administrative divisions of Japan

{{Main|Prefectures of Japan}}

File:Regions and Prefectures of Japan 2.svg

The top tier of administrative divisions are the 47 prefectural entities: 43 {{nihongo |prefectures |県 |ken}} proper, two {{nihongo |urban prefectures |府 |fu |extra=Osaka and Kyōto}}, one {{nihongo |"circuit" |道 |dō |extra=Hokkaidō}}, and one {{nihongo |"metropolis" |都 |to |extra=Tokyo Metropolis}}. Although different in name, they are functionally the same.

{{nihongo |"Prefecture" |県 |ken}} are the most common types of prefectural divisions total of 43 ken. The kanji (character) from which this is derived means "county".

Tokyo Metropolis is referred to as a {{nihongo |"metropolis" |都 |to}} after the dissolution of Tokyo City in 1943, Tōkyō-fu (Tokyo Prefecture) was upgraded into Tōkyō-to and the former Tokyo City's wards were upgraded into special wards. The kanji (character) from which this is derived means "capital".

{{further|Fu (administrative division)}}

Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture are referred to as an {{nihongo |"urban prefecture" |府 |fu}}. The Chinese character from which this is derived implies a core urban zone of national importance in the middle period of China, or implies a subdivision of a province in the late period of China.

{{further|Circuit (administrative division)}}

Hokkaido is referred to as a {{nihongo |"circuit" |道 |dō}}, this term was originally used to refer to Japanese regions consisting of several provinces. This was also a historical usage of the character in China meaning circuit.

There are only two types of subprefectural divisions: subprefecture and district.

{{main|Subprefectures of Japan}}

{{nihongo|Subprefectures|支庁|shichō}} are a Japanese form of self-government which focuses on local issues below the prefectural level. It acts as part of the greater administration of the state and as part of a self-government system.Imperial Japanese Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. (1903). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tYguAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA80 Japan in the beginning of the 20th century, p. 80].

{{main|Districts of Japan}}

{{nihongo|Districts|郡|gun}} were administrative units in use between 1878 and 1921 that were roughly equivalent to the counties of China or the United States. In the 1920s, municipal functions were transferred from district offices to the offices of the towns and villages within the district. District names remain in the postal address of towns and villages, and districts are sometimes used as boundaries for electoral districts, but otherwise serve no official function. The Classical Chinese character from which this is derived means commandery.

{{main|Municipalities of Japan}}

File:Japan Municipality Map.png

The municipal divisions are divided into three main categories: city, town, and village. However, the city entities are further categorized. The Special wards of Tokyo are also considered to be municipal divisions.

Cities in Japan are categorized into four different types, from the highest the designated city, the core city, the special city, and the regular city at the lowest.

{{main|Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan}}

A {{Nihongo|city designated by government ordinance|政令指定都市|seirei shitei toshi}}, also known as a {{Nihongo|designated city|指定都市|shitei toshi}} or {{Nihongo|government ordinance city|政令市|seirei shi}}, is a Japanese city that has a population greater than 500,000 and has been designated as such by an order of the cabinet of Japan under Article 252, Section 19 of the Local Autonomy Law. Designated cities are also subdivided into wards.

{{main|Core cities of Japan}}

A {{Nihongo|core city|中核市|Chūkakushi}} is a Japanese city that has a population greater than 300,000 and an area greater than 100 square kilometers, although special exceptions may be made by order of the cabinet for cities with populations under 300,000 but over 200,000.{{cite web|url=http://nippon.zaidan.info/seikabutsu/1999/00168/contents/145.htm|title=日本財団図書館（電子図書館）Revised Local Autonomy Law|website=nippon.zaidan.info}} This category was created by the first clause of Article 252, Section 22 of the Local Autonomy Law of Japan.

{{main|Special cities of Japan}}

A {{nihongo|special city|特例市|Tokureishi}} of Japan is a city with a population of at least 200,000. This category was established by the Local Autonomy Law, article 252 clause 26.

{{main|Cities of Japan}}

A {{Nihongo|city|市|shi}} is a local administrative unit in Japan with a population of at least 50,000 of which at least 60% of households must be established in a central urban area, and at least 60% of households must be employed in commerce, industry or other urban occupations. Cities are ranked on the same level as {{nihongo|towns|町|machi}} and {{nihongo|villages|村|mura}}; the only difference is that they are not a component of {{nihongo|districts|郡|gun}}. Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.

{{main|List of towns in Japan}}

A {{Nihongo|town|町|chō or machi}} is a local administrative unit in Japan. It is a local public body along with prefecture (ken or other equivalents), city (shi), and village (mura). Geographically, a town is contained within a prefecture.

{{main|List of villages in Japan}}

A {{Nihongo|village|村|mura|sometimes son}} is a local administrative unit in Japan. It is a local public body along with {{Nihongo|prefecture|県|ken|or other equivalents}}, {{Nihongo|city|市|shi}}, and {{Nihongo|town|町|chō|sometimes machi}}. Geographically, a village's extent is contained within a prefecture. It is larger than an actual settlement, being in actuality a subdivision of a rural {{Nihongo|district|郡|gun}}, which are subdivided into towns and villages with no overlap and no uncovered area.

{{main|Special wards of Tokyo}}

The {{Nihongo|special wards|特別区|tokubetsu-ku}} are 23 municipalities that together make up the core and the most populous part of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Together, they occupy the land that was originally the Tokyo City before it was abolished in 1943 to become part of the newly created Tokyo Metropolis. The special wards' structure was established under the Japanese Local Autonomy Act and is unique to Tokyo Metropolis.

{{main|Wards of Japan}}

A {{Nihongo|ward|区|ku}} is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/pdf/c17cont.pdf "Statistical Handbook of Japan 2008" by Statistics Bureau, Japan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207032702/http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/pdf/c17cont.pdf |date=7 February 2013 }} Chapter 17: Government System (Retrieved on 4 July 2009)

Although the details of local administration have changed dramatically over time, the basic outline of the current two-tiered system since the abolition of the han system by the Meiji government in 1871 are similar. Before the abolition of the han system, Japan was divided into {{nihongo|provinces|国|kuni}} then subdivided into {{nihongo|districts|郡|gun}} and then {{nihongo|villages|里/郷|sato}} at the bottom.

• Decentralisation in Japan

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{{Asia topic|Administrative divisions of}}

Japan

Category:Lists of subdivisions of Japan