Zokwang Trading

Zokwang Trading was founded in 1974 in Macau, then under Portuguese administration, soon after Portugal recognised North Korea, following the Carnation Revolution, in which a left-wing government came to power.[https://books.google.com/books?id=JPkMAQAAMAAJ&q=Zokwang+Trading Great Leader, Dear Leader: Demystifying North Korea Under the Kim Clan], Bertil Lintner, Silkworm Books, 2005, page 142 It functioned as North Korea's de facto consulate in Macau, issuing documents and visas.[http://www.scmp.com/article/516764/north-korean-company-no-stranger-controversy North Korean company is no stranger to controversy], South China Morning Post, 18 September 2005

In a 2006 intelligence report, Zokwang was described as a local unit of a North Korean company called Daesung Chongguk, officially involved in the machinery and textiles trade and allegedly coordinating opium trafficking, which was using Macau "as a base to move counterfeit dollars and to try to procure components for its weapons systems".[http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/2093189/how-macau-became-north-koreas-window-world-and-its-nexus How Macau became North Korea's window to the world... and its nexus for weapons and drugs trafficking], South China Morning Post, 18 September 2005

North Korean government officials and other sources state that the company engages in legitimate business transactions, purchasing cigarettes, food, liquor, televisions, and luxury goods for shipment to Pyongyang, but police long had suspicions about Zokwang's activities.[http://archives.cnn.com/1999/ASIANOW/east/macau/stories/macau.north.korea/index.html Will China end North Korea's illegal activities in Macau?], Mike Chinoy, CNN, December 18, 1999 One of its officers, An Gun-ho, was identified as a senior counterintelligence officer of North Korea's Ministry of Political Security.[https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrrAAAAIAAJ&q=Zokwang+Trading Terrorism, the North Korean connection], Joseph S. Bermudez, Crane Russak, 1990, page 157

North Korea was also alleged to have used Macau as a base for planning the 1983 Rangoon bombing, an assassination attempt on South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan, in which 21 people were killed, but the vice-president of Zokwang Trading, Kim Chol Jun, denied allegations of espionage.[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/16/world/macao-called-new-center-of-north-korean-spying.html Macao Called New Center of North Korean Spying], The New York Times, August 16, 1987

Kim Hyon-hui, one of the agents who carried out the bombing of 1987 Korean Air Flight 858, claimed to have spent several months training at Zokwang Trading's office while living in Macau.[http://www.scmp.com/article/325411/north-koreas-macau-based-trading-venture-opens-its-doors-deny-reports-espionage-and North Korea's Macau-based trading venture opens its doors to deny reports of espionage and shady deals], South China Morning Post, 3 September 2000 In her autobiography, The Tears of My Soul, she wrote that, while living there, she learned Cantonese so that she and other North Korean agents could pose as local Chinese residents.[https://books.google.com/books?id=yNnZAAAAIAAJ&q=%22practice+our+Cantonese%22 The Tears of My Soul], Kim Hyon Hui, William Morrow and Co., 1993, page 69

In 1994, the United States government also made accusations that Zokwang Trading were engaged in arms sales and other illegal technology transfer.[http://www.asiapacificms.com/articles/northkorea/ North Korea: Coming in from the Cold], Bertil Lintner, Suh-kyung Yoon, Far Eastern Economic Review, October 25, 2001 Later that year, five employees of the company were arrested after trying to pass US$250 000 in counterfeit notes.[https://books.google.com/books?id=mdyJS5iD9wYC&dq=Zokwang&pg=PA157 North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula: A Modern History], Paul French,

Zed Books, 2007, page 157

Before they were arrested, they had deposited US$100 000 in counterfeit notes, and had attempted to deposit a further US$150 000 before US banks in Hong Kong raised the alarm, but as they had diplomatic passports, they were later released.[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105813345248381600 In North Korea, Secret Hoard Of Cash Props Up a Regime], The Wall Street Journal, July 14, 2003

Zokwang Trading held accounts with two Macau banks Banco Delta Asia and Seng Heng.[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB112612365849834354 U.S. Probes Banks' North Korea Ties], The Wall Street Journal, September 8, 2005 In 2005, these were frozen at the request of US financial regulators.[http://www.macaubusiness.com/news/economy-finance/special-report-korea-meltdown.html SPECIAL REPORT: Korea Meltdown] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406192248/http://www.macaubusiness.com/news/economy-finance/special-report-korea-meltdown.html |date=April 6, 2016 }}, Macau Business, August 1, 2006 The funds were released in 2007.[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117627790709466173 How U.S. Used a Bank To Punish North Korea], The Wall Street Journal, April 12, 2007

During 2006, Zokwang moved across the border to Zhuhai.[https://web.archive.org/web/20060527185935/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HE26Dg02.html North Korea's creepy-crawly capitalism], Bertil Lintner, Asia Times, May 26, 2006

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{{portal|North Korea}}

• {{citation|title=Shield of the Great Leader: The armed forces of North Korea|last=Bermudez|first=Joseph S. Jr.|year=2001|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=978-1-86064-500-6}}

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Category:Financial services companies established in 1974

Category:Companies of Macau

Category:Trading companies of China

Category:Government-owned companies of North Korea

Category:Zhuhai

Category:1974 establishments in Macau

Category:Companies based in Zhuhai

Category:Chinese companies established in 1974