adventure playground

Harry Shier, in Adventure Playgrounds: An Introduction (1984), defines an adventure playground this way:

{{Blockquote|An Adventure Playground is an area fenced off and set aside for children. Within its boundaries children can play freely, in their own way, in their own time. But what is special about an Adventure Playground is that here (and increasingly in contemporary urban society, only here) children can build and shape the environment according to their own creative vision.{{cite book |last= Shier|first= Harry|date= 1984|title= Adventure Playgrounds: an introduction |url= http://www.londonplay.org.uk/resources/0000/1190/1984_Intro_to_APs_Harry_Shier.pdf |location= London, UK|publisher= National Playing Fields Association}}}}

The first planned playground of this type, the Emdrup Junk Playground, opened in Emdrup, Denmark, in 1943. In 1948, an adventure playground opened in Camberwell, England. The term "junk playground" is a calque from the Danish term skrammellegeplads. Early examples of adventure playgrounds in the UK were known as "junk playgrounds", "waste material playgrounds", or "bomb-site adventure playgrounds".{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= Penny|date= 2010 |title= The Playwork Primer|url= http://www.allianceforchildhood.org/sites/allianceforchildhood.org/files/file/PlayworkPrimer_2010.pdf|publisher= Alliance for Childhood }}{{cite thesis |last= Wilson|first= Reilly Bergin|date= 2014|title= Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961)|type= M.A.|publisher= University of Leeds |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sk_psgEACAAJ}} The term "adventure playground" was first adopted in the United Kingdom to describe waste material playgrounds "in an effort to make the ‘junk’ playground concept more palatable to local authorities".{{cite thesis |last= Wilson|first= Reilly Bergin|date= 2014|title= Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961)|type= M.A.|publisher= University of Leeds |page = 21|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sk_psgEACAAJ}}

The architect Simon Nicholson numbered among the advantages of the adventure playground, "the relationship between experiment and play, community involvement, the catalytic value of play leaders, and indeed the whole concept of a free society in miniature.'"{{cite web |last1=Robertson |first1=Juliet |title=Simon Nicholson and The Theory of Loose Parts – 1 Million Thanks — Creative STAR Learning {{!}} I'm a teacher, get me OUTSIDE here! |url=https://creativestarlearning.co.uk/early-years-outdoors/simon-nicholson-and-the-theory-of-loose-parts-1-million-thanks/ |website=creativestarlearning.co.uk |access-date=29 November 2018|date=8 December 2017 }} Essential in this for Nicholson was the concept of 'loose parts': "In any environment, both the degree of inventiveness and creativity, and the possibility of discovery, are directly proportional to the number and kind of variables in it."{{cite journal |last1=Nicholson |first1=Simon |title=How Not To Treat Children: The Theory of Loose Parts |journal=Landscape Architecture |date=October 1971 |volume=62 |pages=30–34 }}{{cite book |editor1-last=Weinstein |editor1-first=C. S. |editor2-last=David |editor2-first=T. G. |title=Spaces for children : the built environment and child development |publisher=Plenum Press |isbn=978-1-4684-5227-3 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJHkBwAAQBAJ&q=simon%20nicholson%20loose%20parts%20%22In%20any%20environment%2C%20both%20the%20degree%20of%20inventiveness%20and%20creativity%2C%20and%20the%20possibility%20of%20discovery%2C%20are%20directly%20proportional%20to%20the%20number%20and%20kind%20of%20variables%20in%20it%E2%80%9D&pg=PA205 |access-date=29 November 2018|date=11 November 2013 }} In a playground context loose parts would include:{{cite book |last1=Play Wales |title=Resources for playing : providing loose parts to support children's play : A Toolkit |date=July 2017 |publisher=Play Wales |isbn=978-0-9932410-4-8 |page=6 |url=http://www.playwales.org.uk/login/uploaded/documents/Publications/loose%20parts%20toolkit.pdf |access-date=29 November 2018}}

• natural resources – such as straw, mud and pine cones
• building materials and tools – planks, nails, hammers
• scrap materials – old tyres, off-cuts of guttering
• bark which can be both safe playground surfacing and a loose part
• and, most essentially, random found objects.

