arghul

{{Short description|Traditional Middle Eastern woodwind instrument}}

{{Infobox instrument

| name = Arghul

| names =

| image = Arghul Egypt Kopie.jpg

| image_capt = Arghul with bell attached.

| background = woodwind

| classification = single-reed aerophone

| hornbostel_sachs = 422.211.2

| hornbostel_sachs_desc = single reed instrument with cylindrical bore and fingerholes

| inventors =

| developed =

| range =

| related = bülban, clarinet, diplica, dili tuiduk, dozaleh, cifte, launeddas, mijwiz, pilili, Reclam de xeremies, sipsi, zammara, zummara

| musicians =

| builders =

| articles =

}}

The arghul ({{langx|ar|أرغول or يرغول}}), also spelled argul, arghoul, arghool, argol, or yarghul, is a musical instrument in the reed family. It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a traditional instrument in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Jordan.

Basic characteristics

600px

{{small|(From Edward William Lane's An Account of the Manners and Customs of the}}

Modern Egyptians.)

Modern Arghul, 3 ft. 2½ in. long.

The arghul is a double-pipe, Single-reed woodwind instrument that consists of two tubes: a melody pipe with between five and seven holes and a longer drone (Arabic ardiyya, "ground") pipe. Its tone is similar to that of a clarinet, although a bit more reed-like. Unlike the similar mijwiz, the arghul has fingering holes on only one of the instrument's pipes (the melody pipe), and the drone pipe has a detachable length that allows the player to alter the pitch of the drone.

In the illustration above

all three lengths are shown in use. An arghul belonging to the

collection of the Conservatoire Royal at Brussels, described by

Victor Mahillon in his catalogue{{harvnb|Schlesinger|1911}} cites:

Catalogue descriptif et analytique du musée du Conservatoire

Royal de Bruxelles (Ghent, 1880), p. 141.

(No. 113), gives the following

scale: —

style="text-align:center; margin:auto;"
{{small-caps\|Short Pipe.}} \| {{small-caps\|Drone Pipe.}}
300px	400px
valign="top" \| Holes uncovered. \| {\| style="width:400px; text-align:center"
valign="top" \| width="25%" \| Without additional joint. \| width="25%" \|With shortest additional joint. \| width="25%" \|With shortest and medium additional joints. \| width="25%" \|With longest additional joint.

Arghuls are used in Egypt, Palestine and other Arab nations as an accompaniment to belly dancing, Dabke, and other types of Arabic musical performances. Circular breathing is an important part of the playing of the instrument.

There are three varieties of arghuls: the small arghul (arghoul alasghar), the medium arghul (arghoul alsoghayr), and the large arghul (arghoul alkebir).

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Dubbel enkelriet (klarinet) van bamboe TMnr 1312-1.jpg|Egyptian arghul collected before 1939 in the Wereld Museum in Belgium.

File:Flutes and Pipes LACMA M.80.196.27.jpg|Egypt 1537 - 31 BCE. Instrument from ancient Egypt found in a tomb.

Çifte

Çifte is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is made by tying two reed pipes side by side. Two small reed pieces which produce the sound are added to the ends of both reeds. These two small reeds are taken into the mouth cavity and it is played by blowing the air into both at the same time.

There are two çifte types known as Demli Çifte and Demsiz Çifte. In demli çifte one of the reeds does not have any pitch keys and it just produces a drone. There are melody keys on the other reed and the main melody is played through them.

Çifte is also known as Argun, Argul, Kargın or Zambır at different regions.

In Turkish, the word "çifte" also refers to a double-barreled shotgun, no doubt because of the barrels' resemblance to the wind instrument.

Dozaleh

:See main article: Dozaleh

The dozaleh is one of the old folk wind instruments of Iran which is used in mirth celebrations.

Abu Nasr Farabi had called it Mezmarol-Mosana or Mozdavadg [mozdavej] ("married"). The dozaleh has a sound like Ney-anbān [neianbAn] (bagpipe), but to some extent more clear and lower. It is played in Khorasan [xorAsAn], Kermanshah [KermAnSAh], and mostly in Iran. In some different dialects it is called Zanbooreh [zanbureh].

Notes

References

Attribution:

{{EB1911|wstitle=Arghoul|volume=2|page=475|first=Kathleen|last=Schlesinger|authorlink=Kathleen Schlesinger}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20071030045531/http://www.zamanproduction.com/old/pagesinstruments/arghul.html Arghul page] from Zaman Production site
[http://www.dominikphoto.com/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=55 The making of the Arghul, in Egypt] by Dominik Huber