Zdzisław Beksiński

{{Infobox artist

| name = Zdzisław Beksiński

| image = Zdzisław Beksiński i Piotr Dmochowski (28.06.2003) (cropped).jpg

| image_size = 200px

| caption = Beksiński in 2003

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{birth date |1929|2|24|df=y}}

| birth_place = Sanok, Poland

| death_date = {{death date and age |2005|2|21|1929|2|24|df=y}}

| death_place = Warsaw, Poland

| nationality = Polish

| movement =

| awards = Order of Polonia Restituta

| patrons =

| website =

| education = Tadeusz Kościuszko University of Technology in Kraków

| imagesize =

| field = Painting, sculpture, photography

| training =

| works =

| influenced by =

| influenced =

| Children =

| module = {{Infobox person|child = yes|signature = Zdzisław Beksiński signature.svg}}

}}

Zdzisław Beksiński ({{IPA|pl|ˈzd͡ʑiswaf bɛkˈɕiɲskʲi|pron}}; 24 February 1929{{spnd}}21 February 2005) was a Polish painter, photographer, and sculptor specializing in the field of dystopian surrealism.

Beksiński made his paintings and drawings in what he called either a Baroque or a Gothic manner. His creations were made mainly in two periods. The first period of work is generally considered to contain expressionistic colour, with a strong style of "utopian realism" and surreal architecture. The second period contained more abstract style, with the main features of formalism.{{cite web|author=Krzysztof Jurecki|date=August 2004|url=http://culture.pl/en/artist/zdzislaw-beksinski|title=Zdzisław Beksiński|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115003152/http://culture.pl/en/artist/zdzislaw-beksinski|archivedate=15 November 2017|work=Culture.pl, Museum of Art in Łódź|others=Translated by Marek Kępa, February 2012}}

Beksiński was stabbed to death at his Warsaw apartment on February 21, 2005, by a 19-year-old acquaintance from Wołomin, reportedly because Beksiński refused to lend him money.{{cite web|author=Polska Agencja Prasowa|accessdate=29 November 2010|url=http://www.karasmierci.info.pl/Morderstwo_malarza_Zdzislawa_Beksinskiego_2005.htm|title=Morderstwo malarza Zdzisława Beksińskiego. Zabójca Beksińskiego posiedzi 25 lat – odwołanie oddalone|lang=pl|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329060818/http://www.karasmierci.info.pl/Morderstwo_malarza_Zdzislawa_Beksinskiego_2005.htm|archivedate=29 March 2015|work=Super Express|date=23 February 2005}}

Life

File:Head sculpture by Zdzislaw Beksinski 1960.jpg

Zdzisław Beksiński was born in Sanok, southern Poland. He studied architecture at Kraków Polytechnic in 1947, finishing his studies in 1952.{{Cite web|title=Life and work|url=http://muzeum.sanok.pl/en/zbiory/zdzislaw-beksinski/zdzislaw-beksinski-2|access-date=2022-02-07|website=muzeum.sanok.pl|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207213712/http://muzeum.sanok.pl/en/zbiory/zdzislaw-beksinski/zdzislaw-beksinski-2|url-status=live}} He returned to Sanok in 1955, working as a construction site supervisor, but found that he did not enjoy it. During this period, he had an interest in montage photography, sculpting, and painting. When he first started sculpting, he often used his construction site materials for his medium. His early photography was a precursor to his later paintings, often depicting peculiar wrinkles, desolate landscapes, and still-life faces on rough surfaces. His paintings often depict anxiety, such as torn doll faces, or faces erased or obscured by bandages wrapped around the portrait. His main focus was on abstract painting, and his works in the 1960s were inspired by surrealism.

=Painting and drawing=

File:AA78 by Zdzislaw Beksinski 1978.jpg

File:Untitled painting by Zdzislaw Beksinski 1984.jpg

Beksiński had no formal training as an artist. He was a graduate of the Faculty of Architecture at the Kraków Polytechnic, receiving an MSc in 1952. His paintings were mainly created using oil paint on hardboard panels that he personally prepared, although he also experimented with acrylic paints. Beksiński listened to classical music while painting.{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/the-dystopian-surrealism-of-zdzislaw-beksinski/ |title=The Dystopian Surrealism of Zdzislaw Beksinski |first=Errika |last=Gerakiti |date=September 11, 2019 |access-date=11 January 2021 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117070304/https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/the-dystopian-surrealism-of-zdzislaw-beksinski/ |url-status=live }}