The first junk playgrounds were based on the ideas of Carl Theodor Sørensen, a Danish landscape architect, who noticed that children preferred to play everywhere but in the playgrounds that he designed. In 1931, inspired by the sight of children playing in a construction site, he imagined "A junk playground in which children could create and shape, dream and imagine a reality". His aim was to provide children living in cities the same opportunities for play that were enjoyed by children living in rural areas.{{cite web |url= http://adventureplaygrounds.hampshire.edu/history.html|title= History of Adventure Playgrounds |last= Sutton |first= Lia |date= 2011 |website= adventureplaygrounds.hampshire.edu/}} The first adventure playground was set up by a Workers Cooperative Housing Association in Emdrup, Denmark, during the German occupation of the 1940s. The playground at Emdrup grew out of the spirit of resistance to Nazi occupation and parents' fears that "their children's play might be mistaken for acts of sabotage by soldiers".{{cite web |url= http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36947-when-play-is-criminalized-racial-disparities-in-childhood|title= When Play Is Criminalized: Racial Disparities in Childhood|last= Eisa |first= Nefertari Ulen|date= July 25, 2016 |website= truth-out.org|publisher= Truth Out |access-date= January 22, 2017}} Play advocates sometimes emphasize the importance of adventure playgrounds for children of color in the United States, where policing "can feel like a kind of occupation".

{{Quote frame |quote=Mischievousness and sneaking around were criminalized in Nazi occupied Copenhagen, Adventure Playgrounds were born as a response.|author= Play:groundNYC |source=#playwork {{cite book |last= Play:groundNYC|date= May 5, 2017|title= #playwork |url= https://twitter.com/play_groundnyc?lang=en |location= New York, New York|publisher= @play_groundnyc}}}}

Marjory Allen, an English landscape architect and child welfare advocate, visited and subsequently wrote a widely-read article about the Emdrup Adventure playground titled Why Not Use Our Bomb Sites Like This? and published in the Picture Post in 1946.{{cite journal |last= Highmore|first= Ben |date= 2013 |title= Playgrounds and Bombsites: Postwar Britain's Ruined Landscapes|journal= Cultural Politics |volume= 9|issue= 3|pages= 323–336|doi= 10.1215/17432197-2347009 }} Marjory Allen's article is often credited with the introduction into the UK of "the idea of transforming bomb sites into 'junk playgrounds', but historians of the Adventure playground movement have pointed to the role played by other experiments carried out by youth workers in the UK. For example, "Marie Paneth, an art therapist heavily influenced by Freud, independently developed the concept of permissive play as a tool for ameliorating childhood aggression in her work running a blitz-era play centre in London although not specifically incorporating the elements of a Junk/Adventure playground pointing to her role in the history of UK specific Playwork development."{{cite thesis |last= Wilson|first= Reilly Bergin|date= 2014|title= Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961)|type= M.A.|publisher= University of Leeds |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sk_psgEACAAJ}}{{cite web |url= http://www.infed.org/youthwork/bm-pan.htm |title= Featured book: Marie Paneth (1944) Branch Street. A sociological study, London: George Allen and Unwin|last= Smith|first= Mark K. |date= 1996|website= www.infed.org|access-date= January 23, 2017}}

To date, there are approximately 1,000 adventure playgrounds in Europe, most of them in England, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Japan also has a significant number of adventure playgrounds.{{Cite web |url=http://www.playgroundprofessionals.com/encyclopedia/a/adventure-playgrounds |title=The Play and Playground Encyclopedia |access-date=2015-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717162440/http://www.playgroundprofessionals.com/encyclopedia/a/adventure-playgrounds |archive-date=2015-07-17 |url-status=dead }}

