antimony pentasulfide
{{Short description|Inorganic compound of antimony and sulfur}}
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 438644241
| ImageFile =
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames = Antimony red
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 17615643
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/5S.2Sb
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PPKVREKQVQREQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 1315-04-4
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 1433F1I86N
| PubChem = 16683083
| SMILES = S=[Sb](=S)S[Sb](=S)=S
| EINECS = 215-255-5
| DTXSID = DTXSID8046583
| ChEBI = 134733
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem2|Sb2S5}}
| Sb=2|S=5
| MolarMass =
| Appearance = Red powder
| Density = 4.12 g/cm 3
| MeltingPtC = 135
| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = insoluble
| SolubleOther = soluble in HCl, alkalis, ammonium hydrosulfide}}
|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCCode_prefix = R05
| ATCCode_suffix = CA07
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|228|302|332|411}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|240|241|261|264|270|271|273|280|301+312|304+312|304+340|312|330|370+378|391|501}}
| FlashPt = flammable
| AutoignitionPt =
| REL = TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb){{PGCH|0036}}
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations =
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds = Antimony(III) sulfide
}}
}}
Antimony pentasulfide is an inorganic compound of antimony and sulfur, also known as antimony red. It is a nonstoichiometric compound with a variable composition. Its structure is unknown.Arnold F. Holleman, Nils Wiberg: Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102nd edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, p. 849, {{ISBN|978-3-11-017770-1}}. Commercial samples are contaminated with sulfur, which may be removed by washing with carbon disulfide in a Soxhlet extractor.
Production
Antimony pentasulfide can be produced by the reaction of antimony with sulfur at a temperature from 250 to 400 °C in an inert atmosphere.
Uses
It may be used as a red pigment and is one possible precursor to Schlippe's salt, {{chem2|Na3SbS4*9H2O}}, which can be prepared according to the equation:
:{{chem2|3 Na2S + Sb2S5 + 9 H2O → 2 Na3SbS4*9H2O}}
It is also used in the vulcanization of rubber to produce red rubber.
Physical chemistry
Like many sulfides, this compound liberates hydrogen sulfide upon treatment with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid.[http://www.strem.com/catalog/printer.php?type=msds&catalog_number=93-5105 Strem MSDS]
:{{chem2|6 HCl + Sb2S5 → 2 SbCl3 + 3 H2S + 2 S}}
Analysis by Mössbauer spectroscopy indicates that this compound is a derivative antimony(III),{{cite journal | title = The oxidation number of antimony in antimony pentasulfide | journal = Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | year = 1969 | pages = 21–25 |author1=G. G. Long |author2=J. G. Stevens |author3=L. H. Bowen |author4=S. L. Ruby | doi = 10.1016/0020-1650(69)80231-X}} explaining the production of antimony(III) chloride, rather than antimony(V) chloride, upon acidification. It is, therefore, not analogous to the phosphorus(V) compound phosphorus pentasulfide.
References
{{Antimony compounds}}
{{Sulfides}}
{{Disulfides}}
{{Cough and cold preparations}}