Zelda Wynn Valdes

Zelda Valdes was born Zelda Christian Barbour in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina. She trained as a classical pianist at the Catholic Conservatory of Music.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/obituaries/zelda-wynn-valdes-overlooked.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/obituaries/zelda-wynn-valdes-overlooked.html|title=Zelda Wynn, Fashion Designer to the Stars|last=Ford|first=Tanisha C.|date=2019-01-31|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-01|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} In the early 1920s, Valdes started to work in the tailoring shop of her uncle in White Plains, New York. Around the same time, Valdes began working as a stock girl at a high-end boutique. Eventually, she worked her way up to selling and making alterations, becoming the shop's first black sales clerk and tailor. Looking back, Valdes said "It wasn't a pleasant time, but the idea was to see what I could do."{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/23/nyregion/about-new-york-matriarch-of-dancers-sews-clothing-of-delight.html|title=ABOUT NEW YORK; Matriarch of Dancers Sews Clothing of Delight|last=Gonzalez|first=David|date=1994-03-23|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-07-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://blog.oup.com/2015/03/costume-designer-zelda-wynn-valdes/|title=A profile of Zelda Wynn Valdes: costume and fashion designer|last=Deihl|first=Nancy|date=March 31, 2015|website=Oxford University Press Blog|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=July 4, 2016}} Despite the struggles she experienced in her early experiences in the alteration industry, Valdes and her sister, Chez Valdes, opened the first African American owned Manhattan boutique in 1948.{{Cite web |date=2017-06-09 |title=Zelda Barbour Wynn Valdes (1901–2001) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/valdes-zelda-barbour-wynn-1901-2001/ |access-date=2023-03-07 |language=en-US}}

Zelda Wynn Valdes was the eldest of seven children, who grew up in a small rural town called Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Both of her parents, James W. Barbour and Blanche M. Barbour, were working class citizens. Her father was a cook on the Pennsylvania railroad while her mother was a homemaker.

In 1923, she graduated from Chambersburg High School in which she studied business while also attending a Catholic music school in Pennsylvania, where she learned to play the piano. She also learned how to sew from her mother, grandmother, and her grandmother's dressmaker at the time. She would go onto utilize her sewing skills at her uncle's tailoring shop in White Plans, New York in 1923.

File:Joyce Bryant.jpg wearing signature look from Zelda Valdes (Image by Carl Van Vechten)]]Beginning in 1935, she had her own dressmaking business in White Plains, New York. She eventually oversaw ladies alterations, and developed her own dressmaking clientele. In 1948, Valdes opened "Zelda Wynn," her design and dressmaking studio, on Broadway (in what is now Washington Heights on Broadway and West 158th Street).{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdMDAAAAMBAJ&q=Zelda+Wynn+Valdes&pg=PA74|title=Ebony|date=2017-03-08|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}} Valdes said that her shop was the first black-owned business on Broadway. She sold her dresses to movie star Dorothy Dandridge, opera diva Jessye Norman, and singer Gladys Knight. Valdes also dressed the entire bridal party for the 1948 wedding of Marie Ellington, aka Maria Cole and Nat King Cole. Additional celebrity clients included Josephine Baker, Mae West, Ella Fitzgerald, Eartha Kitt, and Marian Anderson, Constance Bennett, Diahann Carroll, Ruby Dee, Aretha Franklin, and Gladys Knight.{{Cite book |last=Deihl |first=Nancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EC48DwAAQBAJ |title=The Hidden History of American Fashion: Rediscovering 20th-century Women Designers |date=2018-02-08 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-00048-3 |language=en}} Her designing relationship with Fitzgerald was mostly long-distance - she told The New York Times in 1994 that she only fitted Fitzgerald once in 12 years, and did most of her designing for her based on her imagination. Valdes also created a new sexier image for singer Joyce Bryant who LIFE Magazine dubbed "the Black Marilyn Monroe."{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebony.com/photos/style/fashionable-innovator-zelda-wynn-valdes#photo-NaN|title=Fashionable Game-Changer: Zelda Wynn Valdes|access-date=2016-07-04}} Wynn's contribution to Bryant's rebranding was integral to the success of the singer's career. Whereas before Bryant was known to wear 'sweet' dresses to accompany her 'sweet' songs, Zelda's suggestion to dress Bryant in more formfitting gowns that complimented her curves, helped in establishing Bryant as a global talent.{{Cite web |last=#teamEBONY |date=2012-03-26 |title=Fashionable Game-Changer: Zelda Wynn Valdes |url=https://www.ebony.com/fashionable-innovator-zelda-wynn-valdes/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Ebony |language=en-US}}

Her extensive clientele coupled to her involvement as president of the National Association of Fashion and Accessory Designers in 1949, bolstered her career. The organization, jointly founded by Mary McLeod Bethune, was made up of Black designers who were dedicated to providing opportunities for networking, professional development, and funding young designers and their endeavors. There was also a focus on bridging the divide between the black fashion world and the mainstream fashion industry.

