Zimapán Dam
{{Infobox dam
| name = Zimapán Dam
| name_official = Presa Zimapán
| image = Fernando Hiriart Balderrama Dam, Zimapán, Hidalgo, México. (1).jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = Reservoir of the Zimapán Dam
| image_alt =
| location_map = Mexico
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|20|39|48|N|99|30|03|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = Mexico
| location =
| status = O
| construction_began = 1990
| opening = 1993
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner = Federal Electricity Commission
| dam_type =
| dam_height = {{Convert|203|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_height_thalweg =
| dam_height_foundation=
| dam_length = {{Convert|122|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_crest = {{Convert|5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base = {{Convert|22|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_volume =
| dam_elevation_crest =
| dam_crosses = Moctezuma River
| spillway_count =
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total =
| res_capacity_active =
| res_capacity_inactive= {{Convert|1390000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on|lk=out}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{Convert|22.9|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
| res_elevation =
| res_max_depth =
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_name = Zimapán Power Station
| plant_coordinates = {{coord|20|50|51|N|99|27|31|W|type:landmark}}
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission = 1995
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type =
| plant_turbines = 2 x 146 MW Pelton turbines
| plant_capacity = 292 MW
| plant_annual_gen = 1,064 GWh
| website =
| extra =
}}
The Zimapán Dam, also known as Fernando Hiriart Balderrama Dam, is an arch dam on the Moctezuma River about {{Convert|15|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} southwest of Zimapán in Hidalgo state, Mexico. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it services a 292 MW power station with water.
Background
The dam was funded in part by a $460 million World Bank loan which was approved on 8 June 1989 and covered the Mexico Hydroelectric Development Project which included the Aguamilpa Dam as well. Mexico raised $250 million in foreign capital as well.{{cite web|title=Implementation Completion Report Hydroelectric Development Project in Mexico|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1997/06/27/000009265_3971023103928/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt|publisher=World Bank|access-date=21 June 2011|date=27 June 1997|quote=The US$460 million Bank loan financed four project components: the Aguamilpa and Zimapan hydroelectric plants}}
Construction on the dam began in 1990 and was complete in 1993. Beginning in 1994, the reservoir filled and the power station was operational by 1995. Approximately 3,000 people were displaced and resettled by the construction of both dams in the Mexico Hydroelectric Development Project.{{cite web|last=Guggenheim|first=Scott|title=Mexico Hydroelectric Project|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINVRES/Resources/MexicoCasePartSourcebookSB0209.pdf|work=The World Bank Participation Sourcebook|access-date=21 June 2011|pages=68}}
Design
The dam is a {{Convert|203|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall and {{Convert|122|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long arch-type located in a narrow portion of the Moctezuma Canyon. The crest of the dam is {{Convert|5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} wide while the base has a width of {{Convert|22|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The reservoir created by the dam has a capacity of {{Convert|1390000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on|lk=out}} and surface area of {{Convert|22.9|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. The reservoir is formed by the Tula and San Juan rivers which join in the reservoir to form the Moctezuma River later downstream of the dam. Water from the reservoir is diverted through a {{Convert|21|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} tunnel, bypassing {{Convert|42|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of the river downstream, before reaching the power station. Water at the power station powers two Pelton turbine-generators before being discharged back into the Moctezuma River. When both turbines are operating, the power station discharges a maximum of {{Convert|59|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}. It operates as a peak power plant, operating 4 to 12 hours a day depending on energy demands.{{cite web|author1=O. Calahorra |author2=L. Vázquez |author3=H. Rodriguez |author4=E. Hernández |author5=G. Benitez|title=Identification of the environmental impacts caused by the expansion of Zimapan power plant|work=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environmental in the 21st century |url=https://inecol.academia.edu/ChristianAlejandroDelfinAlfonso/Papers/306152/Identification_of_the_environmental_impacts_caused_by_the_expansion_of_Zimapan_power_plant|publisher=Federal Electricity Commission|access-date=20 June 2011}}{{cite web|title=Environmental Flows for a Regulated River under a New Hydro Scheme|url=http://www.instreamflowcouncil.org/flow2008/Posters/Calahorra.pdf|publisher=Federal Electricity Commission|access-date=20 June 2011}}
See also
{{stack|{{Portal|Mexico|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{commons category|Zimapán Dam}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zimapan Dam}}
Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Mexico