Zanthoxylum gilletii
{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Zanthoxylum_gilletii-Africa_Museum_(1).jpg
| image_caption =
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Zanthoxylum
| species = gilletii
| authority = (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (1975)
| synonyms_ref =
| synonyms =
{{Specieslist|Fagara amaniensis|Engl.
|Fagara gilletii|De Wild.
|Fagara inaequalis|Engl.
|Fagara macrophylla|(Oliv.) Engl.
|Fagara tessmannii|Engl.
|Zanthoxylum macrophyllum|Oliv.
}}
}}
Zanthoxylum gilletii, the East African satinwood, is a tree species in the genus Zanthoxylum found in Africa. The fruits are used to produce the spice uzazi, which is the Nigerian (Igbo language) name of both the plant and the spice. It is native to Central and West Africa, and a close relative of the Sichuan pepper. "Uzazi" usually refers specifically to the spice made from its fruit and pericarp, though sometimes other parts of it such as its leaves are used.{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Dyfed Lloyd |date= |title=Spice Guide Uzazi |url=https://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?term=Uzazi |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003050/https://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?term=Uzazi |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Celtnet Recipes / Nemeton: The Sacred Grove: Home of Ancient Recipes}}{{Cite web |last=dkunkel |date=2018-04-20 |title=Subgroup 028B Fruit or berry |url=https://ir4.cals.ncsu.edu/fooduse/Crop%20Grouping/Type%205%20Herbs%20and%20Spices%20CCPR%2050%202018.pdf#page=16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011184719/https://ir4.cals.ncsu.edu/fooduse/Crop%20Grouping/Type%205%20Herbs%20and%20Spices%20CCPR%2050%202018.pdf |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=CLASS A: PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN, TYPE 05: HERBS AND SPICES, GROUP 027 HERBS |publisher=College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University |publication-place=Raleigh, NC |quote=HS 3330, Uzazi, Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman, basionym: Fagara tessmannii}}{{Cite conference |date=February 2018 |others=Prepared by the Electronic Working Group chaired by the United States of America and co-chaired by the Netherlands |title=Agenda Item 7(b): REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD AND FEED: CLASS A: PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN, TYPE 05: HERBS AND SPICES, GROUP 027 HERBS, GROUP 028 SPICES (AT STEP 7) |url=https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/fr/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FMeetings%252FCX-718-50%252FWD%252Fpr50_07e.pdf#page=18 |conference=JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME, CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES, 50th Session: Haikou, PR. China, 9 - 14 April 2017 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization |page=18 |id=CX/PR 18/50/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227150729/https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/fr/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FMeetings%252FCX-718-50%252FWD%252Fpr50_07e.pdf#page=18 |archive-date=2022-12-27 |quote=HS 3315, Uzazi, Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman, basionym: Fagara tessmannii |url-status=live |chapter=Subgroup 028B Fruit or berry}}{{Cite web |last=Vetlesen |first=Kari |date=2022-12-08 |editor-last=Ervik |editor-first=Finn |editor2-last=Bolstad |editor2-first=Erik |title=uzazi |url=https://snl.no/uzazi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011231700/https://snl.no/uzazi |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2023-10-11 |work=Store norske leksikon |language=no |department=Biologi / Planteriket / Dekkfrøete planter / Tofrøbladete planter / Lønneordenen / Rutefamilien}}{{Cite web |date=2020-06-13 |title=Uzazi |url=https://www.ourfood.nl/ingr/grfr_krsp/rutaceae/uzazi.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011230000/https://www.ourfood.nl/ingr/grfr_krsp/rutaceae/uzazi.html#gsc.tab=0 |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=OURFOOD NL |language=nl |department=Rutaceae {{!}} Zanthoxylum; #oorsprong en verspreiding, #gezondheidsaspecten, #igi-ata}}{{Cite web |title=Ladinakeelne nimetus: Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Engl.) Ayafor |url=http://taimenimed.ut.ee/cgi-bin/taimenimed.cgi?lang=ld&query=Zanthoxylum%20tessmannii%20(Engl.)%20Ayafor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012013951/http://taimenimed.ut.ee/cgi-bin/taimenimed.cgi?lang=ld&query=Zanthoxylum%20tessmannii%20%28Engl.%29%20Ayafor |archive-date=2023-10-12 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Eestikeelsete taimenimede andmebaas |language=et |quote=Eestikeelne nimetus: Tessmanni koldpuu; saadus (maitseaine): uzazi, puit: olon}}{{Cite book |last=The Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018R0062&rid=1 |title=replacing Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance) |date=2018-01-17 |series=Official Journal of the European Union |location=Brussels |publication-place=- |publication-date=2018-01-23 |page=L 18/68 |chapter=PART B: Other products referred to in Article 2(1) |id=COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2018/62 |quote=0820020, Sichuan pepper: 0820020-002, Uzazi, Zanthoxylum tessmannii; syn: Fagara tessmannii |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012134756/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018R0062&rid=1 |archive-date=2023-10-12 |url-status=live |department=II (Non-legislative acts)}}{{Cite web |last=Brifo |first=Kojo |date=2022-12-01 |title=Creating Flavors for Africans |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/12/creating-flavors-for-africans-kojo-brifo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201185437/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/12/creating-flavors-for-africans-kojo-brifo/ |archive-date=2022-12-01 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Vanguard News |publisher=Vanguard