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Zhao (surname)

{{Short description|Chinese surname}}

{{ Infobox surname

| name = Zhao / Chao / Chiu /

Triệu

| image = Zhao surname.jpg

| image_size = 200

| caption =

| pronunciation = Zhào (Mandarin Pinyin)
Ziu6 (Cantonese Jyutping)
Tiō (Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
Jo (Korean RR)
Triệu (Vietnamese)

| meaning = Name of a feudal state during the Zhou dynasty

| region =

| language = Chinese

| variant = Chao
Cantonese: Jew, Chew, Chiu, Chu, Jew, Jue, Siu, Tsiu
Shanghainese: Zau

| derivative =Cho, Triệu

| footnotes =

}}

{{Infobox Chinese

|pic=Zhao (Chinese characters).svg

|piccap="Zhao" in seal script (top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters

|picupright=0.25

|t=趙

|s=赵

|p=Zhào

|w=Chao4

|mi={{IPAc-cmn|zh|ao|4}}

|suz=Zâu

|j=Ziu6

|y=Jiuh

|tl=Tiō

|hangul=조

|rr=Jo

|qn=Triệu

|mc=ɖjéu

|oc-bs=*{{IPA|[d]rewʔ}}

}}

Zhao ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|aʊ}};{{cite web|title=Zhao Ziyang|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/zhao-ziyang|website=Collins English Dictionary}} {{zh|t=趙|s=赵|p=Zhào|w=Chao⁴|first=t}}) is a Chinese-language surname.{{NoteTag|For its meanings in ancient Chinese see Kangxi dictionary's entry "趙".康熙字典, [https://kangxizidian.com/search/index.php?stype=Word&sword=%E8%B6%99&detail=y "趙"]}} The name is first in the Hundred Family Surnames – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – because it was the emperor's surname of the Song dynasty (960–1279) when the list was compiled. The first line of the poem is 趙錢孫李 (Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li).

Zhao may be romanized as "Chiu" from the Cantonese pronunciation, and is romanized in Taiwan and Hong Kong as "Chao" in the Wade–Giles system. It is romanized as Vietnamese family name "Triệu" among the Chinese diaspora in Vietnam. Zhao is cognate to Korean family name "Cho" (조) in Korea.

The romanization is shared with the much rarer family name Zhào (兆).

Evolution of the Zhao clan

{{unreferenced section|date=August 2019}}

{{Ahnentafel

|1= Yíng (嬴姓) – Royal house of Qin (state) and Qin dynasty
Royal house of Zhao (state)

|2= Zhao clans (趙氏) – Royal house of Qin dynasty

|3= The clans of Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黄), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Mou (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), and Qu (瞿)

|4= Zhao clan (趙氏) – Royal house of Song dynasty

}}

Modern culture

In Lu Xun's novel The True Story of Ah Q, Ah Q said he belonged to the same clan as Mr. Zhao, who was an honored landlord of the village. Mr. Zhao was very angry. He slapped Ah Q's face and said, 'How could you be named Zhao!—Do you think you are worthy of the name Zhao?'{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lu-xun/1921/12/ah-q/ch01.htm|title=The True Story of Ah-Q|last=Ah-Q|first=Lu Xun, Lu Hsun|website=marxists.org|access-date=2017-06-30}}

Since 2015 or earlier, in the Chinese internet, Zhao became the intimation of the Chinese Communist Party and the 'State of Zhao' became the intimation of China. Similarly, 'The Zhao Family' refers to the dignitaries of China, and "The Zhao's Army" refers to the People's Liberation Army.{{Cite web|url=https://chinadigitaltimes.net/space/%E8%B5%B5%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA|title=赵家人 - China Digital Space|website=China Digital Times|language=en|access-date=2017-06-30}} 'How could you be named Zhao!' is popular to satirize the people who are humble but pretend to be powerful.

In 2016, the blog writer Program Think set up a GitHub project named Zhao.{{Citation|last=编程随想|title=zhao: 【编程随想】整理的《太子党关系网络》，专门揭露赵国的权贵|date=2017-07-01|url=https://github.com/programthink/zhao|access-date=2017-07-01}} The project collects the relationships among more than 700 people in over 130 families including Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, and many other high level government officials of the Chinese Communist Party. The Cyberspace Administration of China requested GitHub to remove the project.{{Citation|title=gov-takedowns: Text of government takedown notices as received. GitHub does not endorse or adopt any assertion contained in the following notices|date=2017-06-29|url=https://github.com/github/gov-takedowns|publisher=GitHub|access-date=2017-06-30}} Error status code 451 would be reached if the connection request to the project is from China.

