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ZP4

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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

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Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4, ZP-4 or avilesine, named after its discoverer Manuel Avilés Sánchez{{cite journal | vauthors = Avilés M, Moros C, García-Vázquez FA, Gimeno L, Torrecillas A, Aliaga C, Bernardo-Pisa MV, Ballesta J, Izquierdo-Rico MJ | title = Four glycoproteins are expressed in the cat zona pellucida | journal = Theriogenology | volume = 83 | issue = 7 | pages = 1162–73 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25623231 | doi = 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.019 }} is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP4 gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Harris JD, Hibler DW, Fontenot GK, Hsu KT, Yurewicz EC, Sacco AG | title = Cloning and characterization of zona pellucida genes and cDNAs from a variety of mammalian species: the ZPA, ZPB and ZPC gene families | journal = DNA Sequence | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 361–93 | date = Mar 1995 | pmid = 7841460 | doi = 10.3109/10425179409010186 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ZP4 zona pellucida glycoprotein 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57829}}

Function

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved zona pellucida-like domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies.

Previously, this gene has been referred to as ZP1 or ZPB and thought to have similar functions as mouse Zp1.{{cite journal | vauthors = Conner SJ, Lefièvre L, Hughes DC, Barratt CL | title = Cracking the egg: increased complexity in the zona pellucida | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 1148–52 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15760956 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/deh835 | doi-access = free }} However, a human gene with higher similarity and chromosomal synteny to mouse Zp1 has been assigned the symbol ZP1 and this gene has been assigned the symbol ZP4.

References

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Further reading

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  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Rankin T, Dean J | title = The zona pellucida: using molecular genetics to study the mammalian egg coat | journal = Reviews of Reproduction | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 114–21 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10864856 | doi = 10.1530/ror.0.0050114 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Eberspaecher U, Becker A, Bringmann P, van der Merwe L, Donner P | title = Immunohistochemical localization of zona pellucida proteins ZPA, ZPB and ZPC in human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse ovaries | journal = Cell and Tissue Research | volume = 303 | issue = 2 | pages = 277–87 | date = Feb 2001 | pmid = 11291774 | doi = 10.1007/s004410000287 | s2cid = 20736190 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Kiefer SM, Saling P | title = Proteolytic processing of human zona pellucida proteins | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 407–14 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11804956 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod66.2.407 | doi-access = | s2cid = 19592005 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Qi H, Williams Z, Wassarman PM | title = Secretion and assembly of zona pellucida glycoproteins by growing mouse oocytes microinjected with epitope-tagged cDNAs for mZP2 and mZP3 | journal = Molecular Biology of the Cell | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 530–41 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11854410 | pmc = 65647 | doi = 10.1091/mbc.01-09-0440 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao M, Gold L, Ginsberg AM, Liang LF, Dean J | title = Conserved furin cleavage site not essential for secretion and integration of ZP3 into the extracellular egg coat of transgenic mice | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 9 | pages = 3111–20 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11940668 | pmc = 133755 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.9.3111-3120.2002 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Lefièvre L, Conner SJ, Salpekar A, Olufowobi O, Ashton P, Pavlovic B, Lenton W, Afnan M, Brewis IA, Monk M, Hughes DC, Barratt CL | title = Four zona pellucida glycoproteins are expressed in the human | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 19 | issue = 7 | pages = 1580–6 | date = Jul 2004 | pmid = 15142998 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/deh301 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Chakravarty S, Suraj K, Gupta SK | title = Baculovirus-expressed recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein-B induces acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated spermatozoa in addition to zona pellucida glycoprotein-C | journal = Molecular Human Reproduction | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 365–72 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15805145 | doi = 10.1093/molehr/gah165 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Furlong LI, Harris JD, Vazquez-Levin MH | title = Binding of recombinant human proacrosin/acrosin to zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. I. Studies with recombinant human ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 83 | issue = 6 | pages = 1780–90 | date = Jun 2005 | pmid = 15950651 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.042 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Caballero-Campo P, Chirinos M, Fan XJ, González-González ME, Galicia-Chavarría M, Larrea F, Gerton GL | title = Biological effects of recombinant human zona pellucida proteins on sperm function | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 760–8 | date = Apr 2006 | pmid = 16407501 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod.105.047522 | doi-access = free }}

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