Zephyranthes rosea

File:Zephyranthes rosea (Mindanao, Philippines) 2.jpg

File:Zephyranthes rosea (2).jpg, Kerala]]

File:Zephyranthes rosea.jpg

File:Rain lilly rose.jpg, Kerala India]]

File:Zephyranthes rosea 10.821.jpg

Zephyranthes rosea are perennial herbaceous monocots. They are small plants, reaching only {{convert|15|to|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} in height.{{cite book|author=Kirti Mathura|title =The Arizona Low Desert Flower Garden: A Seasonal Guide to Bloom, Height, Color, and Texture|publisher=Gibbs Smith|year =2007|page=134|isbn =978-1-58685-896-4|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=hBYadBBbvaoC&pg=PA134}} They bear five to six narrow and flattened dark green linear leaves, about {{convert|3|to|4|mm|in|abbr=on}} wide, from spherical tunicate bulbs around {{convert|1.5|to|2.5|cm|in}} in diameter.{{cite journal|author1=Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez|author2=Mark T. Strong|name-list-style=amp|year=2005|title=Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands|journal=Contributions from the United States National Herbarium|volume=52|pages=1–415|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|url=http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/PRFlora/monocots/vol52web.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=June 27, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627092506/http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/PRFlora/monocots/vol52web.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://hortuscamden.com/plants/view/zephyranthes-rosea-lindl|title=Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.|publisher=Hortus Camdensis|access-date=August 7, 2011}}

The single funnel-shaped flowers are borne erect or slightly inclined on scapes around {{convert|10|to|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. The spathes are around {{convert|2|to|2.8|cm|abbr=on}} long and slightly divided only at the tip.{{cite book|author=Stuart Max Walters|title =The European Garden Flora: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year =1986|page=294|isbn =978-0-521-24859-4|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=1dd5M-ToXAcC&pg=PA294}} The fragrant six-petaled flowers are around {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter and {{convert|3|to|3.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. The perianth is bright pink with a green central perianth tube that is less than {{convert|5|mm|in|abbr=on}} long.{{cite journal|author1=José Luis Fernández-Alonso|author2=Jeroen P. Groenendijk|name-list-style=amp|year=2004|title=A New Species of Zephyranthes Herb. S. L. (Amaryllidaceae, Hippeastreae), with Notes on the Genus in Colombia|journal=Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.|volume=28|issue=107|pages=177–186|issn=0370-3908|url=http://www.accefyn.org.co/revista/Vol_28/107/177-186.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=October 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001060544/http://www.accefyn.org.co/revista/Vol_28/107/177-186.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite book|author1=Rita Buchanan |author2=Roger Holmes |name-list-style=amp |title =Taylor's Master Guide to Gardening|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year =2001|page=521|isbn =978-0-618-15907-9|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=sWrSM-4CoLoC&pg=PA521}}{{cite book|author=David W. Nellis|title =Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean|publisher=Pineapple Press Inc.|year =1997|page=7|isbn =978-1-56164-111-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=C8xJE2NfQpIC&pg=PA7}} The six stamens are of different lengths – one of {{convert|11|mm|in|abbr=on}}, one of {{convert|16|mm|in|abbr=on}}, and four between {{convert|12|and|13|mm|in|abbr=on}}. They are shorter than the style and inserted at the mouth of the perianth. The anthers are {{convert|3|to|6|mm|in|abbr=on}} long.{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242102088|title=Zephyranthes rosea Lindley, Bot. Reg. 10: plate 821. 1824. |publisher=Flora of North America, eFloras.org|access-date=August 7, 2011}}

The flowers develop into capsules that are divided deeply into three lobes.{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=55586|title=Zephyranthes rosea (Spreng.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10: t. 821 (1824)|publisher=Flora of Australia Online, Australian Biological Resources Study|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=October 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026094721/http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=55586|url-status=dead}} The seeds are shiny black and flattened.

Zephyranthes rosea belongs to the genus Zephyranthes (rain lilies) of the subtribe Zephyranthinea of the tribe Hippeastreae.{{cite web|url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Hippeastreae.htm|title=Hippeastreae|author=Pascal Vigneron|publisher=Amaryllidaceae.org|access-date=August 9, 2011|archive-date=October 24, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024095533/http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Hippeastreae.htm|url-status=dead}} It is classified under the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

Zephyranthes rosea (like other rain lilies) are so named because they produce short-lived flowers only after seasonal heavy rains or storms.{{cite web|url=http://www.comfsm.fm/~dleeling/angio/zephyranthes_rosea.html|title=Zephyranthes rosea|publisher=College of Micronesia – FSM|access-date=August 7, 2011}}{{cite news|url=http://typesoflilies.com/rain_lily/rain_lily.html|title=The Rain Lily|publisher=Types of Lilies|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307131626/http://www.typesoflilies.com/rain_lily/rain_lily.html|url-status=dead}} In Z. rosea, this usually occurs during the late summer. The generic name Zephyranthes literally means "flowers of the west wind", from Greek ζέφυρος (zéphuros, the god of the west wind) and ἄνθος (anthos, 'flower').{{cite web|url=http://www.bobbyjward.com/articles/mexican_transplant.htm|title=Flowers of the West Wind: Rain Lilies|author=Bobby J. Ward|publisher=www.bobbyjward.com|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=May 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506070343/http://www.bobbyjward.com/articles/mexican_transplant.htm|url-status=dead}} Zephyrus, the Greek personification of the west wind, is also associated with rainfall. The specific name comes from Latin for 'rosy'.