Media Limited |publication-place=Nigeria}}{{Cite web |date=June 2023 |title=Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman |url=https://wfoplantlist.org/plant-list/taxon/wfo-0000429498-2023-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011170020/https://wfoplantlist.org/plant-list/taxon/wfo-0000429498-2023-06?page=1 |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=WFO Plant List |publisher=World Flora Online |id=wfo-0000429498 |quote=This species name was first published in Taxon 23: 363 (1975) ... Zanthoxylum tessmannii, author: (Engl.) Ayafor, protologue: Pl. Med. (Stuttgart) 50: 210 (1984), https://www.ipni.org/n/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:972889-1, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000429464 ... Fagara tessmannii, author: Engl., protologue: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 406 (1911), https://www.ipni.org/n/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:773556-1, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000685011 |department=All plants / Code / Angiosperms / Sapindales / Rutaceae}}{{Cite web |title=Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:775746-1 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |language=en |quote=Fagara tessmannii Engl. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 406 (1911) ... Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Engl.) Ayafor in Pl. Med. (Stuttgart) 50: 210 (1984) ... Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone: The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/}}{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-03-24 |orig-date=2013-12-10 |title=How to make Nigerian Fish Pepper Soup |url=https://souldeliciouz.com/312/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528224727/https://souldeliciouz.com/312/ |archive-date=2023-05-28 |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Souldeliciouz |language=en |publication-place=London |postscript=. WARNING: Avast flags this webpage as URL:Phishing, though VirusTotal gives 0 detections.}}
Description
Use
=Fruit=
The fruit is described as spicy and pungent, more so than Sichuan pepper, and bitter. It is usually used by grinding it into a powder and adding it into soups, stews, seasonings, and sauces.{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Dyfed Lloyd |date= |title=Cassava Soup |url=https://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?term=Uzazi |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003050/https://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?term=Uzazi |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Celtnet Recipes / Nemeton: The Sacred Grove: Home of Ancient Recipes |department=Meat/Main Course, Origin: West Africa, Period: Traditional}}{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Dyfed Lloyd |date=2007-09-27 |title=West African Fish Rub |url=https://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?term=Uzazi |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003050/https://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?term=Uzazi |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Celtnet Recipes / Nemeton: The Sacred Grove: Home of Ancient Recipes |department=Spice Blends, Origin: West Africa, Period: Modern}} Even in West Africa this is a rare spice,{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} and typically only five or six dried fruit are added to a dish.
In herbal medicine, it is used to treat tumors and wounds.
The name of the spice is derived from Igbo, a language in Nigeria, where the spice is grown and harvested on a commercial basis.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}
Chemistry
The alkaloid nitidine can be isolated from the plant.{{cite journal |title=Alkaloids of Fagara macrophylla |first=F.G. |last=Torto |authorlink= Frank Gibbs Torto|first2=I.A. |last2=Mensah |journal=Phytochemistry |date=April 1970 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=911–4 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85206-1}}
The amide alkaloids N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)octacosanamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)hexacosanamide, N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)decanamide, N-vanilloyltyramine and N-[O-docosanoylvanilloyl]tyramine can be isolated from the stem bark.{{cite journal |title=Amides from the stem bark of Fagara macrophylla |vauthors=Wansi JD, Nwozo SO, Mbaze LM, Devkota KP, Donkwe Moladje SM, Fomum ZT, Sewald N |journal=Planta Med |date=April 2009 |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=517–521 |doi=10.1055/s-0029-1185327}} The lignan sesamin, the N-isobutylamide γ-sanshool, the acridone alkaloids 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-methylacridone, arborinine, xanthoxoline and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxyacridone can also be extracted from the bark{{cite journal |title=Bioactive Metabolites from the Bark of Fagara macrophylla |first=Carmela |last=Spatafora |first2=Corrado |last2=Tringali |journal=Phytochemical Analysis |date=May 1997 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=139–142 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199705)8:3<139::AID-PCA341>3.0.CO;2-P}} as well as the alkaloids oblongine, tembetarine and magnoflorine and the flavonoid hesperidin.{{cite journal |title=Antifeedant constituents from Fagara macrophylla |first=Corrado |last=Tringali |first2=Carmela |last2=Spatafora |first3=Valeria |last3=Calı |first4=Monique S.J |last4=Simmonds |journal=Fitoterapia |date=June 2001 |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=538–543 |doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00265-9 |pmid=11429249}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17988
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13963104}}
Category:Plants described in 1975
Category:Taxa named by Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman
{{Herbs & spices}}{{African cuisine}}
Category:Igbo words and phrases
{{spice-stub}}
{{Rutaceae-stub}}