Zahra Bahrami

{{Infobox person

| name = Zahra Bahrami

| image = Zahra_Bahrami.jpg

| caption =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1965|1|25|df=y}}

| birth_place = Tehran, Iran

| death_date = {{death date and age|2011|1|29|1965|1|25|df=y}}

| death_place = Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran

| death_cause = Execution by hanging

| nationality = Iranian, Dutch

| other_names =

| occupation =

| known_for = Political Prisoner

}}

Zahra Bahrami, also spelled Sahra Baahrami ({{langx|fa|زهرا بهرامی}}; 25 January 1965 – 29 January 2011) (Previous name: Zahra Mehrabi), was a dual Dutch and Iranian citizen who was executed in Iran after being arrested during a political protest, and later convicted by the Islamic Revolutionary Court for drug trafficking. She was initially arrested in December 2009 for participating in the Ashura protests and charged with national security offenses as well as for being a member of Kingdom Assembly of Iran. However, according to the Iranian Judicatory, a subsequent search of her house uncovered 450 grams of cocaine, 420 grams of opium, and several forged passports. Subsequently, the Tehran prosecutors charged her with drug trafficking and being a member of an international drug-trafficking network, for which she received a death sentence.

In protest at her execution, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign affairs temporarily froze diplomatic contacts with Iran, but resumed on 18 February 2011.

Early life

Bahrami was born in Tehran, Iran. She later moved to the Netherlands and became a Dutch citizen by naturalisation. However, she also retained her Iranian citizenship.{{citation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12314886|periodical=BBC News|title=Iran hangs Iranian-Dutch woman Sahra Bahrami|date=2011-01-29|access-date=2011-01-30}} In one passport, she spelled her name Zahra Bahrami, while spelling it Sahra Baahrami in the other.{{citation|url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/death-sentence-fears-dutch-iranian-woman|date=2010-08-24|access-date=2010-08-25|title=Death sentence fears for Dutch-Iranian woman|periodical=Radio Netherlands Worldwide}} She worked as a professional belly dancer and maintained a second residence in London.{{citation|url=http://zamaaneh.com/news/2010/08/post_14150.html|periodical=Radio Zamaneh|date=2010-08-25|access-date=2011-01-30|title=ادامه وضعیت مبهم زهرا بهرامی}}

According to a TV show aired on Dutch broadcasting network NOS, Bahrami was found guilty of smuggling nearly 16 kilos of cocaine from the Caribbean in her luggage in 2003.

She was sentenced to three years in jail with one being suspended, according to the current affairs show Nieuwsuur.{{citation|url=https://en.trend.az/world/other/1821767.html|periodical=trend.az|date=2011-08-25|access-date=2020-11-01|title=Bahrami's previous criminal case}}{{citation|url=http://nieuwsuur.nl/onderwerp/215523-geexecuteerde-bahrami-eerder-veroordeeld-voor-drugssmokkel.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205021551/http://nieuwsuur.nl/onderwerp/215523-geexecuteerde-bahrami-eerder-veroordeeld-voor-drugssmokkel.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-02-05|periodical=trend.az|access-date=2020-11-01|title=Bahrami's previous criminal case in holland}}

Arrest

In 2009, Bahrami traveled from the Netherlands to Iran, claiming that the purpose of her visit was to see one of her children. While participating in the Ashura protests of the 2009 Iranian elections on 27 December 2009, she was arrested, and held in Tehran's Evin Prison. Iranian prosecutors initially said she belonged to the militant monarchist group Kingdom Assembly of Iran, and charged her with setting up an anti-regime organization and spreading anti-regime propaganda. However, she was not charged on these accounts, and most other protesters were released in the following days. Due to the two variant spellings of her name, the MFA was initially unable to confirm whether or not she was a Dutch citizen, and were able to confirm this by July 2010. Due to Iran not recognizing dual citizenship, Iran did not allow the Dutch consulate to provide legal assistance to her.

Tehran prosecutors charged her with the capital crime of drug trafficking. Prosecutors stated that anti-drug police had uncovered {{convert|450|g}} of cocaine and {{convert|420|g}} of opium during a raid on her home.

