Yttrium iron garnet

Several methods are utilized for synthesis of yttrium iron garnet each with their pros and cons. The solid-state reaction method is a traditional approach for YIG synthesis, involving the high-temperature firing of a mixture of yttrium and iron oxides.{{cite journal |last1=Ali |first1=Wan |last2=Othman |first2=Mohammadarif |year=2013 |title=Studies on the formation of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) through stoichiometry modification prepared by conventional solid-state method |journal=Journal of the European Ceramic Society |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=1317–1324 |doi=10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.12.016}} This cost-effective technique can produce pure YIG crystals but requires careful control of temperature and atmosphere to prevent impurities. {{cite web |url=https://www.sputtertargets.net/blog/yttrium-iron-garnet-explained-from-crystal-structure-to-technological-marvels.html |title=Yttrium Iron Garnet Explained: From Crystal Structure to Technological Marvels |last=Green |first=Julissa |date=Mar 17, 2024 |website=Sputter Targets |publisher=Stanford Advanced Materials |access-date=Nov 5, 2024}}

Liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) is another key method, especially for creating thin YIG films with excellent uniformity. Ideal for optical and microwave devices, LPE enables precise film growth on substrates.{{cite book |last1=Chae |first1=Keun |last2=Nandy |first2=Subhajit |year=2023 |title=Ferrite Nanostructured Magnetic Materials |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |chapter=17 - Chemical synthesis of ferrite thin films |pages=309–334 |isbn=9780128237175}} However, its high equipment costs and complex procedures limit its use to applications where superior quality is essential.{{cite book |last=Fave |first=Alain |year=2009 |title=Crystal Growth of Si for Solar Cells |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |editor-last=Nakajima |editor-first=Kazuo |chapter=Liquid Phase Epitaxy |pages=135–157 |isbn=9783642020445}}

In YIG, the five iron(III) ions occupy two octahedral and three tetrahedral sites, with the yttrium(III) ions coordinated by eight oxygen ions in an irregular cube. The iron ions in the two coordination sites exhibit different spins, resulting in magnetic behavior. By substituting specific sites with rare-earth elements, for example, interesting magnetic properties can be obtained.{{cite journal | title = Site-selective couplings in x-ray-detected magnetic resonance spectra of rare-earth-substituted yttrium iron garnets |author1=J Goulon |author2=A Rogalev |author3=F Wilhelm |author4=G Goujon |author5=A Yaresko |author6=Ch Brouder |author7=J Ben Youssef |name-list-style=amp | journal = New Journal of Physics | volume = 14 | issue = 6 | date = 2012| pages = 063001 | bibcode = 2012NJPh...14f3001G | doi = 10.1088/1367-2630/14/6/063001 |doi-access=free }}

YIG has a high Verdet constant which results in the Faraday effect,{{cite journal |last1=Vojna |first1=David |last2=Slezák |first2=Ondřej |last3=Yasuhara |first3=Ryo |last4=Furuse |first4=Hiroaki |last5=Lucianetti |first5=Antonio |last6=Mocek |first6=Tomáš |title=Faraday Rotation of Dy2O3, CeF3 and Y3Fe5O12 at the Mid-Infrared Wavelengths |journal=Materials |date=2020 |volume=13 |issue=23 |page=5324 |doi=10.3390/ma13235324 |pmid=33255447 |pmc=7727863 |bibcode=2020Mate...13.5324V |doi-access=free }}{{cite book |editor1=K.T.V. Grattan |editor2=B.T. Meggitt | date = 1999 | title = Optical Fiber Sensor Technology: Volume 3: Applications and Systems | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1HmAz8L2qnYC&pg=PA214 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media| pages = 214–215 | isbn = 9780412825705 | access-date = April 2, 2015}} high Q factor in microwave frequencies,{{cite book |author1=Leonid Alekseevich Belov |author2=Sergey M. Smolskiy |author3=Viktor Neofidovich Kochemasov |name-list-style=amp | date = 2012 | title = Handbook of RF, Microwave, and Millimeter-wave Components | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bHhYjINB6KMC&pg=PA150 | publisher = Artech House | page = 150 | isbn = 9780412825705 | access-date = April 2, 2015}} low absorption of infrared wavelengths down to 1200 nm,{{cite book | author = Rajpal S. Sirohi | date = 1990 | title = Optical Components, Systems and Measurement Techniques | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pXwG5Z9pfk0C&pg=PA80 | publisher = CRC Press | page = 80 | isbn = 9780824783952 | access-date = April 2, 2015}} and very small linewidth in electron spin resonance. These properties make it useful for MOI (magneto optical imaging) applications in superconductors.{{cite web | url = http://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/research/groups/amks/superconductivity/mo/ | title = Magneto-Optical Imaging of Superconductors | author = | publisher = Department of Physics, University of Oslo | date = November 30, 2010 | access-date = April 2, 2015 | archive-date = June 24, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190624203714/https://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/research/groups/amks/superconductivity/mo/ | url-status = dead }}

YIG is used in microwave, acoustic, optical, and magneto-optical applications, e.g. microwave YIG filters, or acoustic transmitters and transducers.{{cite web | url = http://periodic.lanl.gov/39.shtml | title = Periodic Table of Elements: Yttrium | author = | publisher = Los Alamos National Laboratory | access-date = April 1, 2015}} It is transparent for light wavelengths over 600 nm — the infrared end of the spectrum.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} It also finds use in solid-state lasers in Faraday rotators, in data storage, and in various nonlinear optics applications.Holm, U., Sohlstrom, H., & Brogardh, T. (1984). "YIG-Sensor Design for Fiber Optical Magnetic-Field Measurements". Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 514, 333–336.

• Gadolinium gallium garnet
• Terbium gallium garnet
• Yttrium aluminium garnet
• YIG sphere

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Category:Synthetic minerals

Category:Iron(III) compounds

Category:Yttrium compounds

Category:Nonlinear optical materials

Category:Ferromagnetic materials

Category:Transition metal oxides