Younian dialect

{{Infobox language

|name=Younian dialect

|altname=

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|states=China

|region=广西壮族自治区 {{ill|Longsheng County|zh|龙胜各族自治县}}

|ethnicity={{ill|Hongyao Pinghua|zh|平话红瑶}}（优念）

|fam1=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Sinitic

|fam3=Chinese

|fam4=Pinghua

|fam5={{ill|Northern Pinghua|zh|桂北平话}}

|speakers=about <10000

|date=1997

| isoexception = dialect

|ref={{efn|Mao Zongwu [毛宗武]. 2007. Younuoyu yanjiu (A Study of Younuo) [优诺语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. p.1.}}

|notice=IPA}}

The Younian dialect ({{zh|s=优念话|p=Yōuniànhuà}}) is a dialect of Northern Pinghua spoken in northern Guangxi. It is spoken by ethnic Red Yao people in Longsheng County, Guilin, Guangxi province. There were more than 10,000 native speakers in 1997. It has been documented in detail by Ouyang (2010).

Phonology

= Initials =

Different towns in Longsheng have different inventories of consonants, differing from 18 in Pannei township to more than 20 in Heping and Mati townships. The characters in this table are based on Heping township's dialect.{{Cite journal |author=欧阳澜 |date=2012-04-28 |title=广西龙胜和平乡红瑶优念话音系 |url=http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=pxyyj-hbjyxyxb201112012 |journal=湖北第二师范学院学报 |volume= |issue=12 |pages=46–51 |doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-344X.2011.12.012 |pmid= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204738/http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=pxyyj-hbjyxyxb201112012 |archive-date=2019-02-22 |accessdate=2018-11-13 |url-status=live}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Younian Dialect Initials ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" \| ! rowspan="2" \|Labial ! colspan="2" \|Alveolar ! rowspan="2" \|Alveolo-PalatalAbsent in the dialect of Pannei township. ! rowspan="2" \|Palatal ! rowspan="2" \|Velar ! rowspan="2" \|Glottal
{{small\|plain}} !{{small\|sibilant}}
colspan="2" \|Nasal \|{{IPA link\|m}} 麦问米木 \|{{IPA link\|n}} 脑年南泥 \| \|{{IPA link\|ȵ}} 热蛾那燃 \|{{IPA link\|ɲ}}Only found in the Pannei dialect. \|{{IPA link\|ŋ}} 月安岸岩 \|
rowspan="2" \|Plosive/ Affricate !voiceless \|{{IPA link\|p}} 八兵爬牌 \|{{IPA link\|t}} 多甜早桃 \|{{IPA link\|ts}} 租竹主装 \|{{IPA link\|tɕ}} 张纸争齐 \| \|{{IPA link\|k}} 高击姜劲 \|
aspirated \|{{IPA link\|pʰ}}Not present in Mati township dialect. 派劈拼片 \|{{IPA link\|tʰ}} 讨天刺字 \|{{IPA link\|tsʰ}} 茶柱抄春 \|{{IPA link\|tɕʰ}} 拆车棋渠 \| \|{{IPA link\|kʰ}} 权开庆轻 \|
rowspan="2" \|Continuant !voiceless \|{{IPA link\|f}} 副饭飞灰 \|{{IPA link\|ɬ}}This sound is also transcribed as /l̥/ 丝三酸想 \|{{IPA link\|s}} 船山床县 \|{{IPA link\|ɕ}} 响凶形惜 \| \|{{IPA link\|x}}好获形合 \|{{IPA link\|h}}
voiced \|{{IPA link\|v}}王黄放用 \|{{IPA link\|l}} 绿乱来烂 \| \| \|{{IPA link\|j}}/j/ is an allophone of the zero initial in Mati and Heping township dialects, or of /i/ after the zero initial. \| \|
colspan="2" \|Zero initial \| colspan="7" \|{{IPA link\|∅}} 云荣劲益

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Younian Dialect Initials

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" |Labial

! colspan="2" |Alveolar

! rowspan="2" |Alveolo-PalatalAbsent in the dialect of Pannei township.

! rowspan="2" |Palatal

! rowspan="2" |Velar

! rowspan="2" |Glottal

!{{small|sibilant}}

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}
麦问米木

|{{IPA link|n}}
脑年南泥

|{{IPA link|ȵ}}
热蛾那燃

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}Only found in the Pannei dialect.

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
月安岸岩

rowspan="2" |Plosive/

Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}
八兵爬牌

|{{IPA link|t}}
多甜早桃

|{{IPA link|ts}}
租竹主装

|{{IPA link|tɕ}}
张纸争齐

|{{IPA link|k}}
高击姜劲

aspirated

|{{IPA link|pʰ}}Not present in Mati township dialect.
派劈拼片

|{{IPA link|tʰ}}
讨天刺字

|{{IPA link|tsʰ}}
茶柱抄春

|{{IPA link|tɕʰ}}
拆车棋渠

|{{IPA link|kʰ}}
权开庆轻

rowspan="2" |Continuant

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|f}}
副饭飞灰

|{{IPA link|ɬ}}This sound is also transcribed as /l̥/
丝三酸想

|{{IPA link|s}}
船山床县

|{{IPA link|ɕ}}
响凶形惜

|{{IPA link|x}}好获形合

|{{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|v}}王黄放用

|{{IPA link|l}}
绿乱来烂

|{{IPA link|j}}/j/ is an allophone of the zero initial in Mati and Heping township dialects, or of /i/ after the zero initial.

colspan="2" |Zero initial

| colspan="7" |{{IPA link|∅}} 云荣劲益

Heping has /x/ but no /h/, Pannei has /h/ but no /x/, and Mati has both.

