al-Nayrizi

Little is known of al-Nairīzī, though his nisba refers to the town of Neyriz. He mentioned al-Mu'tadid, the Abbasid caliph, in his works, and so scholars have assumed that al-Nairīzī flourished in Baghdad during this period.{{sfn|Hogendijk|1986|p=1050}} Al-Nairīzī wrote a book for al-Mu'tadid on atmospheric phenomena. He died in {{circa|922}}.{{sfn|Sarton|1962|pp=598{{ndash}}599}}

Al-Nayrizi wrote a commentary to the translation in Arabic by Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar of Euclid's Elements. Both the translation and the commentary have survived, as well as a 12th-century Latin translation by Gerard of Cremona. Al-Nayrizi's commentary contains unique extracts of two other commentaries on the Elements, produced by Hero of Alexandria and Simplicius of Cilicia.{{sfn|Hogendijk|1986|p=1050}}

Al-Nairīzī used the {{lang|la|umbra (versa)}}, the equivalent to the tangent, as a genuine trigonometric line, as did the Persian astronomer al-Marwazi before him.{{sfn|Sarton|1962|pp=598{{ndash}}599}} He gave a proof of the Pythagorean theorem using the Pythagorean tiling.{{sfn|Nelsen|2003}}

Al-Nayrizi gave a mathematical proof of the parallel postulate based on the assumption that parallel lines are equidistant. He wrote a treatise on an exact method for the numerical determination of the kibla and a text about a device for measuring the heights, widths, and depths.{{sfn|Hogendijk|1986|p=1050}}

Al-Nairīzī wrote a treatise on the spherical astrolabe, an elaborate work that seems to be the best Persian work on the subject. It is divided into four books:{{sfn|Sarton|1962|pp=598{{ndash}}599}}

1. An historical and critical introduction of the astrolabe;
2. A description of the instrument; and a comparison with other astronomical instruments;
3. Applications of the instrument;
4. Applications of the instrument.

Ibn al-Nadim mentions Nayrizi as a distinguished astronomer with eight works by him listed in his book al-Fihrist.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

Al-Nayrizi's most important astronomical works, his commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest and both his zijes, are lost. He produced treatises on the spherical astrolabe and astrological conjunctions, both of which are extant.{{sfn|Hogendijk|1986|p=1050}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Hogendijk |first1=J.P. |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=1986|publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-09419-9 |volume=7 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/05.-encyc-islam.-new-ed-prep-num-lead-orient.-ed-ed-com-con.-bos-don-lew-pel.etc/07.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonLewPel.etc.UndPatIUA.v7.Mif-Naz.Leid.EJBrill.1993./page/1050/mode/1up |chapter=Al-Nayrīzī}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Nelsen |first1=Roger B. |title=Paintings, plane tilings, and proofs |journal=Math Horizons |date=2003 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=5{{ndash}}8 |doi=10.1080/10724117.2003.12021741|s2cid=126000048 |url=http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~steele/Publications/Books/CSMC/New%20Problems/paintings.pdf |publisher=Mathematical Association of America}}
• {{cite book |last=Sarton |first=George |author-link=George Sarton |title=Introduction to the History of Science |date=1962 |publisher=Published for the Carnegie Institution of Washington, by the Williams & Wilkins Co |location=Baltimore, Maryland |oclc=1238437 |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi01sart/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater }}

• {{cite book |last1=Euclid |translator-last=Abū ʹl ʹAbbās al-Fadhl ibn Hātim al-Narīzī |author1-link=Euclid |editor1-last=Besthorn |editor1-first=R. O. |editor2-last=Heiberg |editor2-first=J. L. |title=Codex Leidensis 339, I. Euclidis Elementa |date=1893 |publisher=Libraria Glydendaliana |location=Haunia (Copenhagen) |oclc= 66287985 |url=https://archive.org/details/codexleidensisi00matagoog/page/n6/mode/2up |ref=none |language=la, ar}}
• {{cite book |last1=Al-Nairīzī |first1=Abū’l-'Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim |editor1-last=Tummers |editor1-first=P. M. J. E. |title=Anaritius' Commentary on Euclid. The Latin Translation, I-IV |date=1993 |publisher=Brepols |location=Turnhout |isbn=978-90-70419-35-6 |ref=none |language=la}}

• {{cite book|last1=Brentjez |first1=Sonja |isbn=978-3-0348-9696-2 |editor1-last=Demidov |editor1-first=S.S. |editor2-last=Rowe |editor2-first=D. |editor3-last=Folkerts |editor3-first=M. |editor4-last=Scriba |editor4-first=C.J. |title=Amphora |date=1992 |chapter=Der Ṯābit b. Qurra zugeschriebene Zusatz I, 462 zu Euklid I, 46 in MS Leiden 399,1 |pages=91{{ndash}}120 |doi=10.1007/978-3-0348-8599-7_5 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-0348-8599-7_5 |ref=none |publisher=Birkhäuser |location=Basel. |language=de}}
• {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey | last = DeYoung | first = Gregg | title=Nayrīzī: Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nayrīzī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | location = New York | page = 823 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Nayrizi_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0|display-editors=etal |ref=none}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Nayrizi_BEA.pdf PDF version])
• {{MacTutor|id=Al-Nayrizi|title=Abu'l Abbas al-Fadl ibn Hatim Al-Nayrizi}}
• {{cite book |last1=Sabra |first1=A. I. |author1-link=Yvonne Dold-Samplonius |editor1-last=Gillispie |editor1-first=Charles Coulston |editor2-last=Holmes |editor2-first=Frederic Lawrence |title=Dictionary of Scientific Biography |date=1981 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |oclc=755137603 |url-access=registration |volume=10 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofscie10gill/page/n7/mode/2up |chapter=Al-Nayrīzī, Abu'l-'Abbās Al-Faḍl Ibn Ḥātim |ref=none |pages=5{{ndash}}7}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Sezgin |first1=Fuat |author1-link=Fuat Sezgin |title=III. Arab mathematicians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667-3975_SEZO_COM_503 |website=Sezgin Online |publisher=Brill |access-date=1 May 2023 |ref=none |date=2021|doi=10.1163/2667-3975_SEZO_COM_503 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Suter |first1=Heinrich |author1-link=Heinrich Suter |title=Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke |date=1900 |publisher=Teubner |location=Leipzig |oclc=230703086 |page=45 |url=https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/publicdomain/content/titleinfo/1118377 |ref=none |language=de}}

• [https://www.wilbourhall.org/index.html#alnairizi Al-Nairizi's Commentary on Euclid's Elements – Codex Leidensis 399: Euclidis Elementa cum Commentariis al-Nairzii (Bestorn, Heiberg) – ابو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النريزى كتاب اوقليدس المختصر فى علم الاصول المقدمة] from Joseph G. Leichter (sel-published)
• [https://data.bnf.fr/en/15001512/al-fadl_ibn_hatim_abu_al-_abbas_al-_nayrizi/ Texts relating to al-Nayrizi] from the Bibliothèque nationale de France

{{Navboxes |title=Articles and topics related to Al-Nayrizi |state=collapsed |list1=

{{Islamic astronomy}}

{{Islamic mathematics}}

{{Mathematics in Iran}}

}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nayrizi}}

Category:Scientists who worked on qibla determination

Category:9th-century Iranian mathematicians

Category:10th-century Iranian mathematicians

Category:860s births

Category:920s deaths

Category:Year of birth uncertain

Category:Mathematicians from the Abbasid Caliphate

Category:Astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate

Category:People from Fars province

Category:10th-century Iranian astronomers

Category:9th-century Iranian astronomers