anetoderma

Typically pink macules that are round or oval and have a diameter of 0.5 to 1 centimeters grow on the trunk, thighs, and upper arms. They are less frequently found on the neck, face, and other areas. Usually, the soles, palms, and scalp are unaffected. Every macule grows for one or two weeks until it reaches a size of 2-3 centimeters.{{cite journal | last1=PY | first1=Venencie | last2=RK | first2=Winkelmann | last3=BA | first3=Moore | title=Anetoderma. Clinical findings, associations, and long-term follow-up evaluations | journal=Archives of Dermatology | date=1984 | publisher=Arch Dermatol | volume=120 | issue=8 | pages=1032–1039 | issn=0003-987X | pmid=6465909 | doi=10.1001/archderm.120.8.1032 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6465909/ | access-date=December 31, 2023 }} Larger erythematous plaques can occasionally be seen, and nodules have also been identified as the main lesion.

Lesions range widely in number from fewer than five to one hundred or more. The lesions do not change throughout a person's life, and new lesions frequently take years to appear. When the lesions combine, they create sizable atrophic regions that are identical to acquired cutis laxa. They could unite to encircle sizable regions, particularly along the neck and at the base of the limbs.

Primary anetoderma is an idiopathic development of atrophic lesions in skin areas that appeared normal prior to the onset of atrophy.{{cite journal | last1=Emer | first1=Jason | last2=Roberts | first2=Daniel | last3=Sidhu | first3=Harleen | last4=Phelps | first4=Robert | last5=Goodheart | first5=Herbert | title=Generalized Anetoderma after Intravenous Penicillin Therapy for Secondary Syphilis in an HIV Patient | journal=The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology | date=2013 | publisher=Matrix Medical Communications | volume=6 | issue=8 | pages=23–28 | pmid=24003347 | pmc=3760601 }}

Secondary anetoderma is a skin disease that develops in areas where there has previously been or is currently skin pathology. It has been linked to a variety of conditions, such as acne,{{cite journal |last1=Thivolet |first1=J |last2=Cambazard |first2=F |last3=Souteyrand |first3=P |last4=Pierini |first4=A M |title=Mastocytosis evolving into anetoderma. Review of the literature. |journal=Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie |date=1981 |volume=108 |issue=3 |pages=259–266 |pmid=7020556}} urticaria pigmentosa,{{cite journal | last=Holland | first=Theresa T. | title=Tender Periungual Nodules | journal=Archives of Dermatology | publisher=American Medical Association (AMA) | volume=128 | issue=1 | date=January 1, 1992 | pages=105-6, 108-9 | issn=0003-987X | doi=10.1001/archderm.1992.01680110117021 | pmid=1739277 }} syphilis, leprosy, granuloma annulare,{{cite journal | last1=zkan | first1=ebnem | last2=Fetil | first2=Emel | last3=zler | first3=Fatih | last4=Pabucuolu | first4=Uur | last5=Yalin | first5=Nagihan | last6=Gne | first6=Ali Tahsin | title=Anetoderma secondary to generalized granuloma annulare | journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=42 | issue=2 | year=2000 | issn=0190-9622 | doi=10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90106-3 | pages=335–338| pmid=10640927 }} insect bites,{{cite journal | last1=Shames | first1=Bruce S. | last2=Nassif | first2=Aude | last3=Bailey | first3=Cynthia S. | last4=Saltzstein | first4=Sidney L. | title=Secondary Anetoderma Involving a Pilomatricoma | journal=The American Journal of Dermatopathology | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=16 | issue=5 | year=1994 | issn=0193-1091 | doi=10.1097/00000372-199410000-00020 | pages=557–566| pmid=7802171 }} and antiphospholipid syndrome.{{cite journal | last1=Disdier | first1=Patrick | last2=Harlé | first2=Jean-Robert | last3=Andrac | first3=Lucille | last4=Verrot | first4=Denis | last5=Bolla | first5=Gilles | last6=Marco | first6=Marielle San | last7=Weiller | first7=Pierre-Jean | title=Primary anetoderma associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome | journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=30 | issue=1 | year=1994 | issn=0190-9622 | doi=10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81902-0 | pages=133–134| pmid=8277016 }} Secondary anetoderma has been linked to infectious, inflammatory,{{cite journal | last1=Herrero-González | first1=J-E | last2=Herrero-Mateu | first2=C | title=Primary anetoderma associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome | journal=Lupus | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=11 | issue=2 | year=2002 | issn=0961-2033 | doi=10.1191/0961203302lu139cr | pages=124–126| pmid=11958576 | s2cid=26022639 }} and tumorous conditions.

