Yoy language

{{Infobox language

|name=Yoy

|nativename=

|states=Thailand, Laos

|speakers=6,000

|date=1990–1995

|ref = e18

|familycolor=Kradai

|fam2=Tai

|fam3=Northern?Pittayaporn classified Yoy as Southwestern Tai, but does not provide supporting analysis.

|nation=

|iso3=yoy

|glotto=yoyy1238

|glottorefname=Yoy

}}

Yoy is a Tai language of Thailand and Laos. The Yoy language is now in the critical endangered state due to a rapid language shift, which may eventually lead to complete language loss.{{Cite thesis |last=Phakkahn |first=Naiyapak|title=Phonology and Grammar Sketch of Yoy |date=2017 |degree=Master of Arts |publisher=California State University, Long Beach |url=https://www.academia.edu/35702725}}

Phonology

The phonology of Yoy, according to Phakkahn (2017).

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! colspan="2" \| ! Bilabial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal
colspan=2\|Nasal \| {{IPAlink\|m}} \| {{IPAlink\|n}} \| {{IPAlink\|ɲ}} \| {{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \|
rowspan="3" \|Stop ! Voiceless \| {{IPAlink\|p}} \| {{IPAlink\|t}} \| \| {{IPAlink\|k}} \| rowspan="3" \| {{IPAlink\|ʔ}}
Aspirated \| {{IPAlink\|pʰ}} \| {{IPAlink\|tʰ}} \| \|{{IPAlink\|kʰ}}
Voiced \| {{IPAlink\|b}} \| {{IPAlink\|d}} \| \|
colspan=2\|Affricate \| \| \| {{IPAlink\|tɕ}} \| \|
colspan=2\|Fricative \| \| {{IPAlink\|s}} \| \| \| {{IPAlink\|h}}
colspan=2\|Approximant \| {{IPAlink\|w}} \| {{IPAlink\|l}} \| {{IPAlink\|j}} \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

! colspan="2" |

! Bilabial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Glottal

colspan=2|Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}}

| {{IPAlink|n}}

| {{IPAlink|ɲ}}

| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}

rowspan="3" |Stop

! Voiceless

| {{IPAlink|p}}

| {{IPAlink|t}}

| {{IPAlink|k}}

| rowspan="3" | {{IPAlink|ʔ}}

Aspirated

| {{IPAlink|pʰ}}

| {{IPAlink|tʰ}}

|{{IPAlink|kʰ}}

Voiced

| {{IPAlink|b}}

| {{IPAlink|d}}

colspan=2|Affricate

| {{IPAlink|tɕ}}

colspan=2|Fricative

| {{IPAlink|s}}

| {{IPAlink|h}}

colspan=2|Approximant

| {{IPAlink|w}}

| {{IPAlink|l}}

| {{IPAlink|j}}

Only {{IPA|/p t k ʔ m n ŋ j w/}} occur in word-final position. Yoy also has six initial consonant clusters which are {{IPA|/tw-/}}, {{IPA|/kw-/}}, {{IPA|/kʰw-/}}, {{IPA|/sw-/}}, {{IPA|/hw-/}}, and {{IPA|/bw-/}}.

Some words show alternate pronunciations between the initial syllable consonants:

:/jaːk⁵/ ~ /ɲaːk⁵/ to want

:/jaːw²/ ~ /ɲaːw²/ long

:/joːj⁴/ ~ /ɲoːj⁴/ Yoy

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+ ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| ! rowspan=2 \| Front ! rowspan=2 \| Central ! colspan=2 \| Back
unr. ! rnd.
colspan=2 \| Diphthongs \| {{IPA\|ia}} \| {{IPA\|aɯ}} \| {{IPA\|ɯa}} \| {{IPA\|ua}}
rowspan=4 \| Monophthongs ! Close \| {{IPAlink\|i}}, {{IPAlink\|iː}} \| \| {{IPAlink\|ɯ}}, {{IPAlink\|ɯː}} \| {{IPAlink\|u}}, {{IPAlink\|uː}}
Close-mid \| {{IPAlink\|e}}, {{IPAlink\|eː}} \| \| {{IPAlink\|ɤ}}, {{IPAlink\|ɤː}} \| {{IPAlink\|o}}, {{IPAlink\|oː}}
Open-mid \| {{IPAlink\|æ}}, {{IPAlink\|æː}} \| \| \| {{IPAlink\|ɔ}}, {{IPAlink\|ɔː}}
Open \| \| {{IPAlink\|a}}, {{IPAlink\|aː}} \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |

! rowspan=2 | Front

! rowspan=2 | Central

! colspan=2 | Back

unr.

