Ytterbium(III) oxide
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 433786382
| ImageFile = Ytterbium(III) oxide.jpg
| ImageName = Ytterbium(III) oxide
| IUPACName = Ytterbium(III) oxide.
| OtherNames = Ytterbia
diytterbium trioxide
ytterbium sesquioxide
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 1314-37-0
| ChemSpiderID = 3337532
| EINECS = 215-234-0
| PubChem = 4124403
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = T66CZ53RP4
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Yb2O3
| MolarMass = 394.08 g/mol
| Appearance = White solid.
| Density = 9.17 g/cm3, solid.
| Solubility = Insoluble
| MeltingPtC = 2355
| BoilingPtC = 4070
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = Octahedral
| CrystalStruct = Cubic, cI80
| SpaceGroup = Ia-3, No. 206
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaGf = −1726.844 kJ/mol R. Robie, B. Hemingway, and J. Fisher, “Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15K and 1bar Pressure and at Higher Temperatures,” US Geol. Surv., vol. 1452, 1978.[https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1452/report.pdf]
| DeltaHc =
| HeatCapacity =
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|305+351+338}}Sigma Aldrich; rev. 2012-09-19
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| FlashPt = Non-flammable.
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Ytterbium(III) sulfide, Ytterbium(III) chloride
| OtherCations = Thulium(III) oxide
Lutetium(III) oxide
}}
}}
Ytterbium(III) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Yb2O3. It is one of the more commonly encountered compounds of ytterbium. It occurs naturally in trace amounts in the mineral gadolinite. It was first isolated from this in 1878 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.{{Cite book |last1=Krebs |first1=Robert E. |title=The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide |last2=Déjur |first2=Rae |date=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-33438-2 |edition=2nd |location=Westport, Conn.}}
Preparation
Ytterbium(III) oxide can be obtained by directly reacting ytterbium with oxygen:{{Cite book |last1=Wiberg |first1=Egon |title=Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie |last2=Wiberg |first2=Nils |date=2007 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-017770-1 |editor-last=Holleman |editor-first=Arnold F. |edition=102., stark umgearbeitete und verbesserte Auflage |location=Berlin New York |editor-last2=Fischer |editor-first2=Gerd}}
: {{chem2|4 Yb + 3 O2 -> 2 Yb2O3}}
It can also be obtained by the thermal decomposition of ytterbium carbonate or ytterbium oxalate at temperatures around 700 °C:{{Cite book |title=Synthesis of lanthanide and actinide compounds |date=1991 |publisher=Kluwer |isbn=978-0-7923-1018-1 |editor-last=Meyer |editor-first=Gerd |series=Topics in f element chemistry |location=Dordrecht}}
: {{chem2|Yb2(CO3)3 -> Yb2O3 + 3CO2}}
: {{chem2|Yb2(C2O4)3 -> Yb2O3 + 3 CO2 + 3CO}}
Properties
= Chemical =
Ytterbium(III) oxide is a white powder. It reacts with carbon tetrachloride{{Cite journal |last1=GORYUSHKIN |first1=V. F. |last2=ASTAKHOVA |first2=I. S. |last3=POSHEVNEVA |first3=A. I. |last4=ZALYMOVA |first4=S. A. |date=1989-12-19 |title=ChemInform Abstract: Crystalline Holmium Dichloride. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198951025 |journal=ChemInform |volume=20 |issue=51 |doi=10.1002/chin.198951025 |issn=0931-7597|url-access=subscription }} or hot hydrochloric acid to form ytterbium(III) chloride:{{Cite journal |last1=Sebastian |first1=Jörg |last2=Seifert |first2=Hans-Joachim |date=1998-09-07 |title=Ternary chlorides in the systems ACl/YbCl3 (A=Cs,Rb,K) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040603198003268 |journal=Thermochimica Acta |volume=318 |issue=1 |pages=29–37 |doi=10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00326-8 |issn=0040-6031|url-access=subscription }}
: {{chem2|2 Yb2O3 + 3 CCl4 -> 4 YbCl3 + 3 CO2}}
: {{chem2|Yb2O3 + 6 HCl -> 2 YbCl3 + 3 H2O}}
= Physical =
Like the other trivalent oxides of the heavier lanthanides, ytterbium(III) oxide has the "rare-earth C-type sesquioxide" structure which is related to the fluorite structure with one quarter of the anions removed, leading to ytterbium atoms in two different six coordinate (non-octahedral) environments.{{Cite book |last=Wells |first=Alexander Frank |title=Structural inorganic chemistry |date=1991 |publisher=Clarendon press |isbn=978-0-19-855370-0 |edition=5th |series=Oxford science publications |location=Oxford}}
Uses
- Colorant for glasses and enamels{{cite web |url=https://www.stanfordmaterials.com/terbium-oxide.html |title=Terbium Oxide |website=Stanford Advanced Materials |access-date=Aug 19, 2024}}
- Dopant for garnet crystals in lasers
- Optical fibers
- Additive for special alloys and dielectric ceramic materials{{Cite book |last=Milne |first=G. W. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzFpFxBtYeUC&pg=PA767 |title=Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals: Synonyms, Trade Names, and Properties |date=2005-09-02 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-73661-5 |language=en}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Yb/O3Yb2-1314370.html Information at WebElements]
{{Ytterbium compounds}}
{{Oxides}}