File:Etikett Kleid Ella Fitzgerald.jpg.]]

In the 1950s, she moved "Chez Zelda" to 151 57th Street in Midtown.{{cite web|url=http://www.ebony.com/photos/style/fashionable-innovator-zelda-wynn-valdes#photo-NaN|title=Fashionable Game-Changer: Zelda Wynn Valdes|last=Gainer|first=Nichelle|publisher=Johnson Publishing|work=Ebony/Style|access-date=28 April 2014}}{{Cite book|title=The Hidden History of American Fashion|last=Deihl|first=Nancy|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2018|isbn=9781350000469|location=London|pages=223–236}} She had a staff of nine dressmakers and charged almost $1,000 per couture gown. Overall, Wynn was widely known to create dresses that accentuated curves whilst delivering a look of powerful femininity. She famously claimed, "I just had a God- given talent for making people beautiful" in an interview with the New York Times in 1994.{{Cite web |title=Zelda Wynn Valdes first black Fashion designer and costumer to open her own shop |url=https://fashionsizzle.com/2013/02/06/zelda-wynn-valdes-first-black-designer-and-costumer-to-open-her-own-shop/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=fashionsizzle.com}}

Since 2013, rumours have suggested the original design of the Playboy Bunny costume was by Valdes; however, there exists no evidence to support this. This is also contradicted by recounts in much earlier publications such as "Big Bunny" by Joe Goldberg (1967) and "The Bunny Years" by Kathryn Leigh Scott (1998).Goldberg, Joe, Big Bunny: The Inside Story of Playboy, Ballantine Books, New York, 1967.Handy, Bruce, May 2011, "A Bunny Thing Happened: An Oral History of the Playboy Clubs", Vanity Fair.Scott, Kathryn Leigh, The Bunny Years, Pomegranate Press, New York, 1998, pp.54-55. {{ISBN|978-0-9388-1743-7}}

Zelda Wynn Valdes was known to consistently contribute to social work and community building. Beginning in the 1960s. She directed the Fashion and Design Workshop of the Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited and Associated Community Teams (HARYOU-ACT). Valdes taught costume designing skills and facilitated fabric donations to the student workshops. Additionally, she was one of the founders of the National Association of Fashion Accessory Designers, an industry group intended to promote black talent in the fashion industry.{{Cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/1992-05-31/news/26012663_1_accessory-designers-mainstream-fashion-industry-dramatic-fashions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813155152/http://articles.philly.com/1992-05-31/news/26012663_1_accessory-designers-mainstream-fashion-industry-dramatic-fashions|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 13, 2014|title=4 Decades Of Fine Local Fashions A Black Design Group Takes To The Runway Today For Its Big Annual Show, And Plans To Start Making Noise.|access-date=2016-07-04}}{{cite book|last1=Reed Miller|first1=Rosemary E|title=Threads of time: the fabric of history : profiles of African American dressmakers and designers, 1850-2002|date=2006|publisher=T & S Press|isbn=0970971303|oclc=172683699|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/172683699|access-date=18 August 2017|language=en}} This group was established with the sponsorship of the National Council of Negro Women. Continuing in her dedication to her community, she notably participated in charity fashion shows for Abyssinian Baptist Church, the Salvation Army, New York Baptist Home for the Aged, and Jack and Jill.

Her role as a communal contributor to the African American society also extended to her role in the Civil Rights movement. Wynn's fashion career was inherently connected to the Civil Right movement, as her success came at a time during racial segregation in the United States. In effect, there was a segregation in the fashion industry separating the industry created by black designers and the mainstream fashion world. However through her achievement and success in the fashion world, she was conducive to establishing a positive black identity.

In 1970, Arthur Mitchell asked Valdes to design costumes for his new company, the Dance Theatre of Harlem. She closed her business in 1989 but continued to work with the Dance Theatre of Harlem until her death in 2001 at the age of 100. During her time at the Dance Theatre of Harlem, she worked on a total of 82 ballets productions in over 22 countries until her death.{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Ingrid |date=2020-11-02 |title=Zelda Wynn Valdes: The Black Designer Behind The Playboy Bunny |url=https://www.womensrepublic.net/zelda-wynn-valdes-the-black-designer-behind-the-playboy-bunny/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Women's Republic |language=en-US}}

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Category:1905 births

Category:2001 deaths

Category:African-American fashion designers

Category:American fashion designers

Category:American women fashion designers

Category:20th-century American businesspeople

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Category:20th-century African-American women

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Category:20th-century African-American businesspeople