During a media interview, her daughter claimed that the charges were fabricated because Bahrami "did not even smoke cigarettes."{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-54561620110201 | work=Reuters | title=Iran rejects Dutch complaint over hanging | date=2011-02-01}}

Prominent human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh acted as Bahrami's defense attorney. However, on 28 August 2010, Sotoudeh's office was raided; it was unclear whether the raid had anything to do with Bahrami's case, or with Sotoudeh's other human rights activities.{{citation|url=http://vorige.nrc.nl/binnenland/article2611820.ece/Inval_bij_advocate_Bahrami_in_Teheran|title=Inval bij advocate Bahrami in Teheran|date=2010-08-31|access-date=2011-01-30|periodical=NRC Handelsblad|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114023213/http://vorige.nrc.nl/binnenland/article2611820.ece/Inval_bij_advocate_Bahrami_in_Teheran|archive-date=2012-11-14}} Sotoudeh herself was arrested days later, and also imprisoned at Evin.{{citation|url=http://nos.nl/audio/183225-advocaat-zahra-bahrami-opgepakt-in-teheran.html.html|title=Advocaat Zahra Bahrami opgepakt in Teheran|date=2010-09-07|access-date=2011-01-30|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927051524/http://nos.nl/audio/183225-advocaat-zahra-bahrami-opgepakt-in-teheran.html.html|archive-date=2012-09-27}} In January 2011, Soutodeh was sentenced to 6 years in prison for "acting against national security" and banned from working as a lawyer and leaving the country for 10 years.

Execution

After her appeal to Iran's Supreme Court was turned down, Iran executed Bahrami by hanging on 29 January 2011 (at 5am) in the execution chamber at Evin Prison. She became the 66th person to receive capital punishment in Iran in 2011. Her lawyer said she was shocked that the death sentence on the drugs charges had been carried out before an investigation on the security charges against her was even completed.

In protest of her execution, the Dutch government froze contact with the Iranian government. The Dutch foreign minister Uri Rosenthal said he was "shocked, shattered by this act by a barbaric regime."{{cite news |title=Dutch freeze contacts with Iran over hanging |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12317138 |newspaper=BBC News |date=29 January 2011 |access-date=29 January 2011}} Bahrami's lawyers were not contacted by officials from the Dutch embassy in Tehran until two weeks before the verdict since the Netherlands only provides financial and legal support in cases of this kind if the death sentence has formally been pronounced and the defendant has appealed against the sentence.{{citation|url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/could-dutch-have-stopped-hanging-iran|periodical=Radio Netherlands Worldwide|title=Could the Dutch have stopped the hanging in Iran?|date=2011-01-31|access-date=2011-02-03|archive-date=2012-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928221349/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/could-dutch-have-stopped-hanging-iran|url-status=dead}} The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran also protested her execution, quoting an unnamed "informed source" as saying that her interrogation was conducted by the "Iranian Intelligence Ministry’s Anti-Espionage Team" rather than narcotics trafficking officials, rendering nil the "possibility that her initial charges were drug-related."{{citation|url=http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2011/01/zahra_bahrami_exeuted_tehran/|title=Lawyer In Shock Over Dutch-Iranian Client's Execution: "Her Investigation Was Not Yet Complete"|publisher=International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran|date=29 January 2011|access-date=2011-02-03}} Dutch-Iranian diplomatic ties resumed on 18 February 2011."[http://www.nu.nl/binnenland/2449871/nederlandse-ambassadeur-terug-iran.html Nederlandse ambassadeur terug naar Iran]" ("Dutch ambassador back to Iran") on Nu.nl, February 18, 2011.

References

External links

{{YouTube|fAbrzacasW8|Zahra Bahrami was sentenced in 2003 for cocaine smuggling in the Netherlands}} Video clip. Television news broadcast, in Dutch and English, about Bahrami’s life in the Netherlands.

Category:1965 births

Category:2011 deaths

Category:21st-century executions by Iran

Category:Iranian emigrants to the Netherlands

Category:Executed Dutch women

Category:Executed Iranian women

Category:Executed Iranian people

Category:Dutch people executed abroad

Category:People executed for drug offences

Category:2011 in Iran

Category:People executed by Iran by hanging

Category:Dutch drug traffickers