;Canada

• TELUS Spark, in Calgary, Alberta has a Junkyard Playground open in the summer months.{{cite web |url=https://www.sparkscience.ca/blog/view/79 |title=Junkyard Playground |author= Telus Spark |date=May 23, 2019 |website= sparkscience.ca|access-date= October 12, 2019}}
• The city of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada, piloted a mobile adventure playground in five city parks during the summer of 2016.{{cite news |last= Nerman|first= Danielle|date= September 20, 2016|title= City wraps ups Calgary mobile adventure playground pilot |url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/mobile-adventure-playground-calgary-1.3770475 |newspaper= CBC News|location= Cagdary |access-date= January 18, 2017}}{{cite web |url= http://www.calgary.ca/CSPS/Parks/Pages/Locations/Adventure-Playgrounds.aspx?redirect=/play |title= Mobile Adventure Playground|date= 2016|website= calgary.ca|publisher= The City of Calgary|access-date= January 18, 2017}}
• Toronto Ontario hosted an Adventure Playground from 1974 until the mid-1980s. It was a part of the revitalization of the waterfront called Harbourfront Centre.{{Cite news|url=http://www.blogto.com/city/2017/09/adventure-playground-toronto-history/|title=That time when Toronto had the greatest playground ever|work=blogTO|access-date=2017-09-24|language=en}}
• The City of Coquitlam in British Columbia created an Adventure Playground in the summer of 2018 as a pilot project.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslight.com/coquitlams_adventure_playground_ends_this_weekend_will_it_be_back_next_year/|title=Coquitlam's Adventure Playground ends this weekend, will it be back next year? Here's what we found.|date=2018-08-31|work=Newslight|access-date=2018-10-29|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslight.com/letting-kids-be-kids-a-sneak-peek-at-coquitlams-new-adventure-playground/|title=Letting kids be kids, a sneak peek at Coquitlam's new Adventure Playground|date=2018-06-29|work=Newslight|access-date=2018-10-29|language=en-US}}

;United States

• The Yard (The first adventure playground in the United States)
• Adventure Playground in Berkeley, California
• Huntington Beach Adventure Playground in Huntington Beach, California
• Adventure Playground in Irvine, California[http://www.cityofirvine.org/parks-facilities/adventure-playground Adventure Playground]
• [https://sacadventureplay.wordpress.com/ Sacramento Adventure Playground] in Sacramento, California
• The Hands-on-Nature Anarchy Zone in the [http://ithacachildrensgarden.org/play Ithaca Children's Garden, Ithaca, NY]

• Adventure Playground at The Parish School in Houston, Texas
• Play:groundNYC on Governors Island in New York City
• SCV Adventure Play Foundation in Val Verde, CA.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scvadventureplay.org/|title=scv-adventure-play|website=scv-adventure-play|language=en|access-date=2019-07-04}}

• Heckscher Playground in New York City's Central Park
• Tarr Family Playground, also in Central Park in New York City

;Japan

• The Setagaya Play Park or "Junk Playground" in Hanegi Park in Setagaya ward, Tokyo, Japan.{{cite magazine |last= |date= May 20, 2010|title= Adventures Abound |url= http://www.tokyoweekender.com/2010/05/adventures-abound/|magazine= Tokyo Weekender|location= Tokyo, Japan |publisher= Tokyo Weekender|access-date= January 17, 2017}}{{cite web |url= http://bouken-asobiba.org/modules/play/index.php?content_id=2 |title= 日本の冒険遊び場の歴史 |date= 2003 |website= bouken-asobiba.org |publisher= Japan adventure playground creation association|access-date= January 17, 2017}}The Setagaya Play Park was featured in episode 48 of Arirang's "Going Global" series {{cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxlntHvXWfo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/qxlntHvXWfo |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title= Going Global _ Japan "adventure playground"|website= www.arirang.com |publisher= ARIRANG CULTURE|access-date= January 23, 2017}}{{cbignore}}
• Children’s Dream Park 川崎市子ども夢パーク (or "Yume Park") in Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu Ward, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.{{cite web |url= http://www.yumepark.net/111_beginning/|title= どんなところ？|author= |date= 2008 |publisher= Kawasaki City Children's Dream Park (川崎市子ども夢パーク) |access-date= January 23, 2017}}

Australian Capital Territory:

• POD Playground at the National Arboretum. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.{{Cite web |title=POD Playground at the National Arboretum {{!}} VisitCanberra |url=https://visitcanberra.com.au/attractions/56b23b83266140594567e451/pod-playground-at-the-national-arboretum |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=visitcanberra.com.au}}
• Ridgeline Park Playground.Denman Prospect, Australian Capital Territory.{{Cite web |title=Ridgeline Park in Denman Prospect |url=https://www.denmanprospect.com.au/parks-playgrounds/ridgeline-park-denman-prospect |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Denman Prospect |language=en}}{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-11-07 |title=Canberra’s favourite playgrounds |url=https://www.act.gov.au/our-canberra/latest-news/2024/july/canberras-favourite-playgrounds |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Our Canberra |language=en}}
• Ruth Park Playground. Coombs, Australian Capital Territory.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-24 |title=New inclusive playground open in Coombs |url=https://www.act.gov.au/our-canberra/latest-news/2022/october/new-inclusive-playground-open-in-coombs |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Our Canberra |language=en}}

