ammonium permanganate
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 456691288
| ImageFile = Ammonium permanganate.png
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName = Ammonium manganate(VII)
| OtherNames = Ammonium permanganate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 55512
| InChI = 1/Mn.H3N.4O/h;1H3;;;;/q;;;;;-1/p+1/rMnO4.H3N/c2-1(3,4)5;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1
| InChIKey = PASCZIGWJWZUOV-AGRLYYGXAH
| SMILES1 = [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[NH4+]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Mn.H3N.4O/h;1H3;;;;/q;;;;;-1/p+1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PASCZIGWJWZUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-O
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo = 13446-10-1
| PubChem = 61604
| SMILES = [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[N+]
| KEGG_Ref =
| KEGG =
| UNNumber = 3085, 1482
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NH4MnO4
| MolarMass = 136.974 g/mol
| Appearance = rhombic needle crystals or powder with rich violet-brown or dark purple metallic sheen, become steel-gray in storage;
magenta–rose in solution
| Density = 2.2g/cm3, solid
| MeltingPt = decomposes
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 8.0 g/100 ml at 15 °C
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic
| Coordination =
| MolShape =
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf =
| DeltaHc =
| Entropy = J.K−1.mol−1
| HeatCapacity = }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [ External MSDS]
| MainHazards = Oxidant (O), Harmful (Xn), Dangerous for the environment (N)
| GHSPictograms =
| GHSSignalWord =
| HPhrases = {{HPhrases|}}
| PPhrases = {{PPhrases|}}
| GHS_ref =
| NFPA-H =0
| NFPA-F =0
| NFPA-R =3
| NFPA-S = OX
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Ammonium perrhenate
| OtherCations = Sodium permanganate; Potassium permanganate
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label = Permanganates
| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|Potassium manganate (K2MnO4)|Manganese heptoxide}}
}}
}}
Ammonium permanganate is the chemical compound NH4MnO4, or NH3·HMnO4. It is a water soluble, violet-brown or dark purple salt.
Preparation
Ammonium permanganate was first prepared by Eilhard Mitscherlich in 1824 by reaction of silver permanganate with equal molar amount of ammonium chloride, filtering the silver chloride and evaporating the water.
:AgMnO4 + NH4Cl → AgCl + NH4MnO4
It can also be prepared in a similar way from potassium permanganate and ammonium chloride.
:KMnO4 +NH4Cl → KCl + NH4MnO4
Properties
Ammonium permanganate is a strong oxidizer, owing to its permanganate anion, and it is a moderately strong explosive, owing to the combination of oxidizer permanganate anion and reducing ammonium cation. Dry ammonium permanganate can detonate by heat, shock, or friction, and it may explode at temperatures above 140 °F (60 °C).{{cite web|date=February 1988|title=MSDS Chemical Information File: Ammonium Permanganate|url=http://www.textfiles.com/science/CHEMICALS/ammonium_permanganate.txt}}
Ammonium permanganate decomposes explosively to manganese dioxide, nitrogen, and water:{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Manganese|volume=17|pages=569–571}}
:2 NH4MnO4 → 2 MnO2 + N2 + 4 H2O
Ammonium permanganate decomposes slowly in storage even at normal temperatures. A sample stored for 3 months was only 96% pure, after 6 months it assumed color of iodine and had strong smell of nitrogen oxides. It emits toxic fumes when decomposed by heat.{{cite encyclopedia | author1 = Seymour M. Kaye |title=Permanganates - Ammonium Permanganate| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items | volume = 8 | year = 1978 |page=178}}
Quaternary ammonium permanganate compounds can be prepared, such as tetrabutylammonium permanganate{{cite journal | journal= Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications |title= Tetrabutylammonium permanganate: an efficient oxidant for organic substrates |first1= Tony |last1= Sala |first2= Melvyn V. |last2= Sargent |year= 1978 |issue= 6 |pages= 253–254 |doi= 10.1039/C39780000253 }} and benzyltriethylammonium permanganate.{{cite journal |title= Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Benzyl(triethyl)ammonium Permanganate |first1= H.-Jürgen |last1= Schmidt |first2 =Hans J. |last2= Schäfer |journal= Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | volume= 18 |issue= 1 |pages= 68–69 |date= January 1979 |doi= 10.1002/anie.197900681 }}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commonscatinline|Ammonium permanganate}}
{{Ammonium salts}}
{{Permanganates}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ammonium Permanganate}}