agent-oriented programming

Historically, the concept of agent-oriented programming and the idea of centering software around the concept of an Agent was introduced by Yoav Shoham within his artificial intelligence studies in 1990.

{{cite book |first=Y. |last=Shoham |year=1990 |title=Agent-Oriented Programming |publisher=Computer Science Department |location=Stanford University |type=Technical Report STAN-CS-90-1335}}

{{cite journal |last=Shoham |first=Y. |year=1993 |title=Agent-Oriented Programming |journal=Artificial Intelligence |citeseerx =10.1.1.123.5119 |pages=51–92 |volume=60 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/0004-3702(93)90034-9}}

His agents are specific to his own paradigm as they have only one method, with one parameter. To quote Yoav Shoham from his paper in 1990 for a basic difference between AOP and OOP:

{{Blockquote|... agent-oriented programming (AOP), which can be viewed as a specialization of object-oriented programming.}}

There are multiple AOP 'frameworks', also called agent platforms, that implement Shoham's programming paradigm. The following examples illustrate how a basic agent is programmed as a hello-world program.

For the Java-platform one of the frameworks is [https://web.archive.org/web/20100621141053/http://jade.tilab.com/ JADE].{{cite conference|last=Bellifeminee|first=Fabio|author2=Agostino Poggi |author3=Giovanni Rimassa|title=JADE: a FIPA2000 compliant agent development environment|year=2024|conference=Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents|pages=216–217|doi=10.1145/375735.376120}}

Here is a very basic example{{cite web |url=http://rootdev.nl/blog/article/aop_jade_configure_in_eclipse_and_netbeans |title=Rootdev |website=rootdev.nl |access-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702083510/http://rootdev.nl/blog/article/aop_jade_configure_in_eclipse_and_netbeans |archive-date=2 July 2011 |url-status=dead}} of an agent that runs code.

package helloworld;

import jade.core.Agent;

public class Hello extends Agent {

protected void setup() {

System.out.println("Hello World. ");

System.out.println("My name is "+ getLocalName());

}

public Hello() {

System.out.println("Constructor called");

}

}

At the core of JADE's AOP model is that its API supports the standard FIPA Agent Communication Language

AgentSpeak is an agent-oriented programming language based on logic programming and the belief–desire–intention (BDI) architecture.

For a literal translation of agent-oriented concepts into a scheme unobfuscated as is JADE, behind Java and Object Orientedness, Agent SpeakAnand S. Rao, 1996. AgentSpeak(L): BDI Agents Speak Out in a Logical Computable Language. Proceedings of Seventh European Workshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World (MAAMAW-96). (Jason) provides a "natural" language for agents.

started.

+started <- .print("Hello World. ").

GOAL is an agent programming language for programming cognitive agents. GOAL agents derive their choice of action from their beliefs and goals. The language provides the basic building blocks to design and implement cognitive agents by programming constructs that allow and facilitate the manipulation of an agent's beliefs and goals and to structure its decision-making. The language provides an intuitive programming framework based on common sense or practical reasoning.

SARL{{cite book |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Sebastian |last2=Gaud |first2=Nicolas |last3=Galland |first3=Stéphane |year=2014 |chapter=SARL: A General-Purpose Agent-Oriented Programming Language |title=2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT) |pages=103–110 |doi=10.1109/wi-iat.2014.156 |isbn=978-1-4799-4143-8 |s2cid=15508257}} provides the fundamental abstractions for coding multiagent systems.[http://www.sarl.io SARL website] It uses a script-like syntax (inspired by Scala and Ruby).

package helloworld

import io.sarl.core.Initialize

agent HelloWorldAgent {

on Initialize {

println("Hello World.")

}

}

PADE{{cite web |url=https://pade.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html |title=Python Agent DEvelopment framework — Pade 1.0 documentation}} is a python package to develop intelligent agents in python language. This framework complies to FIPA and ACL standards.

class AgenteHelloWorld(Agent):

def __init__(self, aid):

super(AgenteHelloWorld, self).__init__(aid=aid)

display_message(self.aid.localname, "Hello World!")

One way to implement modular or extensible AOP support is to define standard AOP APIs to middleware functions that are themselves implemented as software agents. For example, a directory service can be implemented as a FIPA directory facilitator or DF software agent; life-cycle management to start, stop, suspend and resume agents can be implemented as a FIPA Agent Management Service or AMS agent.{{cite journal|last=Poslad|first=S|title=Specifying Protocols for Multi-agent System Interaction|year=2007|journal=ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems|volume=2|issue=4|pages=15–es|doi=10.1145/1293731.1293735|s2cid=9477595}} A benefit of the AOP approach is that it supports more dynamic roles between different users and providers of applications, services and networks. For example, traditionally, networks and services were usually managed by the network and service provider on behalf of the customer and offered as a single virtual network service but customers themselves are becoming more empowered to integrate and manage their own services. This can be achieved via AOP and APIs to middleware agents that can flexibly and dynamically manage communication.{{cite book |last1=Poslad |first1=S. |last2=Pitt |first2=J. |last3=Mamdani |first3=A. |last4=Hadingham |first4=R. |last5=Buckle |first5=P. |title=Agent-oriented middleware for integrating customer network services. In: Software Agents for Future Communication Systems |editor1-last=Hayzelden |editor1-first=A. |editor2-last=Bigham |editor2-first=J. |year=1999 |pages=221–242 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-58418-3_9}}

• {{Annotated link |Software agent}}
• {{Annotated link |NetLogo}}
• {{Annotated link |Actor model}}
• {{Annotated link |GOAL agent programming language|GOAL}}

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