Other common names of Z. rosea include 'pink rain lily', 'pink fairy lily', 'pink magic lily', 'pink zephyr lily', 'rain flower', and 'rose rain lily'.{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?mode=Scientific+Name&go.x=8&go.y=10&go=go&keywordquery=Zephyranthes+rosea|title=Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. – Cuban zephyrlily|publisher=USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database|access-date=August 7, 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=107|title=Zephyranthes rosea |publisher=Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants, Institute for Systematic Botany|access-date=August 7, 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org/species.asp?id=6800|title=Rose Rain Lily|publisher=Cook Islands Biodiversity & Natural Heritage|access-date=August 7, 2011}} It is also commonly known as duende rojo ('red dwarf') and leli de San Jose in Spanish; and rosafarbene and Windblume in German.

Zephyranthes rosea is one of the two Zephyranthes species known as the 'pink rain lily'. The other species is Zephyranthes carinata, usually referred to incorrectly as Zephyranthes grandiflora. Z. carinata is often mislabeled as Z. rosea by merchants.{{cite web|url=http://www.gaygardener.com/gardenspot/bulbs022.phtml|title=Zephyranthes grandiflora|publisher=Gay Gardener|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=February 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202004858/http://www.gaygardener.com/gardenspot/bulbs022.phtml|url-status=dead}} Z. carinata can be distinguished from true Z. rosea by their much larger flowers with a deeper pink coloration.{{cite book|author=William Lanier Hunt|title =Southern Gardens, Southern Gardening|publisher=Duke University Press|year =1992|page=57|isbn =978-0-8223-1223-9|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=P1evhT9H0qcC&pg=PA57}}{{cite web|url=http://www.zanthan.com/gardens/plants/zephyranthes1.html|title=Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl. |publisher=Zanthan Plant Profile|access-date=August 7, 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://hortuscamden.com/plants/view/zephyranthes-grandiflora-lindl|title=Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl. |publisher=Hortus Camdenensis|access-date=August 7, 2011}} Z. rosea also has 24 chromosomes in diploid somatic cells, in contrast to 48 in Z. carinata.{{cite journal|author1=Puangpaga Soontornchainaksang|author2=Kanyarat Chaiyasut|name-list-style=amp|year=1996|title=Cytogenetic study of Some Thai Species of Flowering Plants|journal=Thai For. Bull. (Bot.)|volume=24|pages=50–61|url=http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/PDF/TFB/TFB24/TFB24_3Cytogenetic.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=March 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316105307/http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/PDF/TFB/TFB24/TFB24_3Cytogenetic.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Another similar species known under the same common names is Zephyranthes robusta. They can be differentiated from Z. rosea by having paler pink and larger flowers.

Zephyranthes rosea is native to Peru and Colombia. It is widely planted in warmer regions around the world and is reportedly naturalized in Florida, India, the West Indies, many of the islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans{{GRIN | name = Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. | id = 42238 | access-date =August 7, 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Zephyranthes+rosea|title=Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.|publisher=Discover Life|access-date=August 7, 2011}} They are common in recently disturbed land and grassy areas (like lawns and meadows) that receive periodical rainfall.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=292012 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]

Zephyranthes rosea are usually propagated by dividing clumps of bulbs, but can also be grown from seeds. They are widely cultivated as ornamental plants. They are relatively low-maintenance, becoming dormant during extended periods of drought. They are less tolerant of colder temperatures than other species of Zephyranthes, however.

In India, they are also used in folk medicine, along with Zephyranthes flava.{{cite journal|author1=Lucie Cahlíková|author2=Irena Valterová|author3=Kateřina Macáková|author4=Lubomír Opletal|name-list-style=amp|year=2010|title=Analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Zephyranthes grandiflora by GC/MS and their cholinesterase activity|journal=Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy (Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)|volume=5|issue=8|pages=1201–1204|publisher=Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia|issn=0102-695X|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbfar/2011nahead/aop8711.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=October 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013071020/http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbfar/2011nahead/aop8711.pdf|url-status=dead}}

The bulbs of Z. rosea, like other members of Zephyranthes and Habranthus, contain various toxic alkaloids including lycorine and haemanthamine.{{cite journal|author=Julia F. Morton|year=1962|title=Ornamental Plants With Toxic And/Or Irritant Properties. II.|journal=Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society|volume=75|pages=484–491|publisher=Florida State Horticultural Society|url=http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1962%20Vol.%2075/484-491%20(MORTON).pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=March 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320213747/http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1962%20Vol.%2075/484-491%20(MORTON).pdf|url-status=dead}} They can cause vomiting, convulsions, and death to humans, livestock, and poultry.{{cite journal|author=Gary W. Knox|year=2005|title=Rainlily, Zephyranthes and Habranthus spp.: Low Maintenance Flowering Bulbs for Florida Gardens|journal=Enh1151|publisher=Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, University of Florida|url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP41200.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011|archive-date=September 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926111604/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP41200.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Pests of Z. rosea include chewing insects. They are also vulnerable to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea.{{cite journal|author=Edward F. Gilman|year=1999|title=Rainlily, Zephyranthes spp|journal=Fact Sheet FPS-621|publisher=IFAS Extension, University of Florida|url=http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/zepsppa.pdf|access-date=August 7, 2011 }}

{{Commons category|Zephyranthes rosea|Zephyranthes rosea}}

{{Wikispecies|Zephyranthes rosea|Zephyranthes rosea}}

• Zephyranthes atamasca – the Atamasco lily
• Zephyranthes candida – the white rain lily
• Zephyranthes puertoricensis – the Puerto Rican zephyr lily
• Habranthus – a closely related genus

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rosea

Category:Garden plants

Category:Plants described in 1824

Category:Flora of Colombia

Category:Flora of Peru