Zhang Hu (poet)
{{Short description|Chinese poet in mid-Tang dynasty.}}
{{Good article}}
{{Infobox Chinese
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| t = 張祜
| s = 张祜
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| p = Zhāng Hù
| w = Chang2 Hu4
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| c2 = 承吉
| l2 = (courtesy name)
| p2 = Chéngjí
| w2 = Ch'eng1chi1
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Zhang Hu ({{circa|792}} – {{circa|853}}) was a Chinese poet of the mid-Tang dynasty. His courtesy name was Chengji.
After travelling to the capital of Chang'an, Zhang was unsuccessful in seeking a position at court. He spent the latter half of his life travelling to famous places and composing poetry. The majority of his surviving poems are on historical topics and famous places he visited in his travels.
Biography
Zhang Hu was born in 792,{{sfnm|1a1=Britannica|1y=2014}}{{efn|Ueki et al. 1999 put a question mark on this date.}} in Qinghe (modern Qinghe County, Hebei or Shandong){{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}} or possibly Nanyang (modern Nanyang, Henan).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999}} His courtesy name was Chengji.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}}
Zhang flourished between 820 and 845.Paragraph 86 in Paul W. Kroll "Poetry of the T'ang Dynasty", chapter 14 in Mair 2001. Living early on in Gusu, in the Changqing era (821–824) he was summoned to the capital Chang'an on the recommendation of Linghu Chu.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999}} Linghu had known Zhang through the 810s, and his recommendation memorial was submitted along with 300 of Zhang's poems.{{sfn|Moore|2004|p=334}} However, he failed to find employment at court due to the opposition of Yuan Zhen, who claimed Zhang lacked literary talent. Zhang moved to Huainan, where he spent his days visiting famous temples and places of scenic beauty and devoting himself to poetry composition.{{sfnm|1a1=Moore|1p=334|1y=2004|2a1=Ueki et al.|2p=128|2y=1999}}
Later, Zhang retired to Danyang (modern Danyang, Jiangsu), where spent the rest of his days as a private citizen.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999}} He likely died in 852 or 853.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}}{{efn|Britannica gives the date as "852?" while Ueki et al. 1999 give "853?".}}
Poetry
Roughly 350 of Zhang's poems have survived, most of which are based on famous temples and places of scenic beauty that he visited in his travels.{{sfnm|1a1=Britannica|1y=2014}} He primarily wrote quatrains on historical topics. There is an anthology of his poetry called the Zhang Chushi Shiji ({{zh|t=張處士詩集|s=张処士诗集|p=Zhāng Chǔshì Shījí|w=Chang2 Ch'u3shih4 Shih2chi1|l=Collection of Poems by Retired Scholar Zhang}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999}}
Zhang wrote a dozen poems on the reign of Xuanzong, of which the following notably deals with the emperor's relationship with an older sister of Yang Guifei:{{sfnm|1a1=Liu|1p=540|1y=2015}}
Among Zhang's better-known poems is the {{illm|wuyan lüshi|zh|律诗}} "Jinshan-si" ({{zh|c=金山寺|p=Jīnshān-sì|w=Chin2shan2-ssu4|l=Jinshan Temple" or "Golden Mountain Temple}}):{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=128|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}}
Five of Zhang's poems were included in the Three Hundred Tang Poems.{{Cite web |url=http://cls.hs.yzu.edu.tw/300/BIN/au_srch.asp?auid=000049 |title=唐詩三百首網路教學系統 作者資料 |access-date=2016-11-06 |archive-date=2003-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030708235707/http://cls.hs.yzu.edu.tw/300/bin/au_srch.asp?auid=000049 |url-status=dead }}
Notes
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|colwidth=50em}}
Works cited
- {{cite encyclopedia
|encyclopedia = Britannica Kokusai Dai-Hyakkajiten
|title = Zhang Hu (Chō Ko in Japanese)
|language = ja
|year = 2014
|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/張祜-97781
|access-date = 2016-11-05
|ref = {{SfnRef|Britannica|2014}}
}}
- Mair, Victor H. (ed.) (2001). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|0-231-10984-9}}. (Amazon Kindle edition.)
- {{cite book
| last=Moore
|first=Oliver J.
|author-link=Oliver J. Moore
|year=2004
|title=Rituals of Recruitment in Tang China: Reading an Annual Programme in the Collected Statements of Wang Dingbao (870–940)
|location=Leiden/Boston
|publisher=Brill
}}
- {{cite book
|editor-last = Matsuura
|editor-first = Tomohisa
|editor-link = Tomohisa Matsuura
|last1 = Ueki
|first1 = Hisayuki
|author-link1 = Hisayuki Ueki
|last2 = Uno
|first2 = Naoto
|author-link2 = Naoto Uno
|last3 = Matsubara
|first3 = Akira
|author-link3 = Akira Matsubara
|chapter = Shijin to Shi no Shōgai (Chō Ko)
|pages = 128
|title = Kanshi no Jiten
|script-title = ja:漢詩の事典
|language = ja
|year = 1999
|volume = 1
|location = Tokyo
|publisher = Taishūkan Shoten
|ref = {{SfnRef|Ueki et al.|1999}}
|oclc = 41025662
}}
- {{cite book
|editor-last1 = Lee
|editor-first1 = Lily Xiao Hong
|editor-link1 = Lily Xiao Hong Lee
|editor-last2 = Wiles
|editor-first2 = Sue
|editor-link2 = Sue Wiles
|last = Liu
|first = Ning
|author-link1 = Liu Ning
|translator-last = Lee
|translator-first = Lily Xiao Hong
|chapter = Yang, Lady of Guo State
|pages = 540–541
|title = Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming 618–1644
|language = en
|year = 2015
|volume = 1
|location = London/New York
|publisher = Routledge
|isbn = 9781317515623
|oclc = 1069740337
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xqNsBgAAQBAJ&q=%22a+poem+by+Zhang+Hu+of+late+Tang%22&pg=PA540
}}
External links
- Books of the Quan Tangshi that include collected poems of Zhang Hu at the Chinese Text Project:
- [http://ctext.org/quantangshi/510 Book 510]
- [http://ctext.org/quantangshi/511 Book 511]
{{Authority control}}
Category:9th-century Chinese poets
Category:Politicians from Xingtai