= Finals =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" \|+Heping Township Finals ! ! !i- !u- !y-
∅ \| \|{{IPA link\|i}} 哪支眉芝 \|{{IPA link\|u}} 徒猪浮富 \|{{IPA link\|y}} 写舒殊吕
a \|{{IPA link\|a}} 巴花夹杂 \|{{ipa\|ia}} 爷客沾孩 \|{{ipa\|ua}} 瓜瓦滑画 \|
o \|{{IPA link\|o}} 他哭可竹 \|{{ipa\|io}} 药肉六薄 \| \|
e \|{{IPA link\|e}} 雪特力角 \|{{ipa\|ie}} 者接业热 \|{{ipa\|ue}} 决坑坑 \|{{ipa\|ye}} 月阅绝
u \| \|{{ipa\|iu}} 椒表苗尿 \| \|
ai \|{{ipa\|ai}} 大牙台累 \| \|{{ipa\|uai}} 坏怀快块 \|
ei \|{{ipa\|ei}} 碎米细泥 \| \|{{ipa\|uei}} 杯税每类 \|
i \| \| \|{{ipa\|ui}} 火劈斧 \|
au \|{{ipa\|au}} 桃豆酒猴 \|{{ipa\|iau}} \| \|
eu \|{{ipa\|eu}} 多坐告稍 \|{{ipa\|ieu}}九疗休柔 \| \|
an \|{{ipa\|an}} 三斩犯懒 \|{{ipa\|ian}}茎银烟仍 \|{{ipa\|uan}}含敢汗岸 \|{{ipa\|yan}} 愿援远泉
en \|{{ipa\|en}}根尊针跟 \|{{ipa\|in}}尖严点钱 \|{{ipa\|uen}} 全砖船文 \|{{ipa\|yin}} 元原券权
aŋ \|{{ipa\|aŋ}}帮讲康冈 \|{{ipa\|iaŋ}}让向江争 \|{{ipa\|uaŋ}} 创状壮撞 \|
eŋ \|{{ipa\|eŋ}} 朋肯恒晴 \| \|{{ipa\|oŋ}} 东葱风东 \|{{ipa\|ioŋ}} 梁张箱唱
ŋ \|{{ipa\|ŋ̩}} 五午无 \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+Heping Township Finals

!i-

!u-

!y-

∅

|{{IPA link|i}} 哪支眉芝

|{{IPA link|u}} 徒猪浮富

|{{IPA link|y}} 写舒殊吕

|{{IPA link|a}} 巴花夹杂

|{{ipa|ia}} 爷客沾孩

|{{ipa|ua}} 瓜瓦滑画

|{{IPA link|o}} 他哭可竹

|{{ipa|io}} 药肉六薄

|{{IPA link|e}} 雪特力角

|{{ipa|ie}} 者接业热

|{{ipa|ue}} 决坑坑

|{{ipa|ye}} 月阅绝

|{{ipa|iu}} 椒表苗尿

|{{ipa|ai}} 大牙台累

|{{ipa|uai}} 坏怀快块

|{{ipa|ei}} 碎米细泥

|{{ipa|uei}} 杯税每类

|{{ipa|ui}} 火劈斧

|{{ipa|au}} 桃豆酒猴

|{{ipa|iau}}

|{{ipa|eu}} 多坐告稍

|{{ipa|ieu}}九疗休柔

|{{ipa|an}} 三斩犯懒

|{{ipa|ian}}茎银烟仍

|{{ipa|uan}}含敢汗岸

|{{ipa|yan}} 愿援远泉

|{{ipa|en}}根尊针跟

|{{ipa|in}}尖严点钱

|{{ipa|uen}} 全砖船文

|{{ipa|yin}} 元原券权

aŋ

|{{ipa|aŋ}}帮讲康冈

|{{ipa|iaŋ}}让向江争

|{{ipa|uaŋ}} 创状壮撞

eŋ

|{{ipa|eŋ}} 朋肯恒晴

|{{ipa|oŋ}} 东葱风东

|{{ipa|ioŋ}} 梁张箱唱

|{{ipa|ŋ̩}} 五午无

References

Ōuyáng, Lán 欧阳澜. 2010. Guǎngxī lóngshèng hépíng xiāng yōuniànhuà yǔyīn cíhuì yánjiū 广西龙胜和平乡优念话语音词汇研究 [Research on the phonetics and vocabulary of Younianhua in Heping Town]. Doctoral dissertation, Guǎngxī Normal University 广西师范大学.
Li, Xinghui [李星辉]. 2018. Xiangan Jianghua Hanyu Tuhua yu Yaoyu bijiao yanjiu [湘南江华汉语土话与瑶语比较研究]. Beijing: Science Press [科学出版社]. {{ISBN|9787030577825}}

Category:Varieties of Chinese

Category:Sino-Tibetan languages

Category:Yao people

Category:Languages of Guangxi