Prominent people with the family name

=Historical figures=

  • Zhao Zheng (traditional Chinese: 趙政), the first emperor of China, founder of the Qin dynasty, most commonly known as Qin Shi Huang (traditional Chinese: 秦始皇)
  • Zhao Chengjiao (趙成蟜), the first emperor's half-brother, after the first emperor inherited the throne, he rebelled and was killed by the emperor
  • Zhao Chou, warlord during the Late Tang dynasty
  • Zhao Dejun, general of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Tang and Later Tang's predecessor state Jin
  • Zhao Gao, close advisor to emperors during the Qin dynasty. He was one of the most corrupt, villainous, violent and powerful eunuchs in Chinese history
  • Zhao Guangyi, chancellor of Southern Han
  • Zhao Jieyu, a consort of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty
  • Zhao Kuangyin (趙匡胤) or Emperor Taizu of Song (宋太祖), the founder of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Deyin, warlord late in the Tang dynasty
  • Zhao Dezhao, second son of Emperor Taizu
  • Zhao Feiyan, empress of the Western Han dynasty to Emperor Cheng
  • Zhao Hede, imperial consort to Emperor Cheng of Han sister to Empress Zhao Feiyan
  • Zhao Kuangyi, brother of Zhao Kuangyin and second emperor of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Heng, third emperor of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Zhen, fourth emperor of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Shu, fifth emperor of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Xu, sixth emperor of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Xu, seventh emperor of the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Ji, eighth emperor of the Song dynasty, famous for being a skilled poet, painter, calligrapher, and musician.
  • Zhao Boju, painter during the Song dynasty
  • Zhao Yun (traditional Chinese: 趙雲), general of Shu Han during the era of Three Kingdoms
  • Zhao Mengfu calligrapher, descendant of the Song imperial family
  • Zhao Yong calligrapher, son of Zhao Mengfu, descendant of the Song imperial family
  • Zhao Yiguang, literary figure and author during the Ming dynasty, relative of Zhao Mengfu, descendant of the Song imperial family

=Modern figures=

See also

Notes

{{NoteFoot}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{Cite book|first=Kangqi|last=Chen|title=郎潜纪闻初笔二笔三笔|publisher=Zhonghua Book Company|year=1997|edition=Langqian Notes 1st, 2nd and 3rd |isbn=9787101017021|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1070521/}}
  • {{Cite book|first=Jiaji|last=Du|title=八旗与清朝政治论稿 (The Political Papers of Eight Banners and Qing Dynasty)|publisher=Renmin Publishing House|year=2008|isbn=9787010067537|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/3026914/}}
  • {{Cite book|first=Zengyi|last=Hu|title=新满汉大词典 (A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary)|publisher=Xinjiang People's Publishing House|year=1994|isbn=9787228024049|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/2302191/ }}
  • {{Cite book|last=Hungjeo|title=八旗满洲氏族通谱 (Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book)|publisher=Liaohai Publishing House |year=2002|isbn=9787806691892|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1608412/}}
  • {{Cite book|first1=Guangping|last1=Jin|first2=Qicong|last2=Jin|last3=Ulhicun|title=爱新觉罗氏三代满学论集 (The Paper Collection of Three Generations of Aisin Gioro)|publisher=Yuanfang Publishing House|year=1996|isbn=9787805951485|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1559458/ }}
  • {{Cite book|first=Qicong|last=Jin|title=金启孮谈北京的满族 (Jin Qicong Talks About Beijing Manchus)|publisher=Zhonghua Book Company |year=2009|isbn=978-7101068566|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/4007782/}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Jooliyan|title=啸亭杂录 (Xiaoting Various Records)|publisher=Zhonghua Book Company|year=1980|isbn=9787101017519|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1064074/}}
  • {{Cite book|first=Ke|last=Xu|title=清稗类钞 (Classified Collection of Qing Notes)|publisher=Zhonghua Book Company|year=1986|isbn=9787101010732|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1329742/}}
  • {{Cite book|first=Tonggui|last=Yang|title=沈故 (Old Story of Shenyang)|publisher=Liaohai Book Company|year=1933|url=http://www.gujibook.com/gujide_39874/}}
  • {{Cite book|first=Erxun|last=Zhao|title=清史稿 (Draft History of Qing)|publisher=Zhonghua Book Compary|year=2009|isbn=9787101007503|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1024528/}}
  • {{Cite book|first=Li|last=Zhao|title=满族姓氏寻人辞典 (Dictionary and Origin of Manchu Family Names)|publisher=Liaoning Nationality Publishing House|year=2012|isbn=9787549702862|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/11027161/}}
  • {{Cite book|first1=Yi|last1=Zhao|first2=Yuanzhi|last2=Yao|title=簷曝杂记 竹叶亭杂记 (Yanpu Various Notes & Zhuyeting Various Notes)|publisher=Zhonghua Book Company|year=1997|isbn=9787101017489|url=http://book.douban.com/subject/1060180/}}
  • [http://hlm.literature.org.cn/Article.aspx?ID=45663 "赵氏"撰写《红楼梦》]
  • Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Rimer, J. Thomas and Yamazaki Masakazu trans. (1984). "On the Art of the Nō Drama: The Major Treatises of Zeami." Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Teshima, Ikuro (1973). The Ancient Refugees From Religious Persecution in Japan: The Tribe of Hada – Their Religious and Cultural Influence. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041226162520/http://www.keikyo.com/books/hada/Coming_of_Hadas.html 1].
  • Shinsen Shōjiroku "出自秦始皇帝三世孫孝武王也"
  • McCullough, William H. (1999). "The capital and its society". The Cambridge History of Japan, Volume 2: Heian Japan. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. {{ISBN|0-521-22353-9}}.
  • McCullough, William H. (1999). "The capital and its society". The Cambridge History of Japan, Volume 2: Heian Japan. Cambridge University Press. p. 97–98. {{ISBN|0-521-22353-9}}.
  • Ben Ami-Shillony, The Jews and the Japanese: The Successful Outsiders, pp. 135–7 (Rutland, VT: Tuttle, 1991)

External links

  • [http://english.people.com.cn/200506/03/eng20050603_188345.html Chinese Zhao surname history]

{{100 Most Common Family Names in Mainland China}}

{{surname|Zhao}}

Category:Chinese-language surnames

Category:Individual Chinese surnames