New South Wales:

• Bungendore Park. Bungendore, New South Wales.{{Cite web |title=Bungendore’s new adventure playground opened |url=https://www.qprc.nsw.gov.au/News-Media/Bungendore%E2%80%99s-new-adventure-playground-opened |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.qprc.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}
• Carberry Park Adventure Playground. Gundagai, New South Wales.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-02-23 |title=Gundagai's Adventure Playground {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/visiting-and-exploring-nsw/locations-and-attractions/gundagais-adventure-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |title=Gundagai's Adventure Playground {{!}} NSW Holidays & Accommodation, Things to Do, Attractions and Events |url=https://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/riverina/gundagai/attractions/gundagais-adventure-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.visitnsw.com |language=en-AU}}
• The Adventure Playground Jubilee Park. Cootamundra, New South Wales.{{Cite web |date=2020-02-06 |title=Adventure playground a hit with kids |url=https://www.cootamundraherald.com.au/story/6618041/adventure-playground-a-hit-with-kids/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Cootamundra Herald |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |title=JUBILEE PARK TAKES SHAPE {{!}} Cootamundra Gundagai Regional Council |url=https://www.cgrc.nsw.gov.au/2023/03/01/jubilee-park-takes-shape/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.cgrc.nsw.gov.au}}

Northern Territory

• Jingili Water Gardens Playground, Darwin, Northern Territory.{{Cite web |title=Jingili Water Gardens |url=https://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/community/community-facilities/jingili-water-gardens |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=City of Darwin {{!}} Darwin Council, Northern Territory |language=en}}
• Adventure Play Park. Katherine, Northern Territory.

Queensland

• Flagstone Adventure Playground and Skate Park. Flagstone, Queensland.{{Cite web |date=2020-09-20 |title=Flagstone Adventure Park - Brisbane Kids |url=https://brisbanekids.com.au/flagstone-adventure-park/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=brisbanekids.com.au |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last= |title=Flagstone Regional Park |url=https://www.logan.qld.gov.au/directory-record/1445/flagstone-regional-park |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Logan City Council |language=en}}
• Hinterland Adventure Playground. Cooroy, Queensland.{{Cite web |date=2022-05-14 |title=Hinterland Adventure Playground at Cooroy - Brisbane Kids |url=https://brisbanekids.com.au/hinterland-adventure-playground-at-cooroy/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=brisbanekids.com.au |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Hinterland Adventure Playground |url=https://www.visitnoosa.com.au/directory/hinterland-adventure-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Visit Noosa |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last= |title=Hinterland Adventure Playground |url=https://www.noosa.qld.gov.au/hinterland-adventure-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Noosa Shire Council |language=en}}
• The Jungle Adventure Play. Tingalpa, Queensland.{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://thejungletribe.com.au |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Jungle Adventure Play |language=en-US}}https://www.mustdobrisbane.com/kids-whats-on-kids-indoors-rock-climbing-play-birthday-parties-indoors-games/jungle-adventure-play
• Hervey Bay Adventure Playground. Pialba, Queensland.{{Cite web |last=Angela |date=2017-12-15 |title=Hervey Bay Adventure Playground Pialba - Wide Bay Kids |url=https://widebaykids.com.au/hervey-bay-adventure-park/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=widebaykids.com.au |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Pialba Adventure Playground |url=https://www.frasercoast.qld.gov.au/directory-record/36270/pialba-adventure-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Fraser Coast Regional Council |language=en}}

South Australia

• Jubilee Park Adventure Playground. Port Noarlunga, South Australia.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-24 |title=Port Noarlunga Jubilee Park Adventure Playground - Port Noarlunga... |url=https://southaustralia.com/products/fleurieu-peninsula/attraction/port-noarlunga-jubilee-park-adventure-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=southaustralia.com |language=en-AU}}
• Monash Adventure Park. Monash, South Australia.https://www.berribarmera.sa.gov.au/council-services/infrastructure-services/points-of-interest/monash-adventure-park{{Cite web |date=2024-07-03 |title=Monash Adventure Park - Monash, Attraction {{!}} South Australia |url=https://southaustralia.com/products/riverland/attraction/monash-adventure-park |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=southaustralia.com |language=en-AU}}
• St Kilda Adventure Playground. St Kilda, South Australia{{Cite web |title=St Kilda Adventure Playground |url=https://www.salisbury.sa.gov.au/activities/community-facilities-and-parks/parks-and-facilities/st-kilda-adventure-playground#history-of-the-st-kilda-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=City of Salisbury |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |title=Jubilee Park Adventure Playground |url=https://www.onkaparingacity.com/Community-facilities-support/Venues-facilities/Parks/Jubilee-Park-Adventure-Playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.onkaparingacity.com |language=en-AU}}

