Zhongguancun

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Chen Chunxian envisioned Zhongguancun, which then became a well-known technology hub 30 years later. Chunxian, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), conceived of a Silicon Valley in China following a government-sponsored trip to Boston and Silicon Valley, United States.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGCGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|title=Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China|isbn=9780810878556|last1=Sullivan|first1=Lawrence R.|last2=Liu-Sullivan|first2=Nancy Y.|date=19 March 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}

Zhongguancun became known as "Electronics Avenue" ({{zh|s=电子一条街|t=電子一條街|p=Diànzǐ Yītiáojiē}}) in the early 1980s, due to its information technology markets along a central, crowded street."Shengwu, Chen. "[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA372621.pdf Bright Prospects for Civilian-Run Scientific and Technological Undertakings]." Red Flag. No.4, Pp.27-29. 16 February 1988 {{ISSN|0441-4381}} (Translated to English via "JPRS Report—China")

Zhongguancun was recognized by the central government of China in 1988, and officially named "Beijing High-Technology Industry Development Experimental Zone". In 1999, Zhongguancun became the "Zhongguancun Science & Technology Zone" with seven parks: Haidian, Fengtai, Changping, Electronics City (in Chaoyang), Yizhuang, Desheng, and Jianxiang. The original Zhongguancun became known as the Haidian Park of the Zhongguancun Zone.{{cite web |url=https://media.touristtube.com/best-travel-images/Beijing-city--markets--streets-and-lifestyl?id=Rj1XA6xQ |title=Beijing City Markets Streets Rj1xa6xq Tourist Tube |website=media.touristtube.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709174627/https://media.touristtube.com/best-travel-images/Beijing-city--markets--streets-and-lifestyl?id=Rj1XA6xQ |archive-date=2020-07-09}}

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Zhongguancun has an association with China's two most prestigious universities, Peking University and Tsinghua University, along with Beijing Normal University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, all of which are in close proximity.{{Cite web |date=2020-09-25 |title=Beijing, the seat of science capital |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/news/beijing-china-seat-of-science-research-capital |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Nature Index |language=en}}

Secondary schools in Zhongguancun include Affiliated High School of Peking University and High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China.

The Zhongguancun Administrative Committee oversees the city.{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinalawandpractice.com/Article/1694377/Search/Beijing-Municipality-Administration-Committee-of-Zhongguancun.html?Keywords=import&OrderType=1&PageMove=52 |title=Beijing Municipality, Administration Committee of Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park, Reiteration of the Relevant Preferential Policies Available in the Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park Circular / 北京市中关村科技园区管理委员会关于重申中关村科技园区有关优惠政策的通知 - China Law & Practice |access-date=2020-05-15 |archive-date=2012-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225062545/http://www.chinalawandpractice.com/Article/1694377/Search/Beijing-Municipality-Administration-Committee-of-Zhongguancun.html?Keywords=import&OrderType=1&PageMove=52 |url-status=dead }}

The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.[http://www.safea.gov.cn/ Home]. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on July 12, 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "

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Hailong Market, Guigu Market, Taipingyang Market, Dinghao Market and Kemao Market are prominent IT and electronics technology bazaars, noted for "shops with a shop", where bargaining is the norm.{{cite web |title=Zhongguancun, China's Silicon Valley |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/51023.htm}} According to the 2004 Beijing Statistical Yearbook, there were over 12,000 high-tech enterprises operating in Zhongguancun's seven parks, with 489,000 technicians employed.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

The most notable companies that grew up in Zhongguancun are Stone Group, Founder Group, Glodon and Lenovo Group, each founded from 1984 to 1985. Stone was the first successful technology company to be operated by private individuals outside of the government of China. Founder is a technology company that spun off Peking University. Lenovo Group spun off from Chinese Academy of Sciences with Liu Chuanzhi, a hero of Zhongguancun and current chairman, eventually taking the helm. Lenovo purchased IBM's PC division for $1.75 billion in 2005, making it the world's third-largest PC maker. Both Founder and Lenovo Group maintain strong connections to their academic backers, who are significant shareholders.