Macular depressions or skin outpouchings linked to the loss of dermal elastic tissue that are observed in premature infants are referred to as anetoderma of prematurity. According to reports, the location of monitoring electrodes or leads, such as ECG electrodes, may be related to these cutaneous lesions.{{cite journal | last1=Colditz | first1=Paul B. | last2=Dunster | first2=Kimble R. | last3=Joy | first3=Gloria J. | last4=Robertson | first4=Ivan M. | title=Anetoderma of prematurity in association with electrocardiographic electrodes | journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=41 | issue=3 | year=1999 | issn=0190-9622 | doi=10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70126-x | pages=479–481| pmid=10459128 }}

Case reports have described instances of congenital anetoderma presenting as anetoderma on the trunk of premature infants at birth.{{cite journal | last1=Mary Wain | first1=E. | last2=Mellerio | first2=Jemima E. | last3=Robson | first3=Alistair | last4=Atherton | first4=David J. | title=Congenital Anetoderma in a Preterm Infant | journal=Pediatric Dermatology | publisher=Wiley | volume=25 | issue=6 | year=2008 | issn=0736-8046 | doi=10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00785.x | pages=626–629| pmid=19067869 | s2cid=39038946 }}{{cite journal | last1=Zellman | first1=Glenn L. | last2=Levy | first2=Moise L. | title=Congenital anetoderma in twins | journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=36 | issue=3 | year=1997 | issn=0190-9622 | doi=10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80236-8 | pages=483–485| pmid=9091489 }}

Penicillamine administration has been linked to drug-induced anetoderma, especially in Wilson disease patients.

Familial anetoderma is rare and is inherited autosomally. The familial form usually appears in the first ten years of life and may show up only as skin manifestations, but it can also be linked to ocular, neurological, and bony abnormalities.{{cite journal | last1=Patrizi | first1=Annalisa | last2=Neri | first2=Iria | last3=Virdi | first3=Annalucia | last4=Misciali | first4=Cosimo | last5=D’acunto | first5=Carmine | title=Familial anetoderma: a report of two families | journal=European Journal of Dermatology | publisher=John Libbey Eurotext | volume=21 | issue=5 | year=2011 | issn=1167-1122 | doi=10.1684/ejd.2011.1450 | pages=680–685| pmid=21719400 }}

Anetoderma can be diagnosed clinically. But if the diagnosis proves to be difficult, a skin biopsy—ideally a punch biopsy—can be carried out to include the mid dermis.{{cite web | last1=Cook | first1=Jordan C. | last2=Puckett | first2=Yana | title=Anetoderma | publisher=StatPearls Publishing | date=July 3, 2023 | pmid=32809440 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560605/ | access-date=December 31, 2023}} Under a microscope, the epidermis of anetoderma exhibits a nearly total loss of elastic fibers in the reticular and papillary dermal layers. A dermal periadnexal and perivascular infiltrate containing histiocytes and plasma cells can also be seen in the histopathology of the lesion.{{cite journal |last1=Venencie |first1=Pierre Y. |last2=Winkelmann |first2=R. K. |title=Monoclonal antibody studies in the skin lesions of patients with anetoderma |journal=Archives of Dermatology |date=June 1985 |volume=121 |issue=6 |pages=747–749 |doi=10.1001/archderm.1985.01660060061021 |pmid=3873911 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/546151 |access-date=31 December 2023 |publisher=JAMA}}