Tasmania

• Kingston Park Playground. Hobart, Tasmania.{{Cite web |title=Kingston Park Playground {{!}} |url=https://www.kingborough.tas.gov.au/recreation-facilities/kingston-park-playground-lp/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.kingborough.tas.gov.au}}

Riverbend Park. Launceston, Tasmania.{{Cite web |title=Riverbend Park |url=https://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/Parks-Gardens-Active-Recreation/Parks-and-Gardens/Riverbend-Park |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.launceston.tas.gov.au |language=en-AU}}

Victoria

• Hays Paddock playground, Kew East, Victoria.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-08-09 |title=Hays Paddock playground, Kew East |url=https://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/explore-boroondara/parks-and-reserves/playgrounds-boroondara/hays-paddock-playground-kew-east |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=City of Boroondara |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |title=Hays Paddock Playground |url=https://yoursay.boroondara.vic.gov.au/hays-paddock-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Your Say Boroondara |language=en}}
• KidsTown Adventure Playground. Shepparton, Victoria.https://kidstown.org.au
• Lake Pertobe Adventure Playground. Warrnambool, Victoria.{{Cite web |title=Lake Pertobe |url=https://www.warrnambool.vic.gov.au/lake-pertobe |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Warrnambool - A City for Living |language=en}}
• The Venny, Kensington Adventure Playground. Kensington, Victoria.{{Cite web |title=Play is the Beginning |url=https://thevenny.org.au |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Venny |language=en-AU}}
• Community Bank® Adventure Playground Hadfield Park. Wallan, Victoria.{{Cite web |title=Hadfield Park |url=https://www.mitchellshire.vic.gov.au/residents/leisure-and-recreation/parks-and-playgrounds/hadfield-park |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Mitchell Shire Council |language=en}}https://jeavons.net.au/project/community-bank-adventure-playground/

Western Australia

• All Ages Playground. Katanning, Western Australia.https://www.katanning.wa.gov.au/development/projects-initiatives/all-ages-playground.aspx
• Manjimup Heritage Park Adventure Playground. Manjimup, Western Australia.{{Cite web |title=Manjimup Heritage Park - Shire of Manjimup |url=https://www.manjimup.wa.gov.au/our-places-and-spaces/manjimup-heritage-park |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.manjimup.wa.gov.au}}{{Cite web |last=Jessica |title=Best Playground In The South West |url=https://manjimupheritagepark.com.au/attraction/adventure-playground/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Manjimup Heritage Park |language=en-AU}}
• Rio Tinto Naturescape. Perth.{{Cite web |last=Longley |first=Griffin |date=2020-06-04 |title=Top Nature Playgrounds |url=https://www.natureplaywa.org.au/top-nature-playgrounds/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Nature Play WA |language=en-AU}}
• Chevron Parkland, Optus Stadium. Perth.

;Denmark

Denmark has several adventure playgrounds, now known as Byggelegeplads (Building-playground) and formerly as Skrammellegeplads (Junk-playground).{{cite web|url=http://www.ynkb.dk/pdf/tema6a4.pdf|title=Adventure Playgrounds Copenhagen 2003 |publisher=YNKB|date=2003|access-date=22 February 2016}} From the first site in Emdrup, the idea spread across the country and at the height of the popularity in the 1960s, there were about 100 adventure playgrounds in the country.{{cite web|url=http://skrammelvenner.dk/?page_id=212 |title=Børnenes Kulturkanon [The Children's Culture Canon] |language=da |publisher=Ministry of Culture Denmark|website=skrammelvenner.dk|access-date=22 February 2016}} Present active adventure playgrounds in Denmark includes:

