al-Sharif al-Jurjani

{{Short description|Persian writer, theologian (1339–1414)}}

{{Infobox religious biography

| image = ‘Ali ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Husayni al-Jurjani, known as Al-Sayyid al-Sharif (d.1413), Sharh tadkira (a commentary on al-Tusi's Kitab al-tadhkira, on astronomy), Persia, Timurid, dated 1410.jpg

| caption = Manuscript of Jurjani's Sharh Tadkira (a commentary on Nasir al-Din Tusi's Kitab al-tadhkira, on astronomy). Copy created in Timurid Iran, dated 1410. This particular copy is the oldest extant version of the work and was created during Jurjani's lifetime

| region = Shiraz

| era = early Timurid period

| name = Al-Sharif al-Jurjani

| title =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = 1339 CE

| birth_place = Ṭāḡu near Astarabad in Gorgān{{cite encyclopedia | title = JORJĀNI, ZAYN-AL-DIN ABU'L-ḤASAN ʿALI | last = van Ess | first = Josef | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/jorjani-zayn-al-din-abul-hasan-ali | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 1 | pages = 21–29 | year = 2009 }}

| death_date = 1414 CE

| death_place = Shiraz

| religion = Islam

| denomination = Sunni

| jurisprudence = Hanafi

| creed = Ash'ari

| main_interests = Kalam((arabic grammar)) (Islamic theology), Mantiq (logic), Falkiat

| notable_works = Jurjani Definitions, Sharh al-Mawaqif

| influences = Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari,Gündüz, Şinasi, and Cafer S. Yaran, eds. Change and Essence: dialectical relations between change and continuity in the Turkish intellectual tradition. Vol. 18. CRVP, 2005. Adud al-Din al-Iji,Ragep, F. Jamil, and Alī al-Qūshjī. "Freeing Astronomy from Philosophy: An Aspect of Islamic Influence on Science." Osiris 16 (2001): 49-71. Akmal al-Din al-Babarti

| influenced = Shams al-Din al-Fanari, Ali Qushji

}}

Ali ibn Mohammed al-Jurjani (1339–1414) (Persian {{Nastaliq|علی بن محمد جرجانی}}) was a Persian{{cite book|last1=Donzel|first1=E. J. van|title=Islamic Desk Reference|date=1 January 1994|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-09738-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0/page/192 192]|quote=al-Jurjani, Ali* b. Muhammad (al-Sayyid al-Sharif): Persian grammarian, philosopher and linguist; 1339-1413.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0/page/192}} encyclopedic writer, scientist, and traditionalist theologian. He is referred to as "al-Sayyid al-Sharif" in sources due to his alleged descent from Ali ibn Abi Taleb. He was born in the village of Ṭāḡu near Astarabad in Gorgan (hence the nisba "Jurjani"), and became a professor in Shiraz. When this city was plundered by Timur in 1387, he moved to Samarkand, but returned to Shiraz in 1405, and remained there until his death.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Jurjānī|display=Jurjānī s.v. ʽAlī ibn Maḥommed ul-Jurjānī|volume=15|page=587|first=Griffithes Wheeler|last=Thatcher|author-link=Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher}}

The author of more than fifty books,Kifayat Ullah, Al-Kashshaf: Al-Zamakhshari's Mu'tazilite Exegesis of the Qur'an, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG (2017), p. 40 of his thirty-one extant works, many being commentaries on other works, one of the best known is the Taʿrīfāt (تعريفات "Definitions"),Kitâb Ta`rîfat al-`ulûm wa tahqîqât r-rusûm, Edition critique: Abdelmoula HAGIL, Paris, 2019, 536p. which was edited by G Flügel (Leipzig, 1845), published also in Constantinople (1837), Cairo (1866, etc.), and St Petersburg (1897).