Yellow-fruit nightshade

Yellow-fruit nightshade is an erect herb, that is sometimes woody at the base, and measures {{convert|50|-|70|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall. It is copiously armed with sturdy, needlelike, and broad-based prickles measuring 0.5-2cm x 0.5-1.5mm.[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321212997_Floral_wealth_of_Achara-_A_sacred_village_on_central_west_coast_of_India Gokhale, Mahesh &, S.S.Shaikh & Chavan, Niranjana &, S.V.Toro. (2013). Floral wealth of Achara- A sacred village on central west coast of India. ]

The plant has ovate-oblong, sinuated leaves that are unequally paired, with blades measuring 4-9cm × 2-4.5cm. They have an acute apex, unequal lobes and are either pinnate or possessive of usually 5-9 lobes. The veins and stalks of the leaves are prickly, and the stalks have a length of 2-3.5cm.

The racemose inflorescence of the plant is 4-7cm tall, and the bell-shaped sepal tube has a diameter of 1cm.

The blue-purple flowers measure 1.4–1.6 cm × 2.5 cm. The petals are ovate-deltate, measure 6–8mm, and are densely pubescent with stellate hairs. The filaments have a measurement of 1mm, the anthers 8mm, and the style 1cm.

The yellow-fruit nightshade’s fruiting pedicels are 2–3.6cm tall. They have prickles and sparse stellate hairs, while the fruiting sepals are prickly and sparsely pubescent. Pale yellow berries of 1.3–2.2cm in diameter are produced, when ripe the yellow fruits are around 3cm in diameter.Rémi Tournebize, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249656841_Points_on_the_ethno-ecological_knowledge_and_practices_among_four_Scheduled_Tribes_of_the_Nilgiris_Toda_Kota_Alu_Kurumba_and_Irula_with_emphasis_on_Toda_ethnobotany/file/72e7e51e67d305cd74.pdf Points on the ethno-ecological knowledge and practices among four Scheduled Tribes of the Nilgiris: Toda, Kota, Alu Kurumba and Irula, with emphasis on Toda ethnobotany], Institute of Research for Development (Marseille), Thesis 2013, p. 103 Flowering normally appears around November to May.{{cite web |url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Thorny%20Nightshade.html |title=Flowers of India: Thorny Nightshade |access-date=2023-08-28}}

The yellow-fruit nightshade is cultivated in the Himalayas, southeast Malaysia, Australia, and Polynesia.{{Cite web |url=http://folkmedsindh.com.pk/solanum-surattense-burm-f/ |title=Solanum surattense Burm. f. |access-date=2023-07-13 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806195620/http://folkmedsindh.com.pk/solanum-surattense-burm-f/ |url-status=dead}} It is commonly found in open spaces, along roadsides, and elsewhere in India.

In-vitro antioxidant and in-vivo antimutagenic properties of Solanum xanthocarpum seed extracts have been examined by qualitative phytochemical screening, which reveals the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, glycoside, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and reducing sugar in the plant. Based on preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of polyphenols in the plant has also been performed. The quantitative estimation of alcoholic extracts found significant amounts of polyphenols, as compared to aqueous extracts. In-vitro antioxidant studies have been performed by two methods: DDPH, and a superoxide radical scavenging method. The alcoholic extracts showed significant antioxidant properties, as compared to aqueous extracts. Based on polyphenols and antioxidant properties, alcoholic extracts were used for the antimutagenic (clastogenic) test. The alcoholic extracts produced significant results regarding the antimutagenic activity.Antioxidant and Antimutagenic (Anticlastogenic) Effect of Solanum xanthocarpum seed extracts. Santosh Kumar Vaidya, Dharmesh K. Golwala and Darpini S. Patel.  International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology (ISSN: 0974-3278) 2020: Volume 13, Issue 4, page 5005-5010.[https://www.ijpsnonline.com/index.php/ijpsn/article/view/1048]

Solanum surattense.JPG|The plant

Solanum virginianum (8245207906).jpg|The flowers

The immature fruits of Solanum surattense in Yunnan, China.jpg|The immature fruits

കണ്ടകാരിചുണ്ട-solanum xanthocarpum.jpg|Unripe (green) and ripe (yellow)

Solanum xanthocarpum, fruit opened.JPG|A fruit opened

{{commons category|Solanum virginianum}}

• Thai eggplant
• Lao eggplant
• Solanum macrocarpon - also called Vietnamese eggplant or African eggplant

{{Reflist}}

• {{GRIN| name = Solanum virginianum L.|id=401897}}
• {{NCBI taxid|223891|Solanum virginianum L.}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1483086}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yellow fruit nightshade}}

Category:Medicinal plants of Asia

virginianum