• Skrammellegepladsen in Emdrup, Copenhagen.
• Bredegrund Byggelegeplads on Amager, Copenhagen.{{cite web|url=http://www.kk.dk/artikel/bredegrund-byggelegeplads|title=Bredegrund Byggelegeplads|language=da|publisher=Copenhagen Municipality|access-date=7 December 2014}}
• Remiseparken, on Amager next to Bredegrund.{{cite web|url=http://www.kk.dk/artikel/bondeg%C3%A5rden-og-byggelegepladsen-i-remiseparken|title=Bondegården og Byggelegepladsen i Remiseparken|language=da|publisher=Copenhagen Municipality|access-date=7 December 2014}}
• Regnbuen in Hvidovre a suburb of Copenhagen.{{cite web|url=http://www.123hjemmeside.dk/regnbuen/|title=Byggelegepladsen Regnbuen|language=da|publisher=Copenhagen Municipality|access-date=7 December 2014}}
• Rødovre Byggelegeplads in Rødovre a suburb of Copenhagen.{{cite web|url=http://www.byggeren.dk/?id=1&sid=50|title=Rødovre Byggelegeplads|language=da|website=Byggeren.dk|access-date=7 December 2014}}
• Byggelegepladsen Broparken, Rødovre.{{cite web|url=https://www.rk.dk/borger/skoler-sfo-klubber-og-uddannelser/klubber-og-socialpaedagogiske-fritidstilbud/byggelegepladser-i-roedovre-kommune/|title=Byggelegepladser i Rødovre Kommune|language=da|publisher=Rødovre Municipality|access-date=7 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075308/https://www.rk.dk/borger/skoler-sfo-klubber-og-uddannelser/klubber-og-socialpaedagogiske-fritidstilbud/byggelegepladser-i-roedovre-kommune/|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=dead}}
• Byggelegepladsen Rønneholm, Rødovre.
• Højkjær Byggelegeplads in Brøndby a suburb of Copenhagen.{{cite web|url=http://www.hoejkaer.dk/|title=Højkjær Byggelegeplads|language=da|access-date=7 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217090703/http://hoejkaer.dk/|archive-date=17 December 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
• Skolemarken in Aarhus.{{cite web|url=http://bornibyen.dk/aarhus/places/3422-legepladsen-skolemarken|title=Legepladsen Skolemarken|language=da|publisher=Børn i byen|access-date=7 December 2014}}
• Søndergård in Lystrup a suburb of Aarhus.{{cite web|url=http://bornibyen.dk/aarhus/places/9653-legepladsen-soendergaard|title=Legepladsen Søndergård|language=da|publisher=Børn i byen|access-date=7 December 2014}}

;Italy

• Ai Pioppi Playground, Nervesa della Battaglia.{{Cite web |title=Ai Pioppi Playground |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/ai-pioppi-playground |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCQEc736GO4 |title=The Human-Powered, Giant Theme Park Playground: Ai Pioppi |date=2015-04-06 |last=Tom Scott |access-date=2024-10-08 |via=YouTube}}

;Germany

• Abenteuerspielplätze und Kinderbauernhöfe in Berlin, or AKiB for short, is a federation of adventure playgrounds and children's farms in Berlin, Germany{{cite web|url=http://www.akib.de/|title=Abenteuerspielplätze und Kinderbauernhöfe in Berlin|publisher=|language=German|accessdate=28 April 2021}}

;Sweden

• St Hans bygglekplats in Lund
• Borgarparkens bygglekplats in Lund
• Klostergårdens bygglekplats in Lund

;Switzerland

• Robi-Spiel Aktionen—An organization of adventure playgrounds in Basel, Switzerland{{cite web|url=http://www.robi-spiel-aktionen.ch/|title=Robi Spiel Aktionen|publisher=|language=German|accessdate=28 April 2021}}

;United Kingdom

• Camberwell, England
• Eccleshill Adventure Playground, also known as [http://www.thebigswing.org/ The Big Swing (Bradford, England)]
• Evergreen Adventure Playground, Dalston, London{{cite thesis |last= Leichter-Saxby|first= Morgan|date= 2007|title= Constructing the "Natural" Child: The Materiality of Play, Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground|type= MA|publisher= University of London}}
• Lockleaze Adventure Playground, Bristol, UK.{{cite news|last= Banyard|first= Natalie|date= January 18, 2017|title= The story of a Bristol adventure playground is being turned into a major new musical|url= http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/junkyard/story-30068300-detail/story.html|newspaper= Bristol Post|access-date= January 18, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• Felix Road Adventure Playground, Bristol, UK.
• St Paul's Adventure Playground, Bristol, UK.
• [https://www.adventureplayhub.org/ The Playground aka Adventure Play Hub], St John's Wood London, UK.
• The Land (Adventure playground) in Wrexham, Wales, UK
• The Triangle Adventure Playground in Oval, South London. London's oldest adventure playground still located on its original site.
• [https://meridenadventureplayground.com/ Meriden Adventure Playground] Solihull, West Midlands
• [https://www.glamisadventureplayground.org/ Glamis Adventure Playground] Tower Hamlets, London

