Rivière des Yazous" in reference to the Yazoo tribe living near the river's mouth at its confluence with the Mississippi. The exact meaning of the term is unclear. One long held belief is that it means "river of death".[https://books.google.com/books?id=zDDbANUdH5sC&dq=yazoo+river+of+death&pg=PA657 Johnson's (revised) Universal Cyclopaedia. 1886.]
The river is 188 miles (303 km) long and is formed by the confluence of the Tallahatchie and the Yalobusha rivers, where modern Greenwood developed. The river parallels the Mississippi River in the latter's floodplain for some distance before joining it north of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Natural levees which flank the Mississippi prevent the Yazoo from joining it before Vicksburg. A "yazoo stream" is a hydrologic term that was coined to describe any river or major stream with similar characteristics. Potamologists believe the Yazoo River had its origins as the lower Ohio River.Mills, Gary B. (Nov. 1979). "New life for the river of death:development of the Yazoo River Basin, 1873-1977". Journal of Mississippi History. 41, 4. p. 287.
The French (and later the Anglo-American settlers) historically called the surrounding area of Mississippi and Alabama the Yazoo lands, after the river. This became the basis for naming the Yazoo Land Scandal of the late 18th and early 19th century.
The river was of major importance during the American Civil War. The Confederates used the first electrically detonated underwater mine in the river in 1862 near Vicksburg to sink the Union ironclad USS Cairo. The last section of the Cairo was raised on December 12, 1964. It has been restored and is on permanent display to the public at the Vicksburg National Military Park. There are 29 sunken ships from the Civil War beneath the waters of the river. The steamer Dew Drop was reportedly sunk near Roebuck Lake as an obstruction to the United States Navy, but Union sources claim the vessel was captured and burned.Smith, Frank E. (1988). The Yazoo River. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. p. 150. {{ISBN|0-87805-355-7}}.
Variant names of the Yazoo River include Zasu River, Yazous River, Yahshoo River, Rivière des Yasoux, and Fiume del Yasous.
In 1876, the Mississippi River changed its course, shifting west several miles and leaving Vicksburg without a river front. In 1902, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers diverted the Yazoo River into the old river bed, forming the Yazoo Diversion Canal. The modern-day port of Vicksburg is still located on this canal. Commercial navigation of the Yazoo River has declined considerably since the 1990s and is mainly concentrated on the section from Vicksburg to Yazoo City.Stole, Bryn. (23 May 2015). "Goods moving on Yazoo River declines". The Greenwood Commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss). Retrieved 9 December 2015. [http://www.clarionledger.com/story/money/business/2015/05/23/goods-moving-yazoo-river-declines/27850685/ Clarion Ledger website]
At Long Lake, Mississippi, the river flows 18,486 cubic feet per second.{{Cite web |url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/ms/nwis/annual/?format=sites_selection_links&search_site_no=07288955&agency_cd=USGS&referred_module=sw |title=USGS Surface Water data for Mississippi: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics}}
Gallery
File:Mississippi Yazoo Delta.jpg|Outline of the Mississippi Delta region, through which the Yazoo River runs
File:Vicksburg December 2018 07 (Yazoo River).jpg|Yazoo River in Vicksburg, Mississippi
File:Yazoo river.gif|Yazoo River flows from Greenwood to Vicksburg. Not all tributaries are shown.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{Gnis|695222|Yazoo River}}
; Geology
- [https://lmvmapping.erdc.usace.army.mil/Yazoo.htm Yazoo Basin - Engineering Geology Mapping Program] PDF files of publications about and maps of the geology of the Yazoo River region.
; Ecoregions
- [http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm Ecoregions of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain]
- [http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/ms_eco.htm Ecoregions of Mississippi]
{{authority control}}
Category:Rivers of Mississippi
Category:Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Category:Bodies of water of Humphreys County, Mississippi
Category:Bodies of water of Yazoo County, Mississippi
Category:Bodies of water of Leflore County, Mississippi
Category:Bodies of water of Warren County, Mississippi