article-level metrics

{{Short description|Measurements designed to measure scholarly article impact}}

Article-level metrics are citation metrics which measure the usage and impact of individual scholarly articles. The most common article-level citation metric is the number of citations.{{cite journal | last=Tahamtan | first=Iman | last2=Safipour Afshar | first2=Askar | last3=Ahamdzadeh | first3=Khadijeh | title=Factors affecting number of citations: a comprehensive review of the literature | journal=Scientometrics | volume=107 | issue=3 | date=2016 | issn=0138-9130 | doi=10.1007/s11192-016-1889-2 | pages=1195–1225}}

Field-weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) by Scopus divides the total citations by the average number of citations for an article in the scientific field.{{cite web |last1=Cooke |first1=Bec |title=Guides: Research Metrics: Field-Weighted Citation Impact |url=https://libguides.usc.edu.au/researchmetrics/researchmetrics-field-weighted-citation-impact |website=libguides.usc.edu.au |language=en}}

Alternative article-level metrics include the CD index, a measure of the disruptiveness of an article.{{cite journal | last=Funk | first=Russell J. | last2=Owen-Smith | first2=Jason | title=A Dynamic Network Measure of Technological Change | journal=Management Science | volume=63 | issue=3 | date=2017 | issn=0025-1909 | doi=10.1287/mnsc.2015.2366 | pages=791–817}}{{cite journal | last=Park | first=Michael | last2=Leahey | first2=Erin | last3=Funk | first3=Russell J. | title=Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time | journal=Nature | volume=613 | issue=7942 | date=5 January 2023 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05543-x | doi-access=free | pages=138–144}}

Adoption

Traditionally, bibliometrics have been used to evaluate the usage and impact of research, but have usually been focused on journal-level metrics such as the impact factor or researcher-level metrics such as the h-index.{{cite web|title=Article-Level Metrics|url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics|work=SPARC|access-date=13 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325033941/http://www.sparc.arl.org/initiatives/article-level-metrics|url-status=dead}} Article-level metrics, on the other hand, may demonstrate the impact of an individual article. This is related to, but distinct from, altmetrics.{{cite web|title=Article-Level Metrics: A Sparc Primer|url=http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf|work=SPARC|access-date=13 March 2014|date=April 2013|archive-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313155739/http://www.sparc.arl.org/sites/default/files/sparc-alm-primer.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Starting in March 2009, the Public Library of Science introduced article-level metrics for all articles.{{cite journal|url=http://www.plosone.org/static/almInfo.action |title=Article-Level Metrics Information |journal=Lagotto |publisher=PLoS ONE |date=2005-07-01 |access-date=2012-05-29|last1=Fenner |first1=Martin }}

The open access publisher PLOS provides article level metrics for all of its journals{{cite web|title=Overview|url=http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-info/|work=PLOS: Article-Level Metrics|access-date=13 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214044604/http://article-level-metrics.plos.org/alm-info/|archive-date=14 February 2014|url-status=dead}} including downloads, citations, and altmetrics.{{cite journal|last=Pattinson|first=Damian|title=The future is open: opportunities for publishers and institutions|journal=Insights|date=March 2014|volume=27|issue=1|doi=10.1629/2048-7754.139|pages=38–44|doi-access=free}} In March 2014 it was announced that COUNTER statistics, which measure usage of online scholarly resources, are now available at the article level.{{cite web|title=Introduction to Release 1 of the COUNTER Code of Practice for Articles|url=http://www.projectcounter.org/counterarticles.html|work=COUNTER|access-date=21 March 2014|archive-date=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322043103/http://www.projectcounter.org/counterarticles.html|url-status=dead}}

article-level metrics

Adoption

See also

References

Further reading