Many world-renowned technology companies built their Chinese headquarters and research centers in Zhongguancun Technology Park, such as Google, Intel, AMD, Oracle Corporation, Motorola, Cogobuy Group,{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/beijing/2015-10/20/content_22232458.htm|title=IngDan opens Beijing smart product experience center|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=2019-02-01}} IBM,{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/12/27/geeks-guide-china-silicon-valley/|title=A Geek's Guide to China's Silicon Valley|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-01}} MySpace, Sony, Solstice, Glodon Software and Ericsson. Microsoft has built its Chinese research headquarters in the park that costs $280 million and can accommodate 5000 employees, which was completed in April 2011, and now houses Microsoft Research Asia.{{cite web |url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/labs/asia/ |title= Microsoft Research Asia}}

The development center of Loongson, which is China's first general-purpose microprocessor design, is also in the Zhongguancun area.[http://www.ict.ac.cn/english/contact/channel/2455.shtml Institute Of Computing Technology Chinese Academy Of Sciences] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919125039/http://www.ict.ac.cn/english/contact/channel/2455.shtml |date=September 19, 2009 }}

Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.{{cite web|url=https://www.ebchinaintl.com/en/global/contact.php|title=Contact Us|publisher=Everbright International|access-date=2019-03-04|quote=Flat 1603, Block B, Beijing International Building, No. 18, Nanda Street Jia, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC}} - [https://www.ebchinaintl.com/tc/global/contact.php Traditional Chinese address]: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - [https://www.ebchinaintl.com/sc/global/contact.php Simplified Chinese address]: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"

Many conferences are held in this location, including the annual ChinICT conference - which is the largest Information technology Development and Entrepreneurship event in China.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

A frequent tourist destination is the Haidian Christian Church, designed by Hamburg-based architects Gerkan, Marg and Partners.[http://www.arch-times.com/2010/05/22/zhongguancun-christian-church-gmp-architekten/ Zhongguancun Christian Church]

File:Central Beijing2.jpg|Near to Tuspark

File:Central Beijing4.jpg|Offices of Microsoft, Sohu

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Beijing Subway Line 4 runs through the Zhongguancun area with stops at Zhongguancun Station and Haidianhuangzhuang Station. Haidianhuangzhuang is also a transfer station with Line 10. In addition, Zhongguancun is served by many of Beijing's buses.

• List of technology centers around the world
• China Beijing Equity Exchange
• Zhongguancun Administrative Committee
• Zhongguancun Subdistrict

• {{cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Sisi |title=Physical Planning Strategies of National High-Technology Industrial Development Zones in China |journal=Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations |date=16 May 2011 |pages=61–99 |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1476&context=edissertations/ |access-date=27 February 2021 |format=PhD thesis}}
• {{cite web |title=中关村国家自主创新示范区_中关村科技园区管理委员会_示范区介绍 |url=http://zgcgw.beijing.gov.cn/zgc/zwgk/sfqgk/sfqjs/index.html |website=zgcgw.beijing.gov.cn |access-date=27 February 2021}}
• {{Cite book|title=The Inside Story of China's High-Tech Industry: Making Silicon Valley in Beijing|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-5579-2 |last=Zhou |first=Yu}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|Zhongguancun}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20081013194200/http://japanfocus.org/products/details/2661 Article with photos of Zhongguancun's development since the 1980s]
• [http://www.china.org.cn/english/NM-e/103601.htm Obituary for Chen Chunxian]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051124190010/http://www.zgc.gov.cn/english/pages/approachingpages/9.htm Zhongguancun Management Committee]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051024000414/http://www.zgc.gov.cn/english/pages/approachingpages/1.htm Zhongguancun Parks]
• [http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/51023.htm Travel Introduction to Zhongguancun]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140904233505/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7915125/ Michael Rogers MSNBC Article on Zhongguancun]
• [http://www.hilon.com.cn/ Hilon Market Building (in Chinese) ]

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Category:Economy of Beijing

Category:Geography of Haidian District

Category:Science parks in China

Category:Information technology places

Category:Neighbourhoods of Beijing

Category:Township-level divisions of Beijing