! rnd.

colspan=2 | Diphthongs

| {{IPA|ia}}

| {{IPA|aɯ}}

| {{IPA|ɯa}}

| {{IPA|ua}}

rowspan=4 | Monophthongs

! Close

| {{IPAlink|i}}, {{IPAlink|iː}}

| {{IPAlink|ɯ}}, {{IPAlink|ɯː}}

| {{IPAlink|u}}, {{IPAlink|uː}}

Close-mid

| {{IPAlink|e}}, {{IPAlink|eː}}

| {{IPAlink|ɤ}}, {{IPAlink|ɤː}}

| {{IPAlink|o}}, {{IPAlink|oː}}

Open-mid

| {{IPAlink|æ}}, {{IPAlink|æː}}

| {{IPAlink|ɔ}}, {{IPAlink|ɔː}}

Open

| {{IPAlink|a}}, {{IPAlink|aː}}

Yoy has two different phonemic vowel lengths. There are nine short vowels and nine long vowels. In the word-final open syllables, there is no contrast between short and long vowels, but in closed syllables and non-final open syllables, short and long vowels are distinctive.

= Tones =

Yoy has five phonologically distinctive tones in non-checked syllables.{{fix|text=what are they?}} Checked syllables in Yoy can carry only tone 1 (mid-leveled tone), tone 2 (high-rising tone), and tone 5 (low-falling creaky).

Vocabulary

= Numerals =

class="wikitable"
English ! Yoy
valign=top \| one \| nɯŋ¹
valign=top \| two \| sɔːŋ³
valign=top \| three \| saːm³
valign=top \| four \| siː⁵
valign=top \| five \| haː⁵
valign=top \| six \| hok²
valign=top \| seven \| tɕet²
valign=top \| eight \| pæːt⁵
valign=top \| nine \| kaw¹
valign=top \| ten \| sip²
valign=top \| hundred \| hoːj⁴
valign=top \| thousand \| pʰan²
valign=top

class="wikitable"

English

! Yoy

valign=top

| one

| nɯŋ¹

valign=top

| two

| sɔːŋ³

valign=top

| three

| saːm³

valign=top

| four

| siː⁵

valign=top

| five

| haː⁵

valign=top

| six

| hok²

valign=top

| seven

| tɕet²

valign=top

| eight

| pæːt⁵

valign=top

| nine

| kaw¹

valign=top

| ten

| sip²

valign=top

| hundred

| hoːj⁴

valign=top

| thousand

| pʰan²

valign=top

= Verbs =

class="wikitable"
English ! Yoy
valign=top \| to go \| paj³
valign=top \| to open \| pɤːt⁵
valign=top \| to dream \| pʰan³
valign=top \| to fall \| tok²
valign=top \| to wash (clothes) \| top²
valign=top \| to die \| taj³
valign=top \| to wait \| tʰaː⁵
valign=top \| to bite \| kat²
valign=top \| to ask \| tʰaːm³
valign=top \| to think \| kʰɯt⁴
valign=top \| to throw \| kʰwæŋ⁵
valign=top \| to smell \| dom³
valign=top \| to burn \| ʔuːt⁵
valign=top \| to sit \| mep⁵
valign=top \| to like \| mak⁵
valign=top \| to smile \| ɲiːm⁴
valign=top \| to want \| ɲaːk⁵
valign=top \| to eat \| kin²
valign=top \| to do \| het¹
valign=top \| to teach \| sɔːn³
valign=top \| to run \| læn⁴
valign=top \| to play \| lin⁵
valign=top

class="wikitable"