=Fantastic Realism=

An exhibition of Beksiński's works organized by Janusz Bogucki in Warsaw in 1964 was his first major success.{{cite web |url= https://warszawa.gosc.pl/doc/6931472.beksinski-nieobojetny-27-prac-ktore-porusza-kazdego/2 |language= pl |title= Beksiński nieobojętny. 27 prac, które poruszą każdego |date= 16 June 2021 |access-date= 9 May 2022 |archive-date= 10 November 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221110233753/https://warszawa.gosc.pl/doc/6931472.beksinski-nieobojetny-27-prac-ktore-porusza-kazdego/2 |url-status= live }}{{cite web | url = https://artinfo.pl/artinformacje/beksinski-w-warszawie | language = pl | title = Beksiński w Warszawie! | access-date = 9 May 2022 | archive-date = 4 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232908/https://artinfo.pl/artinformacje/beksinski-w-warszawie | url-status = live }}

Beksiński soon became the leading figure in contemporary Polish art. In the late 1960s, Beksiński entered what he called his "fantastic period," which lasted into the mid-1980s. This is his best-known period, during which he created disturbing images, showing a gloomy, surrealistic environment with detailed scenes of death, decay, landscapes filled with skeletons, deformed figures, and deserts. At the time, Beksiński claimed, "I wish to paint in such a manner as if I were photographing dreams."{{cite web |url=https://ypsilon.org.pl/moje-sny-czasem-spotykaja-sie-ze-snami-beksinskiego/ |language=pl |title=Moje sny czasem spotykają się ze snami Beksińskiego |date=8 November 2020 |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814152507/https://ypsilon.org.pl/moje-sny-czasem-spotykaja-sie-ze-snami-beksinskiego/ |url-status=live }}

Despite the grim subjects, Beksiński claimed some of his works were misunderstood; in his opinion, they were rather optimistic or even humorous. For the most part, Beksiński was adamant that even he did not know the meaning of his artworks and was uninterested in possible interpretations; in keeping with this notion, he refused to provide titles for any of his drawings or paintings. Before moving to Warsaw in 1977, he destroyed a selection of his works in his own backyard, without leaving any documentation concerning them.{{cite web |url = https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kultura/1679406,1,artystyczne-eksperymenty-zdzislawa-beksinskiego.read |language = pl |title = Artystyczne eksperymenty Zdzisława Beksińskiego |date = 18 October 2016 |access-date = 9 May 2022 |archive-date = 9 May 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220509172713/https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kultura/1679406,1,artystyczne-eksperymenty-zdzislawa-beksinskiego.read |url-status = live }}

=Later work=

File:Untitled photomontage by Zdzislaw Beksinski 2000-05.jpg

In the later part of the 1990s, he became interested in computers, the Internet, digital photography and photo manipulation, a medium that he focused on until his death.{{cite web |url= https://kulturawokolnas.pl/beksinski-od-fotografii-do-wirtualnej-rzeczywistosci-ponad-sto-prac-w-koneserze/ |language= pl |title= Beksiński od fotografii do wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Ponad sto prac w Koneserze |date= 14 April 2019 |access-date= 9 May 2022 |archive-date= 20 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220520013141/https://kulturawokolnas.pl/beksinski-od-fotografii-do-wirtualnej-rzeczywistosci-ponad-sto-prac-w-koneserze/ |url-status= live }}

Later life and death

File:Sanok cemetery beksinski.jpg]]

Beksiński's wife, Zofia, died in 1998; a year later, on Christmas Eve 1999, his son Tomasz committed suicide by drug overdose. Beksiński discovered his son's body.

Beksiński was murdered in his flat in Warsaw on 21 February 2005 by Robert Kupiec, the teenage son of his longtime caretaker. His cousin, Łukasz was also involved in the murder. Robert and his cousin were arrested shortly after the crime. On 9 November 2006 Robert was sentenced to 25 years in prison, and his crime partner, Łukasz, was sentenced to 5 years by the Supreme Court of Warsaw.{{cite news |url=https://journalstar.com/news/national/painter-zdzislaw-beksinski-found-stabbed-to-death/article_b60fe425-f592-5c50-a609-eb145cbbe3fc.html |title=Painter Zdzislaw Beksinski found stabbed to death |date=February 21, 2005 |work=Lincoln Journal Star |agency=The Associated Press |access-date=11 January 2021 |archive-date=13 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513001034/http://journalstar.com/news/national/painter-zdzislaw-beksinski-found-stabbed-to-death/article_b60fe425-f592-5c50-a609-eb145cbbe3fc.html |url-status=live }}