• C. Th. Sørensen (1931): "Parkpolitik i Sogn og Købstad", {{in lang|da}}
• "[https://books.google.com/books?id=u4XHBQAAQBAJ Risk and Safety in Play: The law and practice for adventure playgrounds (2003)]"
• Joan Almon, Editor. (2017) [http://www.allianceforchildhood.org/sites/allianceforchildhood.org/files/file/Playing_It_Up.pdf Playing It Up—With Loose Parts, Playpods, and Adventure Playgrounds, Annapolis, MD: Alliance for Childhood.]
• Mike Lanza (2012): "[http://playborhood.com/ IPlayborhood.] Free Play Press

;Academic

• BDJA: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160523105620/http://www.bdja.org/oli/index.html Adventure playgrounds and city farms in Europe and what they contribute to sustainable urban development], a study from Germany
• {{cite journal|title=Adventure Playground as an Example of the Child's Right to Play |author=Kotliar I.A. and Sokolova M.V. |journal= Psychological Science and Education Psyedu.ru |pages=81–90 |volume=6 (no.2)|issue=2 |date=2014 |doi=10.17759/psyedu.2014060207}}
• Leichter-Saxby, Morgan (2007) [https://playeverything.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/materiality-of-play-power-subversion2.pdf Constructing the “Natural” Child: The Materiality of Play, Power and Subversion at Evergreen Adventure Playground]. M.A. thesis, University of London. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
• Sutton, Lia (2005): [http://adventureplaygrounds.hampshire.edu/ Kinderparadijs (Children's Paradise): Advancing the Adventure Playground Movement], a student's thesis (Hampshire College, Massachusetts)
• Wilson, Reilly Bergin (2014) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Who_Owns_the_Playground.html?id=sk_psgEACAAJ Who Owns the Playground: Space and Power at Lollard Adventure Playground (1954–1961)]. M.A. thesis, University of Leeds.
• Ben Highmore, Adventures in Lollard Street: An Experimental London Playground, 1955–60, History Workshop Journal, Volume 97, Spring 2024, Pages 174–195, https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbae001

• Erin Davis (2015): [http://playfreemovie.com/about/ The Land]
• British Pathé (1950–1959): [http://www.britishpathe.com/video/come-out-to-play-reel-2 Come Out To Play Reel 2 1950–1959] includes a "junk playground" sequence.
• William H. Whyte (1980): [https://vimeo.com/111488563 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces] includes a "junk playground" sequence.
• [https://vimeo.com/187973729 Alliance for Childhood – play:ground NYC]

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170213001052/http://www.bristololdvic.org.uk/junkyard.html Junkyard (musical)] written by Jack Thorne about Lockleaze Adventure playground (or ‘The Vench') in Bristol.{{cite news |last= Thorne |first= Jack |date= February 6, 2017 |title= Jack Thorne's Junkyard: how I turned an adventure playground into a musical |url= https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2017/feb/06/jack-thorne-junkyard-musical-adventure-playground-bristol|newspaper= The Guardian |location= London|access-date= February 12, 2017}}

• Children's street culture
• Home zone/Play street
• Playwork
• Pop-Up Adventure Play
• Sudbury School
• Tinkering School
• Makerspaces
• Free-range parenting
• Forest kindergarten
• Lady Allen of Hurtwood

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{reflist|2}}

• [https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/03/hey-parents-leave-those-kids-alone/358631/ The Overprotected Kid, The Atlantic, 2014]
• [https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/03/europes-adventure-playgrounds-look-way-more-fun/284521/ Inside a European Adventure Playground, The Atlantic, 2014]
• [https://www.npr.org/blogs/ed/2014/08/04/334896321/where-the-wild-things-play Where the wild things play, NPR, 2014]
• [http://www.playwales.org.uk/eng/ Play Wales, the national charity for children's play.]
• [https://libcom.org/library/adventure-playground-parable-anarchy Adventure Playground: A Parable of Anarchy]

Category:Environmental education

Category:Playgrounds