In lesional skin, elastophagocytosis and tiny fragmented elastic fibrils can be seen in addition to the histopathology on electron microscopy.{{cite journal |last1=Venencie |first1=Pierre Y. |last2=Winkelmann |first2=R. K. |title=Histopathologic findings in anetoderma |journal=Archives of Dermatology |date=1984 |volume=120 |issue=8 |pages=1040–1044 |doi=10.1001/archderm.1984.01650440070022 |pmid=6465910 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/545298 |access-date=31 December 2023 |publisher=JAMA}}{{cite journal | last1=ZAKI | first1=I. | last2=SCERRI | first2=L. | last3=NELSON | first3=H. | title=Primary anetoderma: phagocytosis of elastic fibres by macrophages | journal=Clinical and Experimental Dermatology | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=19 | issue=5 | year=1994 | issn=0307-6938 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb02688.x | pages=388–390| pmid=7955494 }} Desmosine has been used to quantify the amount of elastin in lesional skin, which is considerably lower in anetoderma, since it is a major amino acid in elastin.{{cite journal | last1=Oikarinen | first1=Aarne I. | last2=Palatsi | first2=Riitta | last3=Adomian | first3=Gerald E. | last4=Oikarinen | first4=Heljä | last5=Clark | first5=Joan G. | last6=Uitto | first6=Jouni | title=Anetoderma: Biochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of an elastin defect in the skin of three patients | journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=11 | issue=1 | year=1984 | issn=0190-9622 | doi=10.1016/s0190-9622(84)70136-8 | pages=64–72| pmid=6736354 }}

There are five subtypes of anetoderma: drug-induced anetoderma, familial anetoderma, prematurity-associated anetoderma, primary (idiopathic) anetoderma, and secondary anetoderma from a previous dermatosis. The Jadassohn-Pellizzari type and the Schweninger-Buzzi type are the historical subtypes of the primary type, which is found in areas of previously normal skin. While the Schweninger-Buzzi type of anetoderma develops in skin that appears normal with no predisposition skin changes, the Jadassohn-Pellizzari type occurs following the occurrence of inflammatory or urticarial lesions. These terms are now obsolete because the two primary types are identical histologically as well as having a similar disease course.

• List of cutaneous conditions
• Atrophoderma

{{reflist}}

• {{cite journal | last=Olivo | first=M. P. | title=Anetoderma. Anetoderma, the primary type | journal=Archives of Dermatology | publisher=American Medical Association (AMA) | volume=129 | issue=1 | date=January 1, 1993 | issn=0003-987X | doi=10.1001/archderm.129.1.106 | pages=106–107 | pmid=8420480 | ref=none}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Ghomrasseni | first1=Sabah | last2=Dridi | first2=Myriam | last3=Gogly | first3=Bruno | last4=Bonnefoix | first4=Mireille | last5=Vabres | first5=Pierre | last6=Venencie | first6=Pierre Yves | last7=Pellat | first7=Bernard | last8=Godeau | first8=Gaston | title=Anetoderma | journal=The American Journal of Dermatopathology | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=24 | issue=2 | year=2002 | issn=0193-1091 | doi=10.1097/00000372-200204000-00003 | pages=118–129 | pmid=11979071 | s2cid=40039865 | ref=none}}

• [https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anetoderma UpToDate]
• [https://dermnetnz.org/topics/anetoderma DermNet]

{{Medical resources

| ICD11 = {{ICD11|EE41.1}}

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|L90.1}} {{ICD10|L90.2}}

| ICD10CM =

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|701.8}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM =

| MeshID = D057088

| DiseasesDB = 29805

| SNOMED CT = 238828009

| Curlie =

| MedlinePlus =

| eMedicineSubj = article

| eMedicineTopic = 1073850

| PatientUK =

| NCI =

| GeneReviewsNBK =

| GeneReviewsName =

| NORD =

| GARDNum =

| GARDName =

| RP =

| AO =

| WO =

| OrthoInfo =

| Orphanet = 228272

| Scholia = Q3616643

| OB =

}}

{{Cutaneous ketatosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis}}

Category:Abnormalities of dermal fibrous and elastic tissue