Personality

Although Beksiński's art was often grim, he himself was known to be a pleasant person who took enjoyment from conversation and had a keen sense of humor. He was modest and somewhat shy, avoiding public events such as the openings of his own exhibitions. He credited music as his main source of inspiration. He claimed not to be much influenced by literature, cinema or the work of other artists, and almost never visited museums or exhibitions. Beksiński avoided concrete analysis of the content of his work, saying "I don't want to say or convey anything. I just paint what comes to my mind".{{cite web |url= https://paradoks.net.pl/read/9904-tworczosc-zdzislawa-beksinskiego |language= pl |title= Twórczość Zdzisława Beksińskiego |date= 20 February 2009 |access-date= 9 May 2022 |archive-date= 24 September 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220924233850/https://paradoks.net.pl/read/9904-tworczosc-zdzislawa-beksinskiego |url-status= live }}

He had obsessive–compulsive disorder, which made him reluctant to travel;{{cite web | url=https://serpentpublishing.com/about-zdzislaw-beksinski.html | title=About Zdzisław Beksiński - biography, techniques, facts, quotes, photography and more | access-date=28 December 2022 | archive-date=28 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228175742/https://serpentpublishing.com/about-zdzislaw-beksinski.html | url-status=live }} he referred to his condition as "neurotic diarrhea".

Artistic legacy

The town of Sanok, Poland, houses a museum dedicated to Beksiński. A Beksiński museum housing 50 paintings and 120 drawings from the Dmochowski collection (who owns the biggest private collection of Beksiński's art)[http://www.malopolska24.pl/index.php/2011/03/sny-beksinskiego/ Sny Beksińskiego] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628053655/http://www.malopolska24.pl/index.php/2011/03/sny-beksinskiego/ |date=28 June 2017 }} November 2015. opened in 2006 in the City Art Gallery of Częstochowa, Poland. On 18th May 2012 with the participation of Minister of Regional Development Elżbieta Bieńkowska and others took place ceremonial opening of the {{ill|New Gallery of Zdzisław Beksiński|pl|Podkarpackie Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej im. Zdzisława Beksińskiego w Sanoku}} in the rebuilt wing of the castle. On 19th May 2012, The New Gallery opened for the public.{{cite web |url= https://www.wprost.pl/301911/otwarcie-galerii-beksinskiego-w-sanoku-w-2012.html |language= pl |title= Otwarcie Galerii Beksińskiego w Sanoku w 2012 |date= 7 February 2011 |access-date= 9 May 2022 |archive-date= 9 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220509175051/https://www.wprost.pl/301911/otwarcie-galerii-beksinskiego-w-sanoku-w-2012.html |url-status= live }} A 'Beksiński cross', in the characteristic T-shape frequently employed by the artist, was installed for Burning Man to honor the artist's memory.{{cite web |url=https://www.thecollector.com/zdzislaw-beksinski-the-dystopian-surrealist-painter-you-should-know/ |title=Zdzislaw Beksinski: The Dystopian Surrealist Painter You Should Know |date=5 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519145923/https://www.thecollector.com/zdzislaw-beksinski-the-dystopian-surrealist-painter-you-should-know/ |url-status=live }}

In 2023, the online Zdzisław Beksiński Art Promotion Archive, an online collection of Beksiński's works, was created.{{Cite web |title=Archiwum promocji sztuki Zdzisława Beksińskiego |url=https://www.beksinskiarchiwum.net/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=www.beksinskiarchiwum.net}}