English

! Yoy

valign=top

| to go

| paj³

valign=top

| to open

| pɤːt⁵

valign=top

| to dream

| pʰan³

valign=top

| to fall

| tok²

valign=top

| to wash (clothes)

| top²

valign=top

| to die

| taj³

valign=top

| to wait

| tʰaː⁵

valign=top

| to bite

| kat²

valign=top

| to ask

| tʰaːm³

valign=top

| to think

| kʰɯt⁴

valign=top

| to throw

| kʰwæŋ⁵

valign=top

| to smell

| dom³

valign=top

| to burn

| ʔuːt⁵

valign=top

| to sit

| mep⁵

valign=top

| to like

| mak⁵

valign=top

| to smile

| ɲiːm⁴

valign=top

| to want

| ɲaːk⁵

valign=top

| to eat

| kin²

valign=top

| to do

| het¹

valign=top

| to teach

| sɔːn³

valign=top

| to run

| læn⁴

valign=top

| to play

| lin⁵

valign=top

= Nouns =

class="wikitable"
English ! Yoy
valign=top \| eye \| taː³
valign=top \| sun \| ta¹ wen²
valign=top \| sky \| tʰɔŋ⁴ pʰaː⁵
valign=top \| milk \| tu²
valign=top \| skin \| kʰiːŋ²
valign=top \| fire \| pʰaj²
valign=top \| mountain \| pʰu¹ kʰaw³
valign=top \| fish \| paː³
valign=top \| wood \| pæn⁴
valign=top \| tree \| kok¹ maj¹
valign=top \| tooth \| kʰæːw⁵
valign=top \| leg \| kʰaː³
valign=top \| chin \| kʰaːŋ²
valign=top \| egg \| kʰaj²
valign=top \| people \| kʰon²
valign=top \| rice \| kʰaːw⁵
valign=top \| leaf \| baɯʔ³
valign=top \| soil \| din³
valign=top \| water \| naːm⁴
valign=top \| cloud \| mek¹
valign=top \| dog \| maː³
valign=top \| bird \| nok⁵
valign=top \| blood \| lɯat¹
valign=top

class="wikitable"

English

! Yoy

valign=top

| eye

| taː³

valign=top

| sun

| ta¹ wen²

valign=top

| sky

| tʰɔŋ⁴ pʰaː⁵

valign=top

| milk

| tu²

valign=top

| skin

| kʰiːŋ²

valign=top

| fire

| pʰaj²

valign=top

| mountain

| pʰu¹ kʰaw³

valign=top

| fish

| paː³

valign=top

| wood

| pæn⁴

valign=top

| tree

| kok¹ maj¹

valign=top

| tooth

| kʰæːw⁵

valign=top

| leg

| kʰaː³

valign=top

| chin

| kʰaːŋ²

valign=top

| egg

| kʰaj²

valign=top

| people

| kʰon²

valign=top

| rice

| kʰaːw⁵

valign=top

| leaf

| baɯʔ³

valign=top

| soil

| din³

valign=top

| water

| naːm⁴

valign=top

| cloud

| mek¹

valign=top

| dog

| maː³

valign=top

| bird

| nok⁵

valign=top

| blood

| lɯat¹

valign=top

= Adjectives =

class="wikitable"
English ! Yoy
valign=top \| far \| kaj³
valign=top \| near, short (distance) \| kaɯ⁴
valign=top \| old \| kaw¹
valign=top \| new \| maj⁵
valign=top \| good \| diː³
valign=top \| fat \| pʰiː²
valign=top \| beautiful \| tɕop²
valign=top \| red \| dæŋ³
valign=top \| black \| dam³
valign=top \| white \| kʰaːw⁵
valign=top \| soft \| ʔon⁵
valign=top \| stupid \| pɯk²
valign=top \| wet \| ʔɯn³
valign=top \| dry \| hæŋ⁵
valign=top \| big \| ɲaɯ²
valign=top \| few \| noj⁵
valign=top

class="wikitable"

English

! Yoy

valign=top

| far

| kaj³

valign=top

| near, short (distance)

| kaɯ⁴

valign=top

| old

| kaw¹

valign=top

| new

| maj⁵

valign=top

| good

| diː³

valign=top

| fat

| pʰiː²

valign=top

| beautiful

| tɕop²

valign=top

| red

| dæŋ³

valign=top

| black

| dam³

valign=top

| white

| kʰaːw⁵

valign=top

| soft

| ʔon⁵

valign=top

| stupid

| pɯk²

valign=top

| wet

| ʔɯn³

valign=top

| dry

| hæŋ⁵

valign=top

| big

| ɲaɯ²

valign=top

| few

| noj⁵

valign=top

References

Category:Languages of Thailand

Category:Languages of Laos

Category:Tai languages