Zhu Qianzhi
{{Short description|Chinese intellectual, translator, and historian}}
{{family name hatnote|Zhu (朱)|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox person
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| name = Zhu Qianzhi
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| native_name = 朱謙之
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| image = 朱谦之.jpg
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|11|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = Fuzhou, China
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1972|||1889|11|17|df=y}}
| death_place = Guangzhou, China
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| education = University of Beijing
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| known_for = Crowd psychology
| notable_works = Philosophy of Revolution
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| movement = Anarchism in China
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Zhu Qianzhi ({{zh|t=朱謙之|s=朱谦之|p=Zhū Qiānzhī|w=Chu Ch'ien-chih}}, 1899–1972) was a Chinese anarchist philosopher. An opponent of rationalism, Zhu wrote about the importance of emotionality and spontaneity during revolutionary action by the masses.
Biography
Zhu Qianzhi was born in Fuzhou in 1899, the son of a physician.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|pp=3, 13}} After coming of age, he enrolled at the University of Beijing and went on to study philosophy. He worked for an anarchist student newspaper and posted one of the first big-character posters, calling for students to boycott exams and for the university to stop issuing degrees. During the May Fourth Movement, Zhu turned himself into the police after a friend of his was caught carrying one of his anarchist pamphlets.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|p=13}} During his three months in prison, he developed his revolutionary ideas into the book Philosophy of Revolution (1921). The book critiqued the philosophical schools of rationalism and utilitarianism, which were gaining popularity in the Republic of China at the time, and focused on crowd psychology. Despite attempts to suppress the book, it received numerous print runs. Wu Zhihui came to regard Zhu as one of the leading representatives of the new generation of Chinese philosophy.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|pp=13-14}}
After publishing his book, Zhu moved to Hangzhou and lived a secluded life for a number of years. He went to study in Japan in the late 1920s, then moved to Guangzhou in 1932 and took a position at Sun Yat-sen University.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|p=38}} By the late 1930s, Zhu had become a supporter of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government and quoted Chiang's invocation of action rather than searching for knowledge.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|pp=38-39}} He saw Chiang's campaign of mass mobilization in terms of unity between the crowd and a mobilizer.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|p=39}}
Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the new government forced Zhu to write numerous self-criticisms of his anti-rationalist and anti-Marxist philosophy. During the Cultural Revolution, Zhu attempted to distance himself from his anarchist past and retroactively claim himself as a forerunner of communist revolutionary theories on the role of the masses.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|pp=39-40}} His ideas on emotionality and spontaneity as driving forces in revolution were later echoed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party during subsequent mass mobilizations.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|pp=40-41}} Zhu himself died in 1972.{{Sfn|Xiao|2012|p=3}}
References
{{reflist|2}}
Bibliography
{{Refbegin|2}}
- {{cite journal|last=Huang|first=You-Dong|year=2007|title=Zhu QianZhi and "Southern Culture Sport"|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/HUAZQA|journal=Modern Philosophy|volume=3|pages=69–74|issn=1000-7660}}
- {{cite book|last=Qianwei|first=He|year=2022|chapter=Form and Music in Modern Chinese Poetry|editor-first=Rachael|editor-last=Durkin|title=The Routledge Companion to Music and Modern Literature|pages=263–271 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780367237288|doi=10.4324/9780367237288-25}}
- {{cite journal|last=Xiao|first=Tie|year=2012|title=The Lure of the Irrational: Zhu Qianzhi's Vision of 'Qunzhong' in the 'Era of Crowds.'|journal=Modern Chinese Literature and Culture|volume=24|issue=2|pages=1–51|jstor=42940558}}
{{refend}}
External links
- Xu, Kangsheng, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095540/http://203.72.198.245/web/Content.asp?ID=58190&Query=1 "Zhu Qianzhi"]. Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.
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Category:20th-century Chinese philosophers
Category:Peking University alumni
Category:Academic staff of Peking University
Category:National Sun Yat-sen University alumni
Category:Historians from Fujian
Category:Educators from Fujian
Category:Chinese Buddhist monks
Category:Academic staff of Sun Yat-sen University
Category:Philosophers from Fujian
Category:Academic staff of Jinan University
Category:20th-century Chinese translators