=Short stories=

From 1963 to 1965, Beksiński wrote short stories. However, he was unhappy with the results and sealed them away, deciding to hone his skills in painting instead.{{cite book|last=Chomiszczak|first=Tomasz|date=2016|editor-last=Beksiński|editor-first=Zdzisław|title=Opowiadania|publisher=Bosz|pages=356–409|chapter=Posłowie: „Zaledwie okruchy, bezużyteczne szczątki, niedojedzone przez czas resztki”. Prozatorskie do-myślenia Zdzisława Beksińskiego|isbn=978-83-7576-253-2}} They remained unpublished until after his death. In 2015, a collection of his short stories was published. The stories have an unfinished and chaotic nature; they vary from abstract onirist tales and philosophical self-reflections to metaphorical post-apocalyptic fiction and crime thriller stories.{{cite web|url=https://ksiazkizklimatem.wordpress.com/2015/06/29/zdzislaw-beksinski-opowiadania/|title=Zdzisław Beksiński "Opowiadania"|author=krzysiek66|date=2015-05-29|website=ksiazkizklimatem.wordpress.com|publisher=WordPress|access-date=2021-07-12|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712230959/https://ksiazkizklimatem.wordpress.com/2015/06/29/zdzislaw-beksinski-opowiadania/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://lubimyczytac.pl/ksiazka/256343/opowiadania|title=Opowiadania – Zdzisław Beksiński|date=2021-07-12|website=lubimyczytac.pl|publisher=Lubimyczytać.pl|access-date=2021-07-12|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712230943/https://lubimyczytac.pl/ksiazka/256343/opowiadania|url-status=live}} Beksiński's literary period is described as "short and intensive", as he wrote 40 short stories in fewer than two years, experimenting with form and narrative.{{cite web|url=https://www.empik.com/zdzislaw-beksinski-opowiadania-beksinski-zdzislaw-chomiszczak-tomasz,p1106826053,ksiazka-p|title=Opowiadania - Zdzisław Beksiński|date=2021-07-13|website=empik.com|publisher=Empik|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712232449/https://www.empik.com/zdzislaw-beksinski-opowiadania-beksinski-zdzislaw-chomiszczak-tomasz,p1106826053,ksiazka-p|url-status=live}}{{cite book|url=http://www.bosz.com.pl/books/481/Zdzislaw-Beksinski-Opowiadania-Zdzislaw-Beksinski/|title=Zdzisław Beksiński. Opowiadania|date=2021-07-13|publisher=Bosz|access-date=2021-07-13|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301094225/http://www.bosz.com.pl/books/481/Zdzislaw-Beksinski-Opowiadania-Zdzislaw-Beksinski/|url-status=live}}

References

Sources

Cowan, J. (Ed.) 2006: The Fantastic Art of Beksiński – Zdzislaw Beksiński: 1929–2005, 3rd edn., Galerie Morpheus International, Las Vegas. {{ISBN|1-883398-38-X}}.
Dmochowski, A. & P. 1991: Beksiński – Photographies, Dessins, Sculptures, Peintures, 2nd edn., API Publishing (Republic of Korea).
Dmochowski, A. & P. 1991: Beksiński – Peintures et Dessins 1987–1991, 1st edn., API Publishing (Republic of Korea).
[http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/kultura/1,34169,2565197.html Gazeta Wyborcza, an interview with Zdzisław Beksiński]
Kulakowska-Lis, J. (Ed.) 2005: Beksiński 1, 3rd edn.; with introduction by Tomasz Gryglewicz. Bosz Art, Poland. {{ISBN|83-87730-11-4}}.
Kulakowska-Lis, J. (Ed.) 2005: Beksiński 2, 2nd edn.; with introduction by Wieslaw Banach. Bosz Art, Poland. {{ISBN|83-87730-42-4}}.

External links

[https://www.beksinskiarchiwum.net/ Zdzisław Beksiński Art Promotion Archive]
[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSx7r29yG8SpAjiSPUH8kxw Beksiński Official Youtube channel with interviews and documentary footage]
[http://shopbeksinski.com Beksiński Official Store]
[http://culture.pl/en/artist/zdzislaw-beksinski Zdzisław Beksiński] at Culture.pl
[http://www.dmochowskigallery.net Zdzisław Beksiński virtual museum] {{in lang|pl|de|en|fr}}
[http://www.gnosis.art.pl/iluminatornia/sztuka_o_inspiracji/zdzislaw_beksinski/zdzislaw_beksinski.htm Zdzisław Beksiński gallery] {{in lang|pl}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080430091913/http://film.onet.pl/0,0,1232945,1,600,artykul.html An Artist does not live anymore. In memoriam for Zdzisław Beksiński by a film director Piotr Andrejew, KINO, no. 6/2005] {{in lang|pl}}
[https://wspieram.to/beksinski#vereng Documentary crowdfunding] Crowdfunder to finance a feature-length documentary on Beksiński's life
[https://culture.pl/en/article/the-cursed-paintings-of-zdzislaw-beksinski The Cursed Paintings of Zdzisław Beksiński] at Culture.pl
[http://muzeum.sanok.pl/en/zbiory/zdzislaw-beksinski/zdzislaw-beksinski-2 Zdzisław Beksiński's Life and Work from Historical Museum in